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Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering
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Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 5952

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiliang Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: rock mechanics; geotechnical engineering; reservoir stimulation; underground engineering; multi-field coupling
Dr. Jun Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institutet of Deep Earth Science and Green Energy Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
Interests: deep rock mechanics; geothermal development; reservoir reconstruction; mining engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhennan Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: rock damage mechanics; constitutive model; borehole stability; geothermal energy; geological engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of the open access journal Applied Sciences dedicated to “Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering”.

As a fundamental factor, temperature significantly affects the mechanical, thermal, and hydraulic properties of geological materials, thereby influencing the design and performance of engineering structures. In rocks, temperature fluctuations can induce thermal stresses, leading to cracking and fracturing. Temperature variations can also affect the porosity and permeability of rocks, thereby impacting groundwater flow and the stability of geological formations. Similarly, temperature is crucial in regulating soil compaction and moisture content, impacting soil strength and stability. Moreover, freeze-thaw cycles, especially prevalent in regions subject to frequent temperature fluctuations, can cause soil expansion and shrinkage, resulting in heaving and settlement. Hence, understanding the effects of temperature on geological materials is essential for optimizing geotechnical engineering practices.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring cutting-edge research and recent advances in the fields of the effects of temperature on geotechnical engineering. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcome, as well as comprehensive reviews and survey papers.

Articles of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Effects of temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of geological materials;
  • Effects of temperature on the stability and durability of geotechnical engineering;
  • Freeze-thaw properties and behavior of frozen ground in polar and high-altitude regions;
  • Feasibility and performance evaluation of geothermal energy systems;
  • Risk assessment in the geological disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear waste.

Dr. Jiliang Pan
Dr. Jun Lu
Dr. Zhennan Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rock and soil mechanics
  • temperature effect
  • thermal damage
  • freeze-thaw cycle
  • rock breaking
  • geothermal energy
  • geological disposal
  • deep mining
  • multi-field coupling
  • numerical simulation

