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Atmosphere
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Gas Emissions from Soil
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Gas Emissions from Soil

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 2775

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Caiqing Qin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Global Environmental Change, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710100, China
Interests: wet deposition; global carbon cycle; greenhouse gases; climate change and anthropogenic disturbances; isotope geochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the agricultural sector, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), are increasing globally as a result of anthropogenic activities, and they are mainly responsible for changing Earth’s climate by absorbing and re-emitting energy from the lower atmosphere. The production of such gases in response to interactions between chemical and physical processes in soils represents a natural biological activity. CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions are produced in soil aerobic conditions, soil anaerobic conditions, and nitrification and denitrification processes of mineral N, respectively. Human intervention, especially through changing land use, and the steady increase in gas throughout the twentieth century have caused an increase in emissions of all three trace gases. Although these gases are usually emitted from soils, they can also be absorbed by soils in certain circumstances. Such gaseous exchanges have a clear geographical element that must be integrated with an understanding of pedology and of the environmental background, in order to provide a full comprehension of the complex problems involved. Understanding the relevant soil processes will enable the introduction of measures to limit emissions and lessen their effect. Agricultural and forestry activities are potential sources of GHG emissions to the atmosphere produced as a result of soil biological processes. More knowledge on the biological processes that promote GHG emissions from soil, as well as on their relation with different types of soil management and use, will allow the creation of new opportunities for agricultural development under environmentally friendly conditions. I would like to invite everyone studying greenhouse gas emissions in agroecosystems to contribute their papers to this Special Issue.

Dr. Caiqing Qin
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • soil conditions
  • gas emissions from soils
  • processes of edaphon
  • land use change
  • global climate change
  • greenhouse gases

