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Animals
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Equine Surgery and Medicine
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Equine Surgery and Medicine

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Equids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 17698

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francisco José Vázquez Bringas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Medicine and Surgery Area, Veterinary School, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: equine practice; surgery; minimally invasive surgery; laparoscopy mesenchymal stem cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eduard Jose-Cunilleras

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193‐Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: equine internal medicine; equine sports medicine; electrolytes; coagulopathies; infectious diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Horses and donkeys are animal species with which we have had close relations since time immemorial. Nowadays, this interrelationship demands high-quality veterinary attention in which medical and surgical treatments stand out. In these fields, the scientific advances for these species are abundant and continuous.

It is essential, both for researchers in this area and for equine practitioners, that these advances are shared in a rigorous and detailed manner but, also, in open channels accessible to the community.

The purpose of this Special Issue is, therefore, to present high-quality articles related to advancement in equine medicine and surgery. Research articles, case series, and original reviews will all be considered.

Reports focusing on sport, racing, and leisure horses are welcome in addition to those where work horses, donkeys, and feral horse populations are the focus. Topics could include but are not limited to anesthesia, soft tissue surgery, lameness and orthopedics, minimally invasive surgery and procedures, rehabilitation, diagnostic techniques, internal medicine, infectious or parasitic disease, therapeutics, ophthalmology, neurology, cardiology, critical care, and neonatology.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Francisco José Vázquez Bringas
Dr. Eduard Jose-Cunilleras
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • horse
  • donkey
  • equine
  • surgery
  • medicine

