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Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 27987

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Linsheng Huo

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Guest Editor

School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: smart structures; damage detection; piezoelectric sensors; strain sensors; embedded sensors; nondestructive testing; structural health monitoring; intelligent civil structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Dongdong Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Interests: earthquake engineering; structural dynamics; structural health monitoring; smart materials and structures; wave analysis; ultrasonic wave
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to theoretical, numerical, and experimental research on the safety assessment of structures with respect to seismic excitation. Seismic resistance, ductility capacity, and failure modes are three main issues related to seismic performance assessment. Nonlinear dynamic or static analyses are often employed as numerical approaches for the seismic assessment of structures. In addition, reduced-scale models and large-scale or even full-scale models are used in experiments to assess the seismic performance of structures. With the notable exception of the assessment of structures with consideration of each separately strong earthquake, the assessment for sequential seismic excitations has also received much attention in recent years.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring recent advances in the fields of seismic performance assessment for different structures, including but not limited to buildings or bridges. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcome, as well as comprehensive review and survey papers.

Dr. Linsheng Huo
Dr. Dongdong Chen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

seismic performance assessment
seismic response
nonlinear analysis
response spectrum analysis
damage analysis
pushover analysis
incremental dynamic analysis
fragility analysis
sequential seismic excitations

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5898 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Modeling Technique of Damage Behavior of MaSonry-Infilled RC Frames

by Bo Liu, Chunhui Liu, Xiaomin Wang, Jingchang Kong and Zhiwang Chang

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031521 - 24 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1412

Abstract

The damage pattern of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures in earthquake events is complicated, and understanding the detailed failure behavior of these structures and modeling it accurately has been a challenging task. In this paper, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is introduced to reproduce arbitrary cracks initiating and propagating in concrete frame and masonry units, combined with interface elements to model various behaviors of masonry-infilled RC frames. Within the finite element analysis program FEAP, a user element subroutine is adopted for the incorporation of XFEM and two types of extended finite elements with and without crack tip enrichments are built to simulate the behavior of concrete material for frame members and masonry blocks for the infill panel, respectively. In addition, a macro command is created to check the crack-propagation criterion and update crack and enrichment information. Furthermore, numerical examples are performed with existing test data, which reveal the efficiency of the implementation procedure. A comparison of the analytical and experimental results show that the proposed modeling can be used to predict the crack and failure process and the load-bearing capacity curves of the structures and reflect accurately the interaction of masonry infill and RC frames. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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24 pages, 11884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sloshing of Liquid in a Cylindrical Tank with Multiple Baffles and Considering Soil-Structure Interaction

by Ying Sun, Ding Zhou, Jiadong Wang, Zhenyuan Gu and Wangping Qian

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11841; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211841 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2302

Abstract

In this study, the liquid sloshing in a cylindrical tank considering soil–structure interaction and undergoing horizontal excitation is investigated analytically. Multiple rigid annular baffles are positioned on the rigid wall to mitigate the liquid sloshing. Firstly, combined with the subdomain partition method for sloshing, the complex liquid domain is partitioned into simple subdomains with the single condition for boundary. Based on continuity conditions of velocity and pressure as well as the linear sloshing equation for free surface, the exact solution for convective velocity potential is derived with high accuracy. By yielding the similar hydrodynamic shear and moment as those of the original system, a mechanical model is developed to describe continuous sloshing, and parameters of the model are given in detail. Then, by means of the least squares approach, the Chebyshev polynomials are utilized to fit impedances for the circular surface foundation. A lumped parameter model is employed to represent influences of soil on the superstructure. Finally, by using the substructure method, a coupling model of the soil–tank system is developed to simplify the dynamic analysis. Comparison investigations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the model. Detailed sloshing characteristics and dynamic responses of sloshing are analyzed with regard to different baffle sizes and positions as well as soil parameters, respectively. The novelty of the present study is that an equivalent analytical model for the soil–foundation–tank–liquid system with multiple baffles is firstly obtained and it allows the dynamic behaviors of the coupling system to be investigated with high computation efficiency and acceptable accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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19 pages, 40623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Damage Assessment of Shear Wall Structures in an Earthquake–Blast Disaster Chain

by Zhaoyu Xue, Linsheng Huo, Peiyu Ying and Hongnan Li

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11781; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211781 - 19 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2233

Abstract

Shear wall structures are widely used in civil engineering, and their seismic design has been the focus of much attention. Explosions can result from the rupture and ignition of gas pipelines under seismic action, and there are currently no methods to appropriately assess the damage levels of shear wall structures under such hazard chains. Thus, this study provides a two-stage analysis method for the damage assessment of shear wall structures in an earthquake–blast disaster chain. A damage index of the structure is derived to evaluate the damage state. A 12-story shear wall structure is analyzed numerically to demonstrate the proposed assessment method. The results show that the damage state (DS) of the shear wall structure in an earthquake–blast disaster chain can be increased by one or even two levels when explosive loads are introduced following exposure to seismic actions. Therefore, the earthquake–blast disaster chain has an important impact on the response of shear wall structures and warrants further study to find ways that can better protect such structures against similar disasters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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21 pages, 5201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation and Reliability Research of Post-Earthquake Traffic Travel Time Distribution Based on Floating Car Data

by Yongyi Li, Shiqi Wang, Xiaorui Zhang and Mengxing Lv

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 9129; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189129 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1784

