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Antioxidants
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Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products—2nd Edition
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Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2024 | Viewed by 3466

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giovanni Caprioli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
Interests: food analysis; mass spectrometry; extraction methods; plant analysis; by-products chemical characterization; chromatography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In view of the great response that we received to the previous Special Issue "Antioxidant Capacity of Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products", we decided to revisit this topic.

Phenolic compounds are a large class of plant secondary metabolites displaying different structures. The main groups of phenolic compounds include flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes, and lignans. Phenolic compounds have been found to exert various activities, such as antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and diseases associated with oxidative stress. They are synthesized in plants as a response to ecological and physiological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation, and wounding, and at the same time, they are also closely associated with the sensory and nutritional quality of fresh and processed food and plants. In the last few years, the reutilization of food and plant by-products has become a relevant issue as they contain a large number of phenolic compounds that can be extracted and reused.

This Special Issue aims to collect and share studies on the antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds present in food, plants, and related by-products. In this topic, the exploitation of extraction processes, analytical methods used for their analyses, evaluation of biological activities, nutritional value, and nutraceutical/innovative applications in different economic sectors of food, plants, and related by-products rich in phenolic compounds are themes to be explored.

Dr. Giovanni Caprioli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phenolic compounds
  • food and plants analyses
  • by-products chemical characterization
  • biological activities
  • valorization and recovery of by-products
  • food supplement
  • functional food
  • antioxidant activity
  • extraction methods
  • analytical methods