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Carotid Access and Puncture Closure with Angio-Seal in Horses
by Arantza Vitoria, Alicia Laborda, Carolina Serrano-Casorrán, Sara Fuente, Antonio Romero and Francisco José Vázquez
Animals 2022, 12(12), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121481 - 7 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2355
Abstract
Background: There are different indications for endovascular surgery in horses, mainly the treatment of guttural pouch mycosis. Traditionally, these procedures are carried out by open arteriotomy of the common carotid artery (CCA), although less invasive percutaneous ultrasound-guided carotid access (PUGCA) has been described [...] Read more.
Background: There are different indications for endovascular surgery in horses, mainly the treatment of guttural pouch mycosis. Traditionally, these procedures are carried out by open arteriotomy of the common carotid artery (CCA), although less invasive percutaneous ultrasound-guided carotid access (PUGCA) has been described in experimental horses. In human medicine, commercial closure systems are used to seal these arterial puncture sites and reduce complications. The aims of this study are to retrospectively describe our experience with PUGCA in clinical cases and to report, for the first time, the use of the commercial vascular closure device Angio-Seal after PUGCA in horses. Methods: Retrospective study of clinical case records. Collected parameters, including the feasibility of the PUGCA and variables related to the safety and efficacy of the use of the Angio-Seal. Results: Twelve PUGCA procedures in 11 horses were included. In all cases, the artery was effectively accessed, and the planned procedure could be performed. In two cases, haematoma/bleeding due to incorrect use of the Angio-Seal was recorded. This complication rate (16.66%) was lower than that obtained in other studies using PUGCA in horses, but where the puncture was sealed by manual compression only. Main limitations: A control group of clinical cases with PUGCA but without using Angio-Seal is not available. Conclusions: Clinical data confirm previous experimental results, which showed that PUGCA is safe and effective in horses. The Angio-Seal system, regardless of possible complications due to incorrect use, can be used safely and effectively in horses. Further studies comparing arterial access site management using manual compression or Angio-Seal would be necessary to state if its routine use in horses is advisable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
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10 pages, 776 KiB  
Article
Plasma-Ionized Magnesium in Hospitalized Horses with Gastrointestinal Disorders and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
by Julia Sanmartí, Lara Armengou, Lucas Troya-Portillo, José Ángel Robles-Guirado, Anna Bassols, José Ríos and Eduard Jose-Cunilleras
Animals 2022, 12(12), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121479 - 7 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1856
Abstract
Magnesium disorders in horses with gastrointestinal disorders or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are scarcely characterized. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of magnesium disorders with diagnosis, SIRS and mortality in horses admitted to a referral equine hospital. In [...] Read more.
Magnesium disorders in horses with gastrointestinal disorders or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are scarcely characterized. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of magnesium disorders with diagnosis, SIRS and mortality in horses admitted to a referral equine hospital. In total, 75 sick horses were included in an observational prospective study and classified as: obstructive (n = 17), inflammatory (n = 10) and ischemic gastrointestinal disorders (n = 12), and other non-gastrointestinal systemic disorders (n = 36). All sick horses were also divided according to the presence (n = 26) or absence of SIRS, and survival to discharge from hospital (survivors (n = 61) and non-survivors (n = 14). In addition, 26 horses were included as controls. On admission, mean (iMg) (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the SIRS group (0.47 (0.43–0.50 mmol/L)) was within the normal range (0.4–0.6 mmol/L). The obstructive group had lower (iMg) compared to the control group (0.44 (0.38–0.51 mmol/L) vs. 0.56 (0.50–0.61 mmol/L); p = 0.001). In total, 8 out of 17 (47%) horses with obstructive lesions presented with hypomagnesemia compared to controls (4% (1/26)) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, hypomagnesemia was more prevalent on admission in horses in the obstructive group, and to a lesser extent, in the inflammatory and ischemic groups. In contrast to human ICU patients, the proportion of hospitalized horses with hypomagnesemia was not associated with mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
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8 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
Predictive Models for Equine Emergency Exploratory Laparotomy in Spain: Pre-, Intra-, and Post-Operative-Mortality-Associated Factors
by Manuel Iglesias-García, Isabel Rodríguez Hurtado, Gustavo Ortiz-Díez, Jorge De la Calle del Barrio, Cristina Fernández Pérez and Raquel Gómez Lucas
Animals 2022, 12(11), 1375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111375 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1691
Abstract
The extrinsic and intrinsic characteristics of an equine population may influence the onset of gastrointestinal lesions and affect the survival rate of patients. The equine population in Spain has been the focus of a small number of studies, none of which have involved [...] Read more.
The extrinsic and intrinsic characteristics of an equine population may influence the onset of gastrointestinal lesions and affect the survival rate of patients. The equine population in Spain has been the focus of a small number of studies, none of which have involved more than one surgical center. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to analyze the survival rate, identify the variables that influenced death, and generate multivariate models using clinical variables. Data were collected from the clinical records of two surgical referral centers in the same region, and a total of 566 horses met the inclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was divided into three parts: The first and second included logistic analysis, in order to identify the variables most closely associated with survival. The third part assessed all previous variables in terms of survival and hospitalization time, using a COX survival analysis. The main risk factors associated with intra-operative mortality were related to seasonality (winter and summer), patient age (older than 9 years), distance from the hospital, the presence of a strangulating lesion, and the bowel segment affected (small intestine). Furthermore, the main factors associated with mortality during hospitalization were the characteristics of the lesions (strangulating) and the differences between surgical centers. The models generated in this study have good predictive value and use only reliable and easily obtainable variables. The most reliable characteristics are those related to the type of colic and the location of the lesion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
15 pages, 929 KiB  
Article
Morphine with or without Acepromazine in Horses: A Kinematic Evaluation
by F. Javier López-Sanromán, G. Montes Freilich, D. Gómez-Cisneros, J. Izquierdo-Moreno, M. Varela del Arco and G. Manso-Díaz
Animals 2022, 12(9), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12091193 - 6 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2655
Abstract
The objective was to demonstrate walking locomotor pattern alterations after co-administration of acepromazine and morphine in horses. Six mature horses receiving four different treatments were used. Treatments consisted of a single dose of saline solution, 0.2 mg/kg bwt of morphine hydrochloride, 0.02 mg/kg [...] Read more.