Abstract

To carry out the estimation and reliability research of post-earthquake traffic travel time, which has the great influence for efficient allocation of relief materials. By analyzing the relationship among floating vehicle trajectory, target path and road network path, the intermediate parameters of converting floating vehicle trajectory data into target path travel time were defined and improved. In addition, the road damage identification method relying on lane detection is applied for evaluating the damage of road after the earthquake through the image information. Then, Bayesian average adaptive kernel density estimation method was used to estimate the distribution of post-earthquake road travel time, and a new formula for calculating the reliability of road travel time after earthquake was proposed. According to the example simulation and analysis, the proposed post-earthquake road travel time distribution estimation and its reliability are verified. The results show that when the threshold value is determined, the travel time of the path before the earthquake is the most dependable, and with the increase in the earthquake damage index, the travel time of this road section becomes increasingly unreliable. However, after the earthquake, the peak probability density of road travel time distribution weakens, and the overall probability shifts to the direction of long time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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18 pages, 13834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Performance Assessment of Wide Pile-Supported Wharf Considering Soil Slope and Waveform Duration

by Christino Boyke and Takashi Nagao

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7266; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147266 - 19 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1787

Abstract

Pile-supported wharf (PSW) is one of the primary port structures and is often damaged by earthquakes. To mitigate the risk of seismic damage to a PSW, its seismic performance should be thoroughly assessed. This study aimed to examine the impact of ground displacement on the seismic performance of PSW with a mild soil slope. We performed soil-structure system finite element analysis targeting a wide PSW. The analysis is divided into two scenarios. In the first scenario, the PSW was modeled without regard for the soil slope, whereas the second scenario considered the soil slope. Two waveforms that matched the target spectral acceleration were used to study the effects of the waveform duration on the seismic response of PSW. The analysis results revealed substantial influences of soil slope displacement as well as differences in waveforms on PSW’s seismic performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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22 pages, 5143 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fiber Model Considering the Local Instability Effect and Its Application to the Seismic Analysis of Eccentrically Compressed Steel Piers

by Hanqing Zhuge, Xianglong Zheng, Fangyuan Song and Zhanzhan Tang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5838; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125838 - 8 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

To propose a seismic response calculation model for eccentrically compressed steel piers that can consider the local instability effect and horizontal bidirectional earthquake actions, in-plane and out-of-plane pseudo-static numerical simulation and bidirectional seismic response analysis are performed to study the applicability of the improved fiber model. The comparison results with the refined hybrid-element model show that the improved fiber model can accurately simulate the hysteretic performance of eccentrically compressed steel piers in the in-plane or out-of-plane directions and can be used to calculate the structural seismic requirements under the bidirectional action of rarely met earthquakes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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17 pages, 3771 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Grout Compactness on the Tensile Behavior of Grouted Splice Sleeve Connectors

by Zhangrong Zhang, Shaofei Jiang, Wanxia Cai and Chunming Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4595; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094595 - 1 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1867

Abstract

The quality of grouted sleeve has a significant influence on the performance of the sleeve splice. Incompactness of the infilled grout is inevitable in sleeve grouting. To investigate the tensile behavior of grouted splice sleeves due to different grout compactness, monotonic tensile tests on grouted splice sleeve connectors were performed at grout compactness of 100%, 90%, 70%, and 50%, respectively. The bond-slip analytical model of rebar-grout was deduced by fitting the tensile test data, and the formula for the tensile capacity of the grouted splice sleeve was proposed in the paper. The results show that the tensile strength of the splice sleeve reduces as the grout compactness decreases. It was found from the experiment that the calculated values of tensile capacity are in good agreement with the experimental values. The proposed formula can be adopted in determining whether reinforcing remedies or re-grouting should be taken in the case of incompact grout in grouted splice sleeve connectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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19 pages, 1547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Probabilistic Framework for Robustness Quantification of Precast Concrete Frames under Seismic Loading

by Yihua Zeng, Yan Huang and Zeyang Sun

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3814; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083814 - 10 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1601

Abstract

Structural robustness is the property of a structure to resist accidental events such as explosions, impacts and earthquakes. In the design field of structural engineering, structural robustness has attained unprecedented significance in the present design environment. This paper presents a probabilistic framework for the robustness quantification of precast concrete frames under seismic loading. After the essences of structural robustness and the philosophy of robustness quantification are examined, the probabilistic framework is developed by investigating the relationship between the failure of structural components and the failure of structural systems. Its process consists of the identification of the relationship, the uncertainty characterization, the reliability and the robustness indices formulations. The proposed probabilistic framework is demonstrated to be feasible and effective in quantifying the robustness of precast concrete frame structures by employing an example illustration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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20 pages, 6884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incremental Dynamic Analysis Considering Main Aftershock of Structures Based on the Correlation of Maximum and Residual Inter-Story Drift Ratios

by Jiting Qu and Chuyun Pan

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2042; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042042 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2557

