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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Antioxidant Mechanisms and Redox Signalling in Seeds
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Antioxidant Mechanisms and Redox Signalling in Seeds

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 7127

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Thomas Roach

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: stress metabolism; desiccation tolerance; photosynthesis; longevity; reactive electrophile species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ewa M. Kalemba

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
Interests: seed physiology; desiccation tolerance; seed longevity; reactive oxygen species; redox signaling; oxidative stress; protein oxidation and reduction; antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Seeds form the basis of our diet, either directly such as grains, beans and oils, or indirectly as animal feedstock. Low-molecular-weight antioxidants, such as tocochromanols, glutathione, flavonoids and carotenoids help sustain the nutritional quality within seeds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, as well as providing us with vital nutrition, such as vitamin E. High seed quality also underpins agriculture and provides seeds in natural ecosystems with the longevity they need to survive before germination, in which antioxidants play a pivotal role. Furthermore, seed longevity is exploited by ex situ germplasm conservation projects, such as in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, Norway; The Millennium Seed Bank at Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, UK; and National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, USA, in so-called modern-day Noah’s Ark. When hydrated, i.e. during seed maturation germination and seedling establishment, antioxidant enzymes are also essential to help seeds tolerate the stresses associated with dehydration, desiccation and rehydration, as well as allowing reactive oxygen species to function in redox signalling.

This Special Issue welcomes submissions on all aspects of seed antioxidants, from a plant, human or microbial perspective. We aim to provide an updated overview of the state of the art in these compounds and enzymes from seeds, with papers describing recent developments in antioxidant metabolism, redox homeostasis, stress antagonism and redox signalling especially welcome.

Original research reports and reviews will be published in the online jounrnal Antioxidants.