The objective was to demonstrate walking locomotor pattern alterations after co-administration of acepromazine and morphine in horses. Six mature horses receiving four different treatments were used. Treatments consisted of a single dose of saline solution, 0.2 mg/kg bwt of morphine hydrochloride, 0.02 mg/kg bwt of acepromazine maleate, and a combination of 0.2 mg/kg bwt of morphine hydrochloride with 0.02 mg/kg bwt of acepromazine maleate. A three-dimensional accelerometric device was used to collect data. Walking tests were performed 10 min prior to injection, and then at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after the injection, and then every 10 min for 3 h. Eight variables were calculated including stride kinematic, coordination, and energetic parameters; moreover ground-to-lip distance (GLD), as a tranquilization parameter, was also measured. A significant interaction was observed in all the variables studied but regularity, mediolateral power, the propulsive part of the power, and the GLD. An evident counteraction of the effects caused by both, opioids and phenothiazines, in the gait pattern was observed. The co-administration of acepromazine and morphine could allow a safe opiate administration while minimizing the possible central nervous system (CNS) excitation and reducing potential locomotor adverse effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
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10 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration
by Patricia Ruíz-López, Juan Morgaz, Setefilla Quirós-Carmona, Rocío Navarrete-Calvo, Juan Manuel Domínguez, Rafael Jesús Gómez-Villamandos and M. M. Granados
Animals 2022, 12(8), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081038 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity can modify cardiovascular parameters in response to nociceptive stimuli or drugs in anesthetized animals. The aim of this study was to determine if a surgical nociceptive stimulus and morphine, ketamine, and dobutamine administration would modify ANS activity observed [...] Read more.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity can modify cardiovascular parameters in response to nociceptive stimuli or drugs in anesthetized animals. The aim of this study was to determine if a surgical nociceptive stimulus and morphine, ketamine, and dobutamine administration would modify ANS activity observed as a change in the mean parasympathetic tone activity (PTAm) in anesthetized horses. In 20 anesthetized horses, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and PTAm were monitored before and 1, 3, and 5 min after surgical incision, and before and 10 min after the administration of morphine (0.2 mg/kg IV). If nystagmus or spontaneous ventilation was observed, ketamine (0.5 mg/kg IV) was given, and the three variables were registered before and 3 and 5 min afterward. If MAP reached ≤62 mmHg, a dobutamine infusion was administered, and the three variables were recorded before and 5 min after starting/increasing the infusion (0.25 μg/kg/min IV every 5 min). The three variables were registered before and 1, 3, and 5 min after a PTAm decrease of ≥20%, HR increase of ≥10%, or MAP increase of ≥20%. The PTAm decreased 3 min after the administration of ketamine and 1 min after a PTA event. The surgical incision, dobutamine, and morphine did not modify PTAm. The absence of changes in ANS activity after the nociceptive stimulus and lack of correlation between PTAm and HR or MAP suggest that PTAm is a poor indicator of sympathetic activation under the study conditions. Ketamine seems to affect ANS activity by decreasing PTAm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
18 pages, 2896 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Topical Oxygen Therapy in Horses Affected with Mycosis of the Guttural Pouch: An Experimental Pilot Study and a Case Series
by Olivier M. Lepage, Paola Di Francesco, Nicolas Moulin, Monika Gangl, Gaëtan Texier, Joffrey Marchi and Jean-Luc Cadoré
Animals 2021, 11(11), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113329 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
Background: The management of bleeding originating from the guttural pouch (GP) has a high success rate, but the resolution of the macroscopic inflammatory lesions in the case of mycosis (GPM) is highly variable; the resolution of neurological disorders is inconstant and challenging. Objectives: [...] Read more.
Background: The management of bleeding originating from the guttural pouch (GP) has a high success rate, but the resolution of the macroscopic inflammatory lesions in the case of mycosis (GPM) is highly variable; the resolution of neurological disorders is inconstant and challenging. Objectives: Our aim was to test the feasibility and safety of topical oxygen therapy (TOT) in horses after induction of GPM and in cases with naturally occurring disease. Study design: This study was an in vivo experimental and retrospective two-phase study. Methods: During phase 1, the pilot study, both GPs were inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus. One GP was randomly assigned to receive one to four TOT 30 min sessions with 100% medical oxygen at 9 L/min. Follow-up endoscopic images were assessed for scoring macroscopic inflammatory lesions of the pharynx and both GPs. In phase 2, the clinical study, TOT was administered for 45 to 60 min at 15 L/min in six horses presenting with GPM. Results: In phase 1, TOT administration was easy to perform in the standing horse with no adverse effects. After more than two administrations, macroscopic inflammatory lesions decreased more quickly in size in the treated GP. In phase 2, horses were treated with TOT only (n = 1) or combined with a transarterial coil embolization (TACE) procedure (n = 5). After TOT and discharge from the hospital, nasal discharge resolved in three horses, and improvement was noted in the fourth one. Between days 2 and 10 after admission, upper respiratory tract endoscopy (URTE) indicated size reduction and alteration in the appearance of all the macroscopic inflammatory lesions. The partial or total recovery of neurological disorders (2/4 laryngeal hemiparesis, 3/5 dysphagia, 1/2 dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP), and 1/1 Horner’s syndrome) was recorded. Main limitations: In phase 1, the small number of horses did not allow for statistically significant conclusions; in phase 2, clinical signs at admission varied between horses, which made comparison difficult. Conclusions: In adult horses, TOT alone or in combination with TACE is feasible and safe with a propensity to reverse the course and the progression of inflammatory lesions without additional local or systemic treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
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13 pages, 15504 KiB  
Article
The Comparison of Latero-Medial versus Dorso-Palmar/Plantar Drilling for Cartilage Removal in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
by Alessandro Spadari, Giulia Forni, Sara Del Magno, Claudio Tagliavia, Marco Canova, Annamaria Grandis and Riccardo Rinnovati
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1838; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061838 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2406
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to compare the percentages of articular cartilage removed using a lateral drilling approach of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) and a dorsal drilling approach, and to assess the usefulness of digital fluoroscopy when performing a lateral [...] Read more.
The aims of the present study were to compare the percentages of articular cartilage removed using a lateral drilling approach of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) and a dorsal drilling approach, and to assess the usefulness of digital fluoroscopy when performing a lateral drilling approach. Sixty cadaveric PIPJs were drilled using a surgical drill bit to remove the articular cartilage. The limbs were divided into three groups containing 10 forelimbs and 10 hindlimbs each. One group received the dorsal drilling approach, the second one received the lateral drilling approach and the last one received the lateral drilling approach under digital fluoroscopy guidance. The percentage of articular cartilage removed from each articular surface was assessed using Adobe Photoshop ® software. The percentages of removed cartilage turned out to be significantly higher with lateral approach, especially under fluoroscopic guidance, both in the forelimbs (p = 0.00712) and hindlimbs (p = 0.00962). In conclusion, the lateral drilling approach seems to be a minimally invasive technique with which to perform PIPJ arthrodesis, even more efficient than the previously reported dorsal approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Surgery and Medicine)
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