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Applied Sciences
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Buildings and Structures under Extreme Loads III
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Buildings and Structures under Extreme Loads III

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 7296

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chiara Bedon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Interests: sustainability; numerical simulation; structural analysis; structural dynamics; constructions; finite element analysis; numerical modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Flavio Stochino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
2. Edificio A, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: design of reinforced concrete structures and use of recycled construction materials; analyses of extreme load on structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Filipe Amarante dos Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CERIS and Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: structural health monitoring; numerical analysis; experiments; structural dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exceptional design loads on buildings and structures may have different causes, including high-strain natural hazards, man-made attacks, and accidents, as well as extreme operational conditions (severe temperature variations, humidity, etc.). All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated and refined methods are required for their design, analysis, and maintenance under the expected life-time. Major challenges are related to their structural typology and material properties, with respect to the key features of the imposed design load. Further issues can be derived from the need for the mitigation or retrofit of existing structures, as well as from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no appropriate design recommendations are available, and thus experimental investigations can have a key role within the overall process.

In this Special Issue, we invite the publication of original research studies, review papers, and experimental and/or numerical investigations on the structural performance of buildings and structures (including the analysis at the material, component, or assembly level) under exceptional loads. Both new design projects or the retrofit and mitigation of existing structures will be of interest for the Special Issue.

Dr. Chiara Bedon
Dr. Flavio Stochino
Dr. Filipe Amarante dos Santos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural analysis
  • extreme design loads
  • experiments
  • numerical modelling
  • safety
  • monitoring
  • mitigation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3955 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Progressive Collapse Resistance Mechanism of an RC Frame Structure with an L-Shaped Plane
by Yifei Dai and Lei Qin
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7216; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127216 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1842
Abstract
In order to improve the progressive collapse resistance of an RC frame structure with an L-shaped plane under local component failure, X-tension reinforcement and steel trusses are applied to the progressive collapse resistance design. In this paper, the finite element software MIDAS Gen [...] Read more.
In order to improve the progressive collapse resistance of an RC frame structure with an L-shaped plane under local component failure, X-tension reinforcement and steel trusses are applied to the progressive collapse resistance design. In this paper, the finite element software MIDAS Gen v2.1 is used to establish the RC frame structure with 6-story X-type tension strengthening and the RC frame structure with a steel truss at the top. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and a comparison of the two structures after local structural failure are carried out. The results show that both X-tension reinforcement and steel trusses can improve the integrity of the RC frame structure with an L-shaped plane and reduce the risk of progressive collapse in the event of single-column failure, but the steel trusses have the best effect. After component failure, adding a steel truss to the top layer can transfer the load above the failure column to other columns and reduce some beam resistance, providing a more effective alternative load transfer path for the structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buildings and Structures under Extreme Loads III)
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13 pages, 17415 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of a Flexible Roof Test Model under Ambient Vibrations Measurements
by Fabio Rizzo, Chiara Bedon, Sulyman Mansour, Aleksander Pistol, Maria Francesca Sabbà, Łukasz Flaga, Renata Klaput and Dora Foti
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074135 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Flexible roofs are sensitive to wind actions because they are light, and their deformability can induce local or global instability. In most cases, their design requires experimental wind tunnel testing to investigate the aeroelastic phenomena and the structural response under the wind. However, [...] Read more.
Flexible roofs are sensitive to wind actions because they are light, and their deformability can induce local or global instability. In most cases, their design requires experimental wind tunnel testing to investigate the aeroelastic phenomena and the structural response under the wind. However, the reduced scale necessary in wind tunnels makes the dynamic identification of the test model difficult. Several approaches of multi-modal dynamic identification can be used, even if a specific approach is not defined for geometric nonlinear flexible roofs. Many times, the choice of the position of the sensors is affected by the unknown roof dynamics. This paper investigates the ambient vibration time-dependent accelerations for a flexible roof scaled model through Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and their spatial correlations with the purpose of analyzing the signal structure and its acquisition to perform the dynamic identification of the test model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buildings and Structures under Extreme Loads III)
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13 pages, 2539 KiB  
Article
Development of Daily and Extreme Temperature Estimation Model for Building Structures Based on Raw Meteorological Data
by Jianyu Yang, Yongda Yang, Jiaming Zou and Weijun Yang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11582; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211582 - 15 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1132
Abstract
For building environments, meteorological factors such as daily mean temperature, extreme temperature and seasonal temperature changes, are essential, as they impact building structures significantly. Due to the importance of detailed and accurate temperature data, and taking Beijing, China, as an example, this paper [...] Read more.
For building environments, meteorological factors such as daily mean temperature, extreme temperature and seasonal temperature changes, are essential, as they impact building structures significantly. Due to the importance of detailed and accurate temperature data, and taking Beijing, China, as an example, this paper developed a fast and effective interpolation method to extract hourly meteorological data, based on 30 years’ raw meteorological data. With the interpolated data, this paper defined the extreme weather for buildings. Moreover, a temperature model based on probability and statistical analysis was constructed, and the general climate standard for days and extreme climate for typical days with different return periods were obtained. Furthermore, meteorological models for standard annual temperature were also achieved, reflecting the daily variation and annual variation of temperature, and can provide continuous-numerical-simulation parameters for analyzing daily and annual temperature. According to the daily temperature difference obeys the Gumble Distribution, the daily temperature difference in different return periods and extreme climates is obtained by analysis. Therefore, annual temperature ranges of different recurrence intervals and extreme climate are also achieved, and the annual temperature ranges can be used to analyze the effect of different recurrence intervals and extreme weather on building structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buildings and Structures under Extreme Loads III)
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Review

