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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns
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Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 13379

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Serafina Perrone

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; newborn; antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Buonocore

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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, General Hospital "Santa Maria alle Scotte", University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Interests: evaluation of new antioxidant drugs; role of oxidative stress in perinatal diseases; free radicals, proteomics and metabolomics; ethics and research in neonatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Luisa Tataranno

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Guest Editor
Department of Neonatology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; neonatal neurology
Prof. Dr. Eloisa Gitto

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Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit AOU Policlinic G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; newborn; ventilation; melatonin
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are proposing a second volume of "Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns" to offer neonatologists and pediatricians a modern and complete view of the various problems and aspects of oxidative stress in neonatology, currently one of the most complex and advanced fields of pediatrics.

The volume will be dedicated to the epidemiology of neonatal mortality and morbidity, and to the conditions responsible for oxidative stress neonatal risk. A section will also be devoted to new antioxidant drugs and strategies for efficient modern neonatal and infant care.

Particular attention will be paid to brain-oriented care and the current availability of laboratory facilities and instrumentation for the early identification of perinatal abnormalities. Neonatal nutritional problems will also be examined, outlining current knowledge of the needs of sick and healthy babies. Conditions jeopardizing oxidative stress and fetal health (e.g., diabetes, maternal drug abuse and smoking) will be discussed. New advances in neonatal antioxidant pharmacology will be extensively examined.

Various oxidative-stress-related diseases of neonates involving lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, blood, immune system, endocrine system and kidneys will be expounded. Fetal and neonatal infections will be discussed. Fetal and neonatal neurological abnormalities will be also discussed in depth.

As opinion leaders in their field, the authors are responsible for giving the most up-to-date information in terms of what is known, what is still being researched, and what has become evidence-based medicine. Underlying causes and mechanisms of oxidative-stress-related neonatal diseases will be presented in an immediate form. The use of summaries, tables, and accurately selected guidelines or recommendations that will accompany the volume will supply quick references and instant solutions to the concerned neonatologists during their daily practice.

Prof. Dr. Serafina Perrone
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Buonocore
Dr. Maria Luisa Tataranno
Prof. Dr. Eloisa Gitto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 191 KiB  
Editorial
Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns
by Serafina Perrone, Maria Luisa Tataranno, Virginia Beretta, Giuseppe Buonocore and Eloisa Gitto
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1157; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101157 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 722
Abstract
In recent years, significant research has uncovered new mechanisms by which molecules and substances that act as free radicals generate oxidative stress in the biological system, contributing to various forms of injury and disease [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns)

Research

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16 pages, 3328 KiB  
Article
Hyperoxia Disrupts Lung Lymphatic Homeostasis in Neonatal Mice
by Nithyapriya Shankar, Shyam Thapa, Amrit Kumar Shrestha, Poonam Sarkar, M. Waleed Gaber, Roberto Barrios and Binoy Shivanna
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030620 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1945
Abstract
Inflammation causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common lung disease of preterm infants. One reason this disease lacks specific therapies is the paucity of information on the mechanisms regulating inflammation in developing lungs. We address this gap by characterizing the lymphatic phenotype in an [...] Read more.
Inflammation causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common lung disease of preterm infants. One reason this disease lacks specific therapies is the paucity of information on the mechanisms regulating inflammation in developing lungs. We address this gap by characterizing the lymphatic phenotype in an experimental BPD model because lymphatics are major regulators of immune homeostasis. We hypothesized that hyperoxia (HO), a major risk factor for experimental and human BPD, disrupts lymphatic endothelial homeostasis using neonatal mice and human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). Exposure to 70% O2 for 24–72 h decreased the expression of prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) and vascular endothelial growth factor c (Vegf-c) and increased the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone]1 in HDLECs, and reduced their tubule formation ability. Next, we determined Prox1 and Vegf-c mRNA levels on postnatal days (P) 7 and 14 in neonatal murine lungs. The mRNA levels of these genes increased from P7 to P14, and 70% O2 exposure for 14 d (HO) attenuated this physiological increase in pro-lymphatic factors. Further, HO exposure decreased VEGFR3+ and podoplanin+ lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic function in neonatal murine lungs. Collectively, our results validate the hypothesis that HO disrupts lymphatic endothelial homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns)
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13 pages, 937 KiB  
Article
Gestational Hypertension and High-Density Lipoprotein Function: An Explorative Study in Overweight/Obese Women of the DALI Cohort
by Julia T. Stadler, M. N. M. van Poppel, Christina Christoffersen, David Hill, Christian Wadsack, David Simmons, Gernot Desoye, Gunther Marsche and DALI Core Investigator Group
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010068 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2339
Abstract
Gestational hypertension (GHTN) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk for mothers and their offspring later in life. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are anti-atherogenic by promoting efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and suppression of endothelial cell activation. Functional impairment of HDL in GHTN-complicated pregnancies [...] Read more.
Gestational hypertension (GHTN) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk for mothers and their offspring later in life. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are anti-atherogenic by promoting efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and suppression of endothelial cell activation. Functional impairment of HDL in GHTN-complicated pregnancies may affect long-term health of both mothers and offspring. We studied functional parameters of maternal and neonatal HDL in 192 obese women (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 29), who were at high risk for GHTN. Maternal blood samples were collected longitudinally at <20 weeks, at 24–28 and 35–37 weeks of gestation. Venous cord blood was collected immediately after birth. Maternal and cord blood were used to determine functional parameters of HDL, such as HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, activity of the vaso-protective HDL-associated enzyme paraoxonase-1, and levels of the HDL-associated anti-inflammatory apolipoprotein (apo)M. In addition, we determined serum anti-oxidative capacity. Thirteen percent of the women were diagnosed with GHTN. While we found no changes in measures of HDL function in mothers with GHTN, we observed impaired HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase-1 activity in cord blood, while serum antioxidant capacity was increased. Of particular interest, increased maternal paraoxonase-1 activity and apoM levels in early pregnancy were associated with the risk of developing GHTN. GHTN significantly impairs HDL cholesterol efflux capacity as well as HDL PON1 activity in cord blood and could affect vascular health in offspring. Maternal paraoxonase-1 activity and apoM levels in early pregnancy associate with the risk of developing GHTN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns)
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12 pages, 2162 KiB  
Article
Direct Derivatization in Dried Blood Spots for Oxidized and Reduced Glutathione Quantification in Newborns
by Isabel Ten-Doménech, Álvaro Solaz-García, Inmaculada Lara-Cantón, Alejandro Pinilla-Gonzalez, Anna Parra-Llorca, Máximo Vento, Guillermo Quintás and Julia Kuligowski
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061165 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2394
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH)-to-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio is an essential node contributing to intracellular redox status. GSH/GSSG determination in whole blood can be accomplished by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after the derivatization of GSH with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). While this is feasible in a [...] Read more.
The glutathione (GSH)-to-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio is an essential node contributing to intracellular redox status. GSH/GSSG determination in whole blood can be accomplished by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after the derivatization of GSH with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). While this is feasible in a laboratory environment, its application in the clinical scenario is cumbersome and therefore ranges reported in similar populations differ noticeably. In this work, an LC-MS procedure for the determination of GSH and GSSG in dried blood spot (DBS) samples based on direct in situ GSH derivatization with NEM of only 10 µL of blood was developed. This novel method was applied to 73 cord blood samples and 88 residual blood volumes from routine newborn screening performed at discharge from healthy term infants. Two clinical scenarios simulating conditions of sampling and storage relevant for routine clinical analysis and clinical trials were assessed. Levels of GSH-NEM and GSSG measured in DBS samples were comparable to those obtained by liquid blood samples. GSH-NEM and GSSG median values for cord blood samples were significantly lower than those for samples at discharge. However, the GSH-NEM-to-GSSG ratios were not statistically different between both groups. With DBS testing, the immediate manipulation of samples by clinical staff is reduced. We therefore expect that this method will pave the way in providing an accurate and more robust determination of the GSH/GSSG values and trends reported in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns)
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Review