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2501 KiB  
Article
Impact of Crop Type and Soil Characteristics on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Latvian Agricultural Systems
by Karlis Memgaudis, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva and Kristine Valujeva
Atmosphere 2024, 15(12), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121404 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 35
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of crop type and soil characteristics on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Latvian agriculture, offering insights directly relevant to policymakers and practitioners focused on sustainable land management. From 2020 to 2023, emissions were monitored across four agricultural sites [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of crop type and soil characteristics on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Latvian agriculture, offering insights directly relevant to policymakers and practitioners focused on sustainable land management. From 2020 to 2023, emissions were monitored across four agricultural sites featuring different crop rotations: blueberry monoculture, continuous maize cropping, winter barley–winter rapeseed rotation, and spring barley–bean–winter wheat–fallow rotation. Results indicate that GHG emissions vary widely depending on crop and soil type. CO2 emissions varied significantly based on both crop and soil type, with organic soils under maize cultivation in Mārupe averaging 184.91 kg CO2 ha−1 day−1, while mineral soils in Bērze under spring barley emitted 60.98 kg CO2 ha−1 day−1. Methane absorption was highest in well-aerated mineral soils, reaching 6.11 g CH4 ha−1 day−1 in spring barley fields in Auce. Maize cultivation contributed the highest N2O emissions, reaching 33.15 g N2O ha−1 day−1. These findings underscore that targeted practices, like optimized crop rotation and fertilizer use, can substantially reduce GHG emissions. Climate variability across locations affects soil moisture and temperature, but these factors were statistically controlled to isolate the impacts of crop type and soil characteristics on emissions. This study provides valuable data to inform sustainable agricultural policies and help achieve EU climate goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Soil)
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8 pages, 1135 KiB  
Article
Effect of Seedling Rates on Crop Yield and Methane Emissions from Rice Paddies
by Qiping Chen, Hao Li, Hexian Huang and Wei Wang
Atmosphere 2024, 15(11), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111342 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 329
Abstract
Agricultural strategies are urgently needed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions without reducing crop yield. Seedling rate per hill will affect the quantity and quality of tillers, which may affect rice yield and CH4 emissions. Therefore, it is hypothesized that high yields with [...] Read more.
Agricultural strategies are urgently needed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions without reducing crop yield. Seedling rate per hill will affect the quantity and quality of tillers, which may affect rice yield and CH4 emissions. Therefore, it is hypothesized that high yields with low yield-scaled CH4 emissions could be achieved with optimal seedling rate per hill. A field experiment was conducted with three densities (low seedling rate, LSR; moderate seedling rate, MSR; and high seedling rate, HSR) for two consecutive rice seasons. The CH4 fluxes were determined by the static chamber–GC method. The results showed no significant differences in rice yields, seasonal CH4 emissions, or yield-scaled CH4 emissions between the three treatments. For early rice, the HSR tended to achieve high yield without increasing yield-scaled CH4 emissions. As for late rice, the MSR showed similar rice yield, and tended to have lower yield-scaled CH4 emissions in comparison with the HSR. The results suggest that choosing an appropriate seedling rate per hill to increase grain yield while maintaining lower or comparable yield-scaled CH4 emissions can be a promising option to reduce CH4 emissions from rice paddies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Soil)
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11 pages, 3547 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Thickness of Freezing of the Soil Surface and Snow Cover on Methane Emissions during Freezing of Seasonal Permafrost
by Chenzheng Li, Anatoly V. Brouchkov, Viktor G. Cheverev, Andrey V. Sokolov and Bicheng Zhou
Atmosphere 2024, 15(10), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101231 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 510
Abstract
Methane, a type of greenhouse gas, poses considerable concern for humans. This study uses field experiments and satellite measurements to explore methane emission mechanisms during the freezing of seasonal permafrost and the contributing factors. In the transitional seasons of autumn and winter, as [...] Read more.
Methane, a type of greenhouse gas, poses considerable concern for humans. This study uses field experiments and satellite measurements to explore methane emission mechanisms during the freezing of seasonal permafrost and the contributing factors. In the transitional seasons of autumn and winter, as soil begins to freeze, methane emissions surge dramatically in a brief period. During this phase, the emissions peak, enabling the soil to accumulate over 9000 mg/m3 of methane rapidly. Snow cover also plays a crucial role in mitigating methane emissions. The porous nature of a sufficiently thick snow cover aids in temporarily trapping methane through a stratified blocking process, effectively matching the inhibitory capability of unfrozen soil. In comparison to unfrozen soil (54–237 mg/m3), snow cover can suppress methane emissions up to 20 times more, reducing emissions by as much as 3399 mg/m3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Soil)
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26 pages, 6836 KiB  
Article
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Cranberry and Highbush Blueberry Plantations on Former Peat Extraction Fields Compared to Active Peat Extraction Fields and Pristine Peatlands in Latvia
by Arta Bārdule, Raitis Normunds Meļņiks, Zaiga Anna Zvaigzne, Dana Purviņa, Ilona Skranda, Oleg Prysiazhniuk, Oksana Maliarenko and Andis Lazdiņš
Atmosphere 2024, 15(9), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091102 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1195
Abstract
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4), particularly those from organic soils, need to be reduced in the context of climate change mitigation (CCM). Here, we estimated the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from [...] Read more.
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4), particularly those from organic soils, need to be reduced in the context of climate change mitigation (CCM). Here, we estimated the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from nutrient-poor organic soils in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) plantations established on former peat extraction fields compared to active peat extraction fields and pristine raised bogs in Latvia. A two-year study (2016–2018) was conducted using the manual closed chamber method. In berry plantations and active peat extraction fields, annual net CO2 fluxes contributed the most to total GHG emissions, accounting for over 67%, and temperature had the most significant impact on CO2 fluxes. Conversely, annual CH4 fluxes were the primary contributor to total net GHG emissions in the pristine raised bog, which simultaneously acted as a slight CO2 sink. N2O fluxes were relatively low among all studied land use types. This study provided quantitative insights into the variation in GHG fluxes and the environmental variables influencing them, and the obtained data are valuable to estimate the impact of the establishment of berry plantations on former peat extraction fields on CCM in the hemiboreal region of Europe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Emissions from Soil)
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