Abstract

Aftershocks often occur after strong earthquakes and aggravate structural damage. Commonly, the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) considering the main aftershocks only used a single index such as the maximum or the residual inter-story drift ratio. However, results of IDA using different indices may suggest that a structure has collapsed but is still repairable, which is not realistic. Given these shortcomings, this paper proposes selecting two indices in the IDA method based on the correlation between the maximum and the residual inter-story drift ratio, considering the main aftershocks. The influence of the double-indices model on the structural vulnerability analysis was discussed by establishing a commercial building in SAP2000 software, and single-index and double-index IDA were carried out, respectively. The joint distribution probability of the two indices under fixed seismic intensity was also calculated. The difference between the single-index and double-index IDA results was compared considering both the main shock and the main aftershock. The results showed that the effect of aftershocks would improve the correlation coefficient between the maximum and the residual inter-story drift ratio, and the building model has a higher probability of overrun after considering the correlation of the two indices. This paper provides a new method for IDA and vulnerability analysis using multiple indices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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24 pages, 51488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quantification of the Seismic Behavior of a Steel Transmission Tower Subjected to Single and Repeated Seismic Excitations Using Vulnerability Function and Collapse Margin Ratio

by Moustafa Moufid Kassem, Salmia Beddu, Wong Qi Min, Chee Ghuan Tan and Fadzli Mohamed Nazri

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1984; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041984 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4131

Abstract

Transmission towers are a vital lifeline for modern living and are crucial structures that must remain operational even after a seismic event. However, the towers are largely designed to withstand the effects of wind alone and not earthquakes, and the seismic influences on tower design and construction have hitherto been ignored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seismic performance of a latticed steel transmission tower-line system that is subjected to a variety of seismic situations (Far-Field, Near-Field and Repeated Earthquakes) using probabilistic vulnerability functions and Collapse Margin Ratios in accordance with FEMA-P695. Nonlinear Time History Analyses were performed by incorporating an array of 36 strong ground motions to develop the Incremental Dynamic Analysis and to generate the fragility functions for three performance limit states as referenced in FEMA 356. The results showed that the single event seismic performance of the tower is better than its performance after multiple ground motions owing to aftershock impact, while near-field excitations led to greater susceptibility and fragility than far-field scenarios. Thus, near-field ground motion is more harmful to the tower and could result in its failure or collapse with only a small reduction in damage relative to the impact of the aftershock. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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21 pages, 11723 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Step-by-Step Probabilistic Seismic Soil–Structure Interaction Analysis with Ground Motion Incoherency for a Bridge Pier on Bored Pile Foundations

by Mircea Conțiu, Dan Mircea Ghiocel, Dan Crețu and Marius Florin Botiș

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1828; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041828 - 10 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3161

Abstract

In current design practice, typical seismic design of bridges tends to use simplified approaches. On the opposite side, the most advanced seismic analyses currently used in practice in all the fields of structural engineering are probably the ones used for the design of nuclear facilities, which include soil–structure interaction and motion incoherency effects. From that category, the most modern methodology is the probabilistic approach, which has been added to the new ASCE 4 standard. This type of state-of-the-art analysis is carried out in ACS SASSI software on a typical concrete bridge structure with deep foundations. A comparison of the results with the deterministic SSI approach and the typical Eurocode design from previous studies is presented at the end. Major differences in behavior are highlighted, which impact the overall safety of the structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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15 pages, 2856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficient Moment-Independent Sensitivity Analysis of Uncertainties in Seismic Demand of Bridges Based on a Novel Four-Point-Estimate Method

by Xingyu Li, Ying Lei and Lijun Liu

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10405; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110405 - 5 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1870

Abstract

Moment-independent importance (MII) analysis is known as a global sensitivity measurement in qualifying the influence of uncertainties, which is taken as a crucial step towards seismic performance analysis. Most MII analysis is based on Monte Carlo simulation, which leads to a high computational cost since a large number of nonlinear time history analyses are required to obtain the probability density function. To address this limitation, this study presents a computational efficient MII analysis to investigate the uncertain parameters in the seismic demands of bridges. A modified four-point-estimate method is derived from Rosenblueth’s two-point-estimate method. Thus, the statistical moments of a bridge’s seismic demands can be obtained by several sampling points and their weights. Then, the shifted generalized lognormal distribution method is adopted to estimate the unconditional and conditional probability density functions of seismic demands, which are used for the MII analysis. The analysis of seismic demands based on piers and bearings in a finite element model of a continuous girder bridge is taken as a validation example. The MII measures of the uncertain parameters are estimated by just several nonlinear time history analyses at the point-estimate sampling points, and the results by the proposed method are compared with those found by Monte Carlo simulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Performance Assessment for Structures)

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