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21 pages, 970 KiB  
Review
Brain Damage in Preterm and Full-Term Neonates: Serum Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis and Intervention
by Serafina Perrone, Federica Grassi, Chiara Caporilli, Giovanni Boscarino, Giulia Carbone, Chiara Petrolini, Lucia Maria Gambini, Antonio Di Peri, Sabrina Moretti, Giuseppe Buonocore and Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020309 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3061
Abstract
The Brain is vulnerable to numerous insults that can act in the pre-, peri-, and post-natal period. There is growing evidence that demonstrate how oxidative stress (OS) could represent the final common pathway of all these insults. Fetuses and newborns are particularly vulnerable [...] Read more.
The Brain is vulnerable to numerous insults that can act in the pre-, peri-, and post-natal period. There is growing evidence that demonstrate how oxidative stress (OS) could represent the final common pathway of all these insults. Fetuses and newborns are particularly vulnerable to OS due to their inability to active the antioxidant defenses. Specific molecules involved in OS could be measured in biologic fluids as early biomarkers of neonatal brain injury with an essential role in neuroprotection. Although S-100B seems to be the most studied biomarker, its use in clinical practice is limited by the complexity of brain damage etiopathogenesis and the time of blood sampling in relation to the brain injury. Reliable early specific serum markers are currently lacking in clinical practice. It is essential to determine if there are specific biomarkers that can help caregivers to monitor the progression of the disease in order to active an early neuroprotective strategy. We aimed to describe, in an educational review, the actual evidence on serum biomarkers for the early identification of newborns at a high risk of neurological diseases. To move the biomarkers from the bench to the bedside, the assays must be not only be of a high sensitivity but suitable for the very rapid processing and return of the results for the clinical practice to act on. For the best prognosis, more studies should focus on the association of these biomarkers to the type and severity of perinatal brain damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns)
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17 pages, 1330 KiB  
Review
Perinatal Oxidative Stress and Kidney Health: Bridging the Gap between Animal Models and Clinical Reality
by You-Lin Tain and Chien-Ning Hsu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010013 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2103
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when the generation of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species overwhelms antioxidant systems. Developing kidneys are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in adult kidney disease. Oxidative stress in fetuses and neonates can be evaluated by assessing various biomarkers. Using [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress arises when the generation of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species overwhelms antioxidant systems. Developing kidneys are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in adult kidney disease. Oxidative stress in fetuses and neonates can be evaluated by assessing various biomarkers. Using animal models, our knowledge of oxidative-stress-related renal programming, the molecular mechanisms underlying renal programming, and preventive interventions to avert kidney disease has grown enormously. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the impact of perinatal oxidative stress on renal programming, the implications of antioxidant strategies on the prevention of kidney disease, and the gap between animal models and clinical reality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Fetuses and Newborns)
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