Dr. Thomas Roach
Dr. Ewa M. Kalemba
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • longevity
  • stress metabolism
  • redox signalling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 10223 KiB  
Article
Chitosan Oligosaccharides Mitigate Flooding Stress Damage in Rice by Affecting Antioxidants, Osmoregulation, and Hormones
by Haoyu Lu, Mei Wang, Shangfeng Zhou, Ke Chen, Lifeng Wang, Zhenxie Yi, Lianyang Bai and Yuzhu Zhang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050521 - 26 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1335
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. However, during direct seeding, rice is extremely vulnerable to flooding stress, which impairs rice’s emergence and seedling growth and results in a significant yield loss. According to our research, [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. However, during direct seeding, rice is extremely vulnerable to flooding stress, which impairs rice’s emergence and seedling growth and results in a significant yield loss. According to our research, chitosan oligosaccharides have the potential to be a chemical seed-soaking agent that greatly increases rice’s resistance to flooding. Chitosan oligosaccharides were able to enhance seed energy supply, osmoregulation, and antioxidant capacity, according to physiological index assessments. Using transcriptome and metabolomic analysis, we discovered that important differential metabolites and genes were involved in the signaling pathway for hormone synthesis and antioxidant capacity. Exogenous chitosan oligosaccharides specifically and significantly inhibit genes linked to auxin, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid. This suggested that applying chitosan oligosaccharides could stabilize seedling growth and development by controlling associated hormones and reducing flooding stress by enhancing membrane stability and antioxidant capacity. Finally, we verified the effectiveness of exogenous chitosan oligosaccharides imbibed in seeds by field validation, demonstrating that they can enhance rice seedling emergence and growth under flooding stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Mechanisms and Redox Signalling in Seeds)
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18 pages, 6441 KiB  
Article
Genomic Identification and Expression Profiling of Lesion Simulating Disease Genes in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Elucidate Their Responsiveness to Seed Vigor
by Shoujiang Sun, Wen Ma, Zhicheng Jia, Chengming Ou, Manli Li and Peisheng Mao
Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1768; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091768 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
Seed aging, a common physiological phenomenon during forage seed storage, is a crucial factor contributing to a loss of vigor, resulting in delayed seed germination and seedling growth, as well as limiting the production of hay. Extensive bodies of research are dedicated to [...] Read more.
Seed aging, a common physiological phenomenon during forage seed storage, is a crucial factor contributing to a loss of vigor, resulting in delayed seed germination and seedling growth, as well as limiting the production of hay. Extensive bodies of research are dedicated to the study of seed aging, with a particular focus on the role of the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ensuing oxidative damage during storage as a primary cause of decreases in seed vigor. To preserve optimal seed vigor, ROS levels must be regulated. The excessive accumulation of ROS can trigger programmed cell death (PCD), which causes the seed to lose vigor permanently. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE (LSD) is one of the proteins that regulate PCD, encodes a small C2C2 zinc finger protein, and plays a molecular function as a transcriptional regulator and scaffold protein. However, genome-wide analysis of LSD genes has not been performed for alfalfa (Medicago sativa), as one of the most important crop species, and, presently, the molecular regulation mechanism of seed aging is not clear enough. Numerous studies have also been unable to explain the essence of seed aging for LSD gene regulating PCD and affecting seed vigor. In this study, we obtained six MsLSD genes in total from the alfalfa (cultivar Zhongmu No. 1) genome. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the MsLSD genes could be classified into three subgroups. In addition, six MsLSD genes were unevenly mapped on three chromosomes in alfalfa. Gene duplication analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication was the key driving force for the expansion of this gene family during evolution. Expression analysis of six MsLSD genes in various tissues and germinating seeds presented their different expressions. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of three MsLSD genes, including MsLSD2, MsLSD5, and MsLSD6, was significantly induced by seed aging treatment, suggesting that they might play an important role in maintaining seed vigor. Although this finding will provide valuable insights into unveiling the molecular mechanism involved in losing vigor and new strategies to improve alfalfa seed germinability, additional research must comprehensively elucidate the precise pathways through which the MsLSD genes regulate seed vigor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Mechanisms and Redox Signalling in Seeds)
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25 pages, 12669 KiB  
Article
Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Seed Responding to Aging
by Yongjian Luo, Yixin Zhang, Jingyu Le, Qing Li, Jiaolin Mou, Shiming Deng, Jitao Li, Ru Wang, Zhijun Deng and Jun Liu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(7), 1353; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071353 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Hu and W. C. Cheng, as the only surviving relict species of the Taxodiaceae Metasequoia genus, is a critically endangered and protected species in China. There is a risk of extinction due to the low vigor of M. glyptostroboides seeds, and [...] Read more.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Hu and W. C. Cheng, as the only surviving relict species of the Taxodiaceae Metasequoia genus, is a critically endangered and protected species in China. There is a risk of extinction due to the low vigor of M. glyptostroboides seeds, and the physiological mechanism of seed aging in M. glyptostroboides is not yet clear. In order to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the aging process of M. glyptostroboides seeds, we analyzed the antioxidant system and transcriptome at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after artificial accelerated aging treatment at 40 °C and 100% relative humidity. It was found that the germination percentage of fresh dried M. glyptostroboides seeds was 54 ± 5.29%, and significantly declined to 9.33 ± 1.88% after 6 days of aging, and then gradually decreased until the seed died on day 8. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide anion (O2·−) content and production rate significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activity gradually increased during the aging process. A total of 42,189 unigenes were identified in the whole transcriptome, and 40,446 (95.86%) unigenes were annotated in at least one protein database. A total of 15,376 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained; KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that seed aging may be mainly involved in the protein-processing pathways in endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the dark magenta, orange, and medium purple modules were highly correlated with physiological indicators such as SOD, CAT, and GSH and further identified 40 hub genes such as Rboh, ACO, HSF, and CML as playing important roles in the antioxidant network of M. glyptostroboides seeds. These findings provide a broader perspective for studying the regulatory mechanism of seed aging and a large number of potential target genes for the breeding of other endangered gymnosperms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Mechanisms and Redox Signalling in Seeds)
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23 pages, 7064 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Intimate Mechanism of the Crocin Antioxidant Properties by Radiolytic Analysis and Molecular Simulations
by Sarah Al Gharib, Pierre Archirel, Daniel Adjei, Jacqueline Belloni and Mehran Mostafavi
Antioxidants 2023, 12(6), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061202 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
The successive steps of the oxidation mechanism of crocin, a major compound of saffron, by the free OH• radical are investigated by pulse radiolysis, steady-state (gamma) radiolysis methods, and molecular simulations. The optical absorption properties of the transient species and their reaction [...] Read more.
The successive steps of the oxidation mechanism of crocin, a major compound of saffron, by the free OH• radical are investigated by pulse radiolysis, steady-state (gamma) radiolysis methods, and molecular simulations. The optical absorption properties of the transient species and their reaction rate constants are determined. The absorption spectrum of the oxidized radical of crocin resulting from the H-abstraction presents a maximum of 678 nm and a band of 441 nm, almost as intense as that of crocin. The spectrum of the covalent dimer of this radical contains an intense band at 441 nm and a weaker band at 330 nm. The final oxidized crocin, issued from radical disproportionation, absorbs weaker with a maximum of 330 nm. The molecular simulation results suggest that the OH• radical is electrostatically attracted by the terminal sugar and is scavenged predominantly by the neighbor methyl site of the polyene chain as in a sugar-driven mechanism. Based on detailed experimental and theoretical investigations, the antioxidant properties of crocin are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Mechanisms and Redox Signalling in Seeds)
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