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4589 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Prediction and Safety Evaluation of Adjacent Pipeline Deformation Caused by Connecting Channel Excavation Reinforced with Freezing Method
by Jun Zhang, Jiguo Liu, Shuoren Fu and Zequn Hong
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9274; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209274 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 503
Abstract
Underground excavation by freezing method can ensure the safety of the surrounding structures. The influence of excavation of a connecting channel between two tunnels by freezing method on adjacent pipelines is studied in this paper. Combined with field measurement, numerical simulation, and theoretical [...] Read more.
Underground excavation by freezing method can ensure the safety of the surrounding structures. The influence of excavation of a connecting channel between two tunnels by freezing method on adjacent pipelines is studied in this paper. Combined with field measurement, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, the stress and deformation law of the whole process of channel excavation by freezing method is studied. Based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory prediction, the influence of temperature field and excavation parameters on the longitudinal deformation of pipeline is analyzed. The results show that the excavation rate significantly affects the pipeline settlement, and the settlement surges when the excavation rate exceeds 1.0 m/d. At the same time, the thick frozen soil wall formed by low freezing temperatures enhances the supporting ability and effectively reduces the formation disturbance and settlement. The study focuses on the influence of connecting channel excavation on the pipelines under uniform formation conditions, and puts forward the evaluation method of pipeline safety to provide a theoretical reference for engineering practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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29 pages, 6260 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Damage Constitutive Model of Rock under Thermo-Confining Pressure Coupling
by Yonglai Zheng, Zhengxie Zhang, Chenyu Hou, Tanbo Pan, Xin Lan and Yifan Ji
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 9122; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199122 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 574
Abstract
Underground engineering frequently encounters the challenges of high temperatures and high confining pressures. The combined effects of temperature and confining pressure can significantly alter the mechanical properties of rock. Evaluating the impact of these factors on rock is a crucial aspect of engineering. [...] Read more.
Underground engineering frequently encounters the challenges of high temperatures and high confining pressures. The combined effects of temperature and confining pressure can significantly alter the mechanical properties of rock. Evaluating the impact of these factors on rock is a crucial aspect of engineering. This study investigates the mechanical properties of rocks under various temperature and stress conditions, focusing on the deformation and failure characteristics of four typical rock types: granite, red sandstone, gray sandstone, and shale under temperature-confining pressure coupling. The results indicate that high temperatures cause internal structural damage and crack propagation in rocks, leading to a reduction in compressive strength and elastic modulus. Conversely, high confining pressures can inhibit crack propagation and enhance rock deformation capacity. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the mechanical responses of different rocks; red sandstone and shale predominantly exhibited shear failure under the coupled effects of temperature and confining pressure, whereas granite and gray sandstone exhibited bulging failure. Based on the experimental results, an elastic modulus fitting model considering the temperature-confining pressure coupling effect was proposed, and the parameters of the Drucker–Prager criterion were modified. A constitutive model was constructed to accurately reflect the stress–strain state of rocks under the coupled effects of temperature and confining pressure. The constitutive model results show good agreement with the experimental findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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15 pages, 3583 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Kriging-Based Heat Production Performance Optimization for a Two-Horizontal-Well Geothermal System
by Haisheng Liu, Wan Sun, Jun Zheng and Bin Dou
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6415; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156415 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 714
Abstract
Optimizing heat generation capacity is crucial for geothermal system design and evaluation. Computer simulation is a valuable approach for determining the influence of various parameter combinations on a geothermal system’s ability to produce heat. However, computer simulation evaluations are often computationally demanding since [...] Read more.
Optimizing heat generation capacity is crucial for geothermal system design and evaluation. Computer simulation is a valuable approach for determining the influence of various parameter combinations on a geothermal system’s ability to produce heat. However, computer simulation evaluations are often computationally demanding since all potential parameter combinations must be examined, posing significant hurdles for heat generation performance evaluation and optimization. This research proposes an adaptive Kriging-based heat generation performance optimization method. Firstly, a two-horizontal-well geothermal system with rectangular multi-parallel fractures is constructed. The heat production performance optimization problem is then established, and the temperature and enthalpy of the outlet water are calculated using computer simulation and Kriging. A parameterized lower confidence bounding sampling scheme (PLCB) is developed to adaptively update Kriging in order to strike a compromise between optimization accuracy and computation burden. The outcomes of the optimization are compared to those of the Kriging-based optimization approach and other common infill options to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The outlet temperature curve obtained with PLCB-AKO-1 rose for a longer time and the heat generation power curve reached a stable output without a downward trend. According to the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests, the PLCB-1-AKO technique is statistically superior to alternative strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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21 pages, 7363 KiB  
Article
A Study on Three-Dimensional Multi-Cluster Fracturing Simulation under the Influence of Natural Fractures
by Yuegang Li, Mingyang Wu, Haoyong Huang, Yintong Guo, Yujie Wang, Junchuan Gui and Jun Lu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6342; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146342 - 20 Jul 2024
Viewed by 891
Abstract
Multi-cluster fracturing has emerged as an effective technique for enhancing the productivity of deep shale reservoirs. The presence of natural bedding planes in these reservoirs plays a significant role in shaping the evolution and development of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures. Therefore, conducting detailed research [...] Read more.