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5673 KiB  
Article
Thymus spp. Aqueous Extracts and Their Constituent Salvianolic Acid A Induce Nrf2-Dependent Cellular Antioxidant Protection Against Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells
by Carlos Martins-Gomes, Fernando M. Nunes and Amélia M. Silva
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111287 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 612
Abstract
The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases poses a major health concern, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in the onset of these pathologies. Factors such as excessive consumption of sugar-rich and fatty foods, synthetic food additives, pesticides, alcohol, and [...] Read more.
The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases poses a major health concern, with oxidative stress playing a significant role in the onset of these pathologies. Factors such as excessive consumption of sugar-rich and fatty foods, synthetic food additives, pesticides, alcohol, and tobacco contribute to oxidative stress and disrupt intestinal homeostasis. Functional foods arise as a potential tool to regulate redox balance in the intestinal tract. Herbs (such as Thymus spp.) have long been screened for their antioxidant properties, but their use as antioxidants for medicinal purposes requires validation in biological models. In this study, we addressed the potential antioxidant protection and preventive effects of extracts from two thyme species at the intestinal level, as well as their molecular mechanisms of action. Caco-2 cells were pre-exposed (4 h) to aqueous (AD) and hydroethanolic (HE) extracts of Thymus carnosus and Thymus capitellatus, followed by a recovery period in culture medium (16 h), and then treated with tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP; 4 h), before analyzing cell viability. The effect of the extracts’ main components was also analysed. Cellular oxidative stress, cell-death markers, and the expression of antioxidant-related proteins were evaluated using flow cytometry on cells pre-exposed to the AD extracts and salvianolic acid A (SAA). Results showed that pre-exposure to AD extracts or SAA reduced TBHP-induced oxidative stress and cell death, mediated by increased levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein. The protective activity of T. capitellatus AD extract was shown to be dependent on NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) protein expression and on increased glutathione (GSH) content. Furthermore, ursolic acid induced cytotoxicity and low cellular antioxidant activity, and thus the presence of this triterpenoid impaired the antioxidant effect of HE extracts. Thus, AD extracts show high potential as prophylactic dietary agents, while HE extracts arise as a source of nutraceuticals with antioxidant potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 3598 KiB  
Article
DNA-Protective, Antioxidant and Anti-Carcinogenic Potential of Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) Dry Tincture
by Tsvetelina Andonova, Yordan Muhovski, Elena Apostolova, Samir Naimov, Silviya Mladenova, Iliya Slavov, Ivayla Dincheva, Vasil Georgiev, Atanas Pavlov and Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101200 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 861
Abstract
Nowadays, interest in natural antioxidants (especially phenolics) for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases is increasing due to their fewer side effects and more potent activity than some of their synthetic analogues. New chemical and pharmacological studies of well-known herbal substances are among [...] Read more.
Nowadays, interest in natural antioxidants (especially phenolics) for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases is increasing due to their fewer side effects and more potent activity than some of their synthetic analogues. New chemical and pharmacological studies of well-known herbal substances are among the current trends in medicinal plant research. Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) is a popular herb used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases (including rheumatic-, inflammatory- and tumor-related disease, etc.). The dry tincture of Filipendulae ulmariae herba, collected from the Bulgarian flora, was analyzed using the HPLC method and bioassayed for antioxidant, antiproliferative and DNA-protective activities against oxidative damage. The HPLC phenolic profile showed 12 phenolics, of which salicylic acid (18.84 mg/g dry extract), rutin (9.97 mg/g de), p-coumaric acid (6.80 mg/g de), quercetin (4.47 mg/g de), rosmarinic acid (4.01 mg/g de) and vanillic acid (3.82 mg/g de) were the major components. The high antioxidant potential of the species was confirmed by using four methods, best expressed by the results of the CUPRAC assay (10,605.91 μM TE/g de). The present study reports for the first time the highly protective activities of meadowsweet dry tincture against oxidative DNA damage and its antiproliferative effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cell line). Meadowsweet dry tincture possesses great potential to prevent diseases caused by oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products—2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 4073 KiB  
Article
Extraction Optimization of Quercus cerris L. Wood Chips: A Comparative Study between Full Factorial Design (FFD) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
by Maria Ponticelli, Vittorio Carlucci, Marisabel Mecca, Luigi Todaro, Luigi Milella and Daniela Russo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091115 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 733
Abstract
From a circular bio-economy perspective, biomass valorization requires the implementation of increasingly efficient extraction techniques to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of biorefining processes. This research focuses on optimizing the specialized metabolite extraction of Turkey oak chips from Quercus cerris L. by [...] Read more.
From a circular bio-economy perspective, biomass valorization requires the implementation of increasingly efficient extraction techniques to ensure the environmental and economic sustainability of biorefining processes. This research focuses on optimizing the specialized metabolite extraction of Turkey oak chips from Quercus cerris L. by applying a 3 levels Full Factorial Design (FFD). The goal is to obtain an extract with the highest antioxidant activity [evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays] and specialized metabolites content [measured as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), and hydrolysable tannins content (THC)]. With this objective, three different variables were investigated and compared: temperature (20 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C), solvents EtOH/H2O (0%, 20%, 40%), and time (3 h, 6 h, 24 h), resulting in 27 different extracts. Following the FFD analysis, the optimal extractive conditions were determined to be 80 °C, 40% EtOH/H2O, and 19.8 h. Finally, the prediction ability of FFD was compared with that of artificial neural network (ANN) for DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP, and TPC data based on the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicated that ANN predictions were more precise than FFD ones; however, both methods were useful in optimizing the extraction process as they returned comparable optimized extraction parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products—2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Improving the Extraction of Polyphenols from Cocoa Bean Shells by Ultrasound and Microwaves: A Comparative Study
by Vincenzo Disca, Fabiano Travaglia, Chiara Carini, Jean Daniel Coïsson, Giancarlo Cravotto, Marco Arlorio and Monica Locatelli
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091097 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds from food by-products is one of the most important research areas for the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), either alone or in combination, [...] Read more.
The extraction of bioactive compounds from food by-products is one of the most important research areas for the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. This research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), either alone or in combination, of phenolic compounds from cocoa bean shells (CBSs). These extraction techniques were compared with conventional methods, such as under simple magnetic stirring and the Soxhlet apparatus. After the preliminary characterization of the gross composition of CBSs, the total polyphenol content and radical scavenging of extracts obtained from both raw and defatted cocoa bean shells were investigated. Quantification of the main polyphenolic compounds was then performed by RP-HPLC-DAD, identifying flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as clovamide. The application of MAE and UAE resulted in a similar or superior extraction of polyphenols when compared with traditional methods; the concentration of individual polyphenols was variously influenced by the extraction methods employed. Combining MAE and UAE at 90 °C yielded the highest antiradical activity of the extract. Spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the presence of high-molecular-weight melanoidins, which were present in higher concentrations in the extracts obtained using MAE and UAE, especially starting from raw material. In conclusion, these results emphasize the efficiency of MAE and UAE techniques in obtaining polyphenol-rich extracts from CBS and confirm this cocoa by-product as a valuable biomass for the recovery of antioxidant compounds, with a view to possible industrial scale-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolic Compounds in Foods, Plants and Related By-Products—2nd Edition)
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