Antioxidant Response in Skeletal Muscle

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 6608

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, 18-400 Lomza, Poland
Interests: skeletal muscle; heart; exercise; metabolism; lipids

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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: branched-chain amino acids; lipid metabolism; stem cells; insulin resistance; fatty acid transport
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of muscle fibers cause them to continuously generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) during rest, and their production is increased during muscle contraction. However, an imbalance between the antioxidant system and the generation of RONS triggers oxidative stress, which provokes damage to molecules and affects specific functions such as excitation–contraction coupling. Skeletal muscles are equipped with various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and heme oxygenase-1. Accumulating evidence has shown that antioxidants can achieve optimal concentrations of RONS to perform physiological signal transduction in muscle. They function as biosensors of RONS and render skeletal muscle extremely flexible in both health and disease. As an example, RONS play a very important role in protein turnover, which can promote muscle hypertrophy and regeneration.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the skeletal-muscle-focused antioxidant responses accompanying both physiological (e.g., exercise) and pathological challenges. The latter involves muscle injury, metabolic diseases, muscle dystrophy, carcinogenesis, systemic inflammation, inactivity or immobilization, to only name a few disorders capable of altering redox balance. Authors are invited to submit their latest original and innovative research findings or review articles with new insights into the association between scavenging capacity and cell signaling, muscle function and muscle metabolism in the response to stressors. Both human and animal studies are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contribution.

Dr. Jan Górski
Dr. Elzbieta Supruniuk
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • skeletal muscle
  • exercise
  • muscle injury
  • metabolic diseases
  • muscle dystrophy
  • cancer
  • immobilization

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2427 KiB  
Article
Controlled Cultivation Confers Rhodiola rosea Synergistic Activity on Muscle Cell Homeostasis, Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense in Primary Human Myoblasts
by Fortuna Iannuzzo, Elisabetta Schiano, Arianna Pastore, Fabrizia Guerra, Gian Carlo Tenore, Ettore Novellino and Mariano Stornaiuolo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13081000 - 18 Aug 2024
Viewed by 982
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. is recognized for its adaptogenic properties and ability to promote muscle health, function and recovery from exercise. The plethora of biological effects of this plant is ascribed to the synergism existing among the molecules composing its phytocomplex. In this manuscript, [...] Read more.
Rhodiola rosea L. is recognized for its adaptogenic properties and ability to promote muscle health, function and recovery from exercise. The plethora of biological effects of this plant is ascribed to the synergism existing among the molecules composing its phytocomplex. In this manuscript, we analyze the activity of a bioactive fraction extracted from Rhodiola rosea L. controlled cultivation. Biological assays were performed on human skeletal myoblasts and revealed that the extract is able to modulate in vitro expression of transcription factors, namely Pax7 and myoD, involved in muscle differentiation and recovery. The extract also promotes ROS scavenging, ATP production and mitochondrial respiration. Untargeted metabolomics further reveals that the mechanism underpinning the plant involves the synergistic interconnection between antioxidant enzymes and the folic/acid polyamine pathway. Finally, by examining the phytochemical profiles of the extract, we identify the specific combination of secondary plant metabolites contributing to muscle repair, recovery from stress and regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Response in Skeletal Muscle)
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15 pages, 3766 KiB  
Article
Electrical Pulse Stimulation Protects C2C12 Myotubes against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cytotoxicity via Nrf2/Antioxidant Pathway
by Sarah Pribil Pardun, Anjali Bhat, Cody P. Anderson, Michael F. Allen, Will Bruening, Joel Jacob, Ved Vasishtha Pendyala, Li Yu, Taylor Bruett, Matthew C. Zimmerman, Song-Young Park, Irving H. Zucker and Lie Gao
Antioxidants 2024, 13(6), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060716 - 12 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction evokes numerous biochemical alterations that underpin exercise benefits. This present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism for electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)-induced antioxidant adaptation in C2C12 myotubes. We found that EPS significantly upregulated Nrf2 and a broad array of downstream antioxidant [...] Read more.
Skeletal muscle contraction evokes numerous biochemical alterations that underpin exercise benefits. This present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism for electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)-induced antioxidant adaptation in C2C12 myotubes. We found that EPS significantly upregulated Nrf2 and a broad array of downstream antioxidant enzymes involved in multiple antioxidant systems. These effects were completely abolished by pretreatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine. MitoSOX-Red, CM-H2DCFDA, and EPR spectroscopy revealed a significantly higher ROS level in mitochondria and cytosol in EPS cells compared to non-stimulated cells. Seahorse and Oroboros revealed that EPS significantly increased the maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, along with an upregulated protein expression of mitochondrial complexes I/V, mitofusin-1, and mitochondrial fission factor. A post-stimulation time-course experiment demonstrated that upregulated NQO1 and GSTA2 last at least 24 h following the cessation of EPS, whereas elevated ROS declines immediately. These findings suggest an antioxidant preconditioning effect in the EPS cells. A cell viability study suggested that the EPS cells displayed 11- and 36-fold higher survival rates compared to the control cells in response to 2 and 4 mM H2O2 treatment, respectively. In summary, we found that EPS upregulated a large group of antioxidant enzymes in C2C12 myotubes via a contraction-mitochondrial-ROS-Nrf2 pathway. This antioxidant adaptation protects cells against oxidative stress-associated cytotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Response in Skeletal Muscle)
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21 pages, 2747 KiB  
Article
Nitrosative Stress in Astronaut Skeletal Muscle in Spaceflight
by Dieter Blottner, Manuela Moriggi, Gabor Trautmann, Sandra Furlan, Katharina Block, Martina Gutsmann, Enrica Torretta, Pietro Barbacini, Daniele Capitanio, Joern Rittweger, Ulrich Limper, Pompeo Volpe, Cecilia Gelfi and Michele Salanova
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040432 - 2 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) (>180 ISS days) revealed a close-to-normal sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase type-1 (NOS1) immunoexpression in myofibers together with biochemical and quantitative qPCR changes in deep calf soleus muscle. Nitro-DIGE analyses identified functional proteins (structural, [...] Read more.
Long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) (>180 ISS days) revealed a close-to-normal sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase type-1 (NOS1) immunoexpression in myofibers together with biochemical and quantitative qPCR changes in deep calf soleus muscle. Nitro-DIGE analyses identified functional proteins (structural, metabolic, mitochondrial) that were over-nitrosylated post- vs. preflight. In a short-duration mission (SDM) astronaut (9 ISS days), s-nitrosylation of a nodal protein of the glycolytic flux, specific proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respiratory chain, and over-nitrosylation of creatine kinase M-types as signs of impaired ATP production and muscle contraction proteins were seen. S-nitrosylation of serotransferrin (TF) or carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3b and 3c) represented signs of acute response microgravity muscle maladaptation. LDM nitrosoprofiles reflected recovery of mitochondrial activity, contraction proteins, and iron transporter TF as signs of muscle adaptation to microgravity. Nitrosated antioxidant proteins, alcohol dehydrogenase 5/S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (ADH5/GSNOR), and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) levels indicated signs of altered redox homeostasis and reduced protection from nitrosative stress in spaceflight. This work presents a novel spaceflight-generated dataset on s-nitrosylated muscle protein signatures from astronauts that helps both to better understand the structural and molecular networks associated to muscular nitrosative stress and to design countermeasures to dysfunction and impaired performance control in human spaceflight missions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Response in Skeletal Muscle)
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