Multi-cluster fracturing has emerged as an effective technique for enhancing the productivity of deep shale reservoirs. The presence of natural bedding planes in these reservoirs plays a significant role in shaping the evolution and development of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures. Therefore, conducting detailed research on the propagation mechanisms of multi-cluster hydraulic fractures in deep shale formations is crucial for optimizing reservoir transformation efficiency and achieving effective development outcomes. This study employs the finite discrete element method (FDEM) to construct a comprehensive three-dimensional simulation model of multi-cluster fracturing, considering the number of natural fractures present and the geo-mechanical characteristics of a target block. The propagation of hydraulic fractures is investigated in response to the number of natural fractures and the design of the multi-cluster fracturing operations. The simulation results show that, consistent with previous research on fracturing in shale oil and gas reservoirs, an increase in the number of fracturing clusters and natural fractures leads to a larger total area covered by artificial fractures and the development of more intricate fracture patterns. Furthermore, the present study highlights that an escalation in the number of fracturing clusters results in a notable reduction in the balanced expansion of the double wings of the main fracture within the reservoir. Instead, the effects of natural fractures, geo-stress, and other factors contribute to enhanced phenomena such as single-wing expansion, bifurcation, and the bending of different main fractures, facilitating the creation of complex artificial fracture networks. It is important to note that the presence of natural fractures can also significantly alter the failure mode of artificial fractures, potentially resulting in the formation of small opening shear fractures that necessitate careful evaluation of the overall renovation impact. Moreover, this study demonstrates that even in comparison to single-cluster fracturing, the presence of 40 natural main fractures in the region can lead to the development of multiple branching main fractures. This finding underscores the importance of considering natural fractures in deep reservoir fracturing operations. In conclusion, the findings of this study offer valuable insights for optimizing deep reservoir fracturing processes in scenarios where natural fractures play a vital role in shaping fracture development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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23 pages, 31124 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Study on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Granite after High-Temperature Treatment Considering Anisotropy
by Yan Qin, Linqing Wu, Qiong Wu, Nengxiong Xu, Guanjun Cai, Yuxi Guo and Wenjing Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5585; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135585 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 804
Abstract
The deep burial disposal of nuclear waste and dry hot rock mining relates to the effects of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of granite. Previous studies have shown that due to the anisotropy of mineral arrangements during granite formation, the [...] Read more.
The deep burial disposal of nuclear waste and dry hot rock mining relates to the effects of high temperatures on the physical and mechanical properties of granite. Previous studies have shown that due to the anisotropy of mineral arrangements during granite formation, the physical and mechanical properties of granite vary greatly with different temperatures. We conducted wave velocity tests, optical mirror tests, and uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression tests on granite in three orthogonal directions before and after high-temperature treatment. The main innovative conclusions are as follows: (1) High temperatures can cause the density of thermal cracks in the cross-section of granite, which varies with different sampling directions. Temperatures below 400 °C increase the anisotropy of granite, and there are obvious advantages in the development direction. (2) Under the same temperature conditions, granite samples taken parallel to the dominant direction of cracks exhibit the best mechanical properties. (3) In uniaxial compression tests, granite samples after high-temperature treatment are mostly subjected to tensile splitting failure. When the heating temperature is higher than 400 °C, a large number of transgranular cracks are generated during the thermal damage of granite at this temperature stage. Rock samples taken perpendicular to the dominant direction of the crack can generate radial cracks near the main failure surface, while rock samples taken parallel to the dominant direction of the crack can generate more axial cracks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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15 pages, 9052 KiB  
Article
Influence of Mixing Rubber Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Expansive Clay under Freeze–Thaw Cycles
by Zhongnian Yang, Zhenxing Sun, Xianzhang Ling, Guojun Cai, Rongchang Wang and Xiang Meng
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5437; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135437 - 23 Jun 2024
Viewed by 847
Abstract
With the growth of the transportation industry, large volumes of waste tires are being generated, which necessitates the development of effective solutions for recycling waste tires. In this study, expansive clay was mixed with rubber fibers obtained from waste tires. Triaxial tests were [...] Read more.
With the growth of the transportation industry, large volumes of waste tires are being generated, which necessitates the development of effective solutions for recycling waste tires. In this study, expansive clay was mixed with rubber fibers obtained from waste tires. Triaxial tests were conducted on the rubber fiber-reinforced expansive clay after freeze–thaw cycles. The experimental results of the unreinforced expansive clay from previous studies were used to evaluate the effect of mixing rubber fibers on the mechanical properties of rubber fiber-reinforced expansive clay under freeze–thaw cycles. The results demonstrate that the mixing of rubber fibers significantly reduces the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the shear strength and elastic modulus of expansive clay. The shear strength and elastic modulus of the unreinforced expansive clay decrease markedly as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases, while the shear strength and elastic modulus of the rubber fiber-reinforced expansive clay do not exhibit any remarkable change. A calculation model of the deviatoric stress–axial strain curves after freeze–thaw cycles was established. The model describes the deviatoric stress–axial strain behavior of rubber fiber-reinforced expansive clay and unreinforced expansive clay under different confining pressures and different numbers of freeze–thaw cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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13 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
Constitutive Characteristics of Rock Damage under Freeze–Thaw Cycles
by Yaoxin Li, Zhibin Wang, Haiqing Cao and Tingyao Wu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4627; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114627 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 880
Abstract
Freeze–thaw effect is one of the most important environmental conditions that rocks may be subjected to. Through laboratory model tests, the damage characteristics of rocks under the FTC were studied. Based on assuming that the strength of rocks subject to the FTC follows [...] Read more.
Freeze–thaw effect is one of the most important environmental conditions that rocks may be subjected to. Through laboratory model tests, the damage characteristics of rocks under the FTC were studied. Based on assuming that the strength of rocks subject to the FTC follows the Weibull distribution, the cumulative damage variable of the number of FTCs was introduced. A cumulative damage constitutive model of shear strength attenuation of rock that meets the Mohr–Coulomb criterion is established. The rationality and applicability of the proposed damage constitutive model are verified by comparing the results of rock shear strength parameters under cyclic freeze–thaw loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Temperature on Geotechnical Engineering)
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