The Role of Oxidative Stress in Environmental Toxicity

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 14 February 2025 | Viewed by 1523

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50120, México
Interests: ecotoxicology; ecopharmacovigilance; emerging contaminants; oxidative stress; teratogenesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of a biological system to detoxify or repair the caused damage. The excessive production or inhibition of antioxidant pathways induces a state of oxidative stress in the body, mainly because it puts the integrity of biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids at risk.

Various factors can induce this process, and in recent decades, the determination of oxidative stress as a mechanism of toxicity of various pollutants present in the environment has been the object of interest due to the various adverse effects it can have, which include DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein alterations, and cell death and in turn can trigger pathological processes such as mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others.

In this Special Issue, we aim to compile experimental research that evaluates oxidative stress as a mechanism of toxicity and helps us elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the toxicity of various environmental pollutants. Research on compounds that help neutralize free radicals generated by environmental pollutants is welcome.

Prof. Dr. Hariz Islas Flores
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • ROS
  • RNS
  • environmental toxicity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3424 KiB  
Article
Expressions of Immune Prophenoloxidase (proPO) System-Related Genes Under Oxidative Stress in the Gonads and Stomach of the Mud Crab (Macrophthalmus japonicus) Exposed to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
by Ji-Hoon Kim, Kiyun Park, Won-Seok Kim and Ihn-Sil Kwak
Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121433 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 343
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) significantly damage biological systems related to reproductive, neurological, and metabolic functions. Approximately 1000 chemicals are known to possess endocrine-acting properties, including bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). This study primarily focuses on the potential effects of EDCs on the [...] Read more.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) significantly damage biological systems related to reproductive, neurological, and metabolic functions. Approximately 1000 chemicals are known to possess endocrine-acting properties, including bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). This study primarily focuses on the potential effects of EDCs on the transcriptional levels of innate immune prophenoloxidase (proPO) system-related genes under oxidative stress in the gonads and stomach of the mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus, an indicator species for assessing coastal benthic environments, when exposed to 1 µg L−1, 10 µg L−1, and 30 µg L−1 BPA or DEHP. After EDC exposure, the expression of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), a pattern recognition protein that activates the proPO system, was upregulated in the stomach of M. japonicus, whereas LGBP gene expression was downregulated in the gonads. In the gonads, which is a reproductive organ, EDC exposure mainly induced the transcriptional upregulation of trypsin-like serine protease (Tryp) at relatively low concentrations. In the stomach, which is a digestive organ, LGBP expression was upregulated at relatively low concentrations of EDCs over 7 days, whereas all proPO system-related genes (LGBP, Tryp, serine protease inhibitor (Serpin), and peroxinectin (PE)) responded to all concentrations of EDCs. These results suggest that the antioxidant and immune defense responses of the proPO system to EDC toxicity may vary, causing different degrees of damage depending on the tissue type in the mud crab. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Oxidative Stress in Environmental Toxicity)
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Review

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20 pages, 843 KiB  
Review
Evidence of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Pharmaceutical-Induced Toxicity in Amphibians
by Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera, Hariz Islas-Flores, Itzayana Pérez-Alvarez and Nidya Díaz-Camal
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111399 - 15 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Amphibians, which are essential components of ecosystems, are susceptible to pharmaceutical contamination, a phenomenon of increasing concern owing to the widespread consumption and detection of pharmaceutical compounds in environmental matrices. This review investigates oxidative stress (OS) as the primary mechanism of drug toxicity [...] Read more.
Amphibians, which are essential components of ecosystems, are susceptible to pharmaceutical contamination, a phenomenon of increasing concern owing to the widespread consumption and detection of pharmaceutical compounds in environmental matrices. This review investigates oxidative stress (OS) as the primary mechanism of drug toxicity in these organisms. The evidence gathered reveals that various pharmaceuticals, from antibiotics to anesthetics, induce OS by altering biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense. These findings underscore the deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals on amphibian health and development and emphasize the necessity of incorporating OS biomarkers into ecotoxicological risk assessments. Although further studies on diverse amphibian species, drug mixtures, and field studies are required, OS biomarkers offer valuable tools for identifying sublethal risks. Furthermore, the development of more refined OS biomarkers will facilitate the early detection of adverse effects, which are crucial for protecting amphibians and their ecosystems. Ultimately, this review calls for continued research and mitigation strategies to safeguard biodiversity from pharmaceutical contamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Oxidative Stress in Environmental Toxicity)
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