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17 pages, 4629 KiB  
Review
Effect of Spring-Mass-Damper Pedestrian Models on the Performance of Low-Frequency or Lightweight Glazed Floors
by Chiara Bedon and Filipe A. Santos
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 4023; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13064023 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
For structural design purposes, human-induced loads on pedestrian systems can be described by several simplified (i.e., deterministic equivalent-force models) or more complex computational approaches. Among others, the Spring-Mass-Damper (SMD), Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) model has been elaborated by several researchers to describe [...] Read more.
For structural design purposes, human-induced loads on pedestrian systems can be described by several simplified (i.e., deterministic equivalent-force models) or more complex computational approaches. Among others, the Spring-Mass-Damper (SMD), Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) model has been elaborated by several researchers to describe single pedestrians (or groups) in the form of equivalent body mass m, spring stiffness k and damping coefficient c. For all these literature SMD formulations, it is proved that the biodynamic features of walking pedestrians can be realistically reproduced, with high computational efficiency for vibration serviceability assessment of those pedestrian systems mostly sensitive to human-induced loads (i.e., with vibration frequency f1 < 8 Hz). Besides, the same SMD proposals are characterized by mostly different theoretical and experimental assumptions for calibration. On the practical side, strongly different SMD input parameters can thus be obtained for a given pedestrian. This paper focuses on a selection of literature on SMD models, especially on their dynamic effects on different structural floor systems. Four different floors are explored (F#1 and F#2 made of concrete, F#3 and F#4 of glass), with high- or low-frequency, and/or high- (>1/130th) or low- (1/4th) mass ratio, compared to the occupant. Normal walking scenarios with frequency in the range fp = 1.5–2 Hz are taken into account for a total of 100 dynamic simulations. The quantitative comparison of typical structural performance indicators for vibration serviceability assessment (i.e., acceleration peak, RMS, CREST) shows significant sensitivity to input SMD assumptions. Most importantly, the sensitivity of structural behaviours is observed for low-frequency systems, as expected, but also for low-mass structures, which (as in the case of glazed floor solutions) can be characterized by the use of lightweight modular units with relatively high vibration frequency. As such, major attention can be required for their vibrational analysis and assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buildings and Structures under Extreme Loads III)
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