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Atmosphere
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Influence of Weather Conditions on Agriculture
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Influence of Weather Conditions on Agriculture

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2024) | Viewed by 6887

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mahesh Lal Maskey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Water Systems Management Lab, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95340, USA
Interests: hydrology; fractals; climate change; agriculture; hydro economic; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Along with ongoing climate change and the anticipated severe climate impact on existing agriculture, understanding physical connections and interactions between weather/climate and agriculture is crucial for minimizing a lack of water and food security caused by increased urbanization, population growth, and changing land use around the world. Moreover, weather variability encompasses a large amount of uncertainty that precludes sustainable agriculture management through modeling and practical efforts. For instance, crop failure at any scale is an example of extreme weather, while stakeholders cannot address the complex and intertwined mechanisms behind local and global weather processes that undermine the identification of simple adaptation levers to help improve the resilience of agricultural production.

Regarding developing relevant policies for adaption and mitigation strategies toward sustainable water resource (agricultural) management, food security, and disaster risk management, this Special Issue primarily focuses on modeling, field observation, and data collection and dissemination of essential weather variables and future projections. The implied weather variables are not only limited to precipitation, temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind but also derived and on-site meteorological and biometeorological attributes in spatiotemporal scales such as evapotranspiration and other energy fluxes as well as crop yield and biomass yield.

With the advancement of computational capacities that enhance the performance of agriculture management and cropping systems that mimic weather scenarios in support of food security, this Special Issue is also an avenue for proper instrumentation that suggests proper operational schedules in the field suitable to existing modeling tools. Ultimately, we aim to showcase the most recent techniques in minimizing the impact of weather conditions on agriculture. Accordingly, this Special Issue encourages researchers to disseminate new scientific findings and critical reviews covering the relationships between weather variables and sustainable agriculture management practices around the world. Finally, this issue will also consider statistical and data mining approaches to project potential agricultural management scenarios at various time and space scales and in the future, relying on current and past information. As such, this issue will focus on the role of weather in agriculture implied by the following topics:

  • Agricultural water management;
  • Bioclimatic indices and aridity index;
  • Crop modeling and future projection;
  • Data analysis and interpretation;
  • Earth system dynamics and agriculture;
  • Future climate and weather variability in space and time;
  • Hydrological modeling;
  • Irrigation management;
  • Methodology and potential framework;
  • Micrometeorological instrumentation and dataset dissemination;
  • Remote sensing in agro-ecological modeling
  • Review on climate change impacts on food security;
  • Socioeconomic variability of weather conditions;
  • Statistical and data mining tools for irrigation management;
  • Trend analysis of hydrometeorological parameters;
  • Weather extremes (heat and cold waves, flood, drought and beyond).

Dr. Mahesh Lal Maskey
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agriculture management
  • biometeorology and micrometeorology
  • climate change
  • crop modeling
  • data analysis
  • evapotranspiration modeling
  • irrigation scheduling
  • remote sensing
  • statistics and machine learning
  • weather extremes

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3133 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Different Sowing Dates on the Autumn Development and Yield of Winter Wheat in Central Lithuania
by Arvydas Kanapickas, Ilona Vagusevičienė and Gintarė Sujetovienė
Atmosphere 2024, 15(6), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060738 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Sowing date is a particularly important management option to optimize yields as it determines proper wintering and productivity. During a seven-year field experiment, the response of winter wheat to five different sowing times was studied. The beginning of the dormancy period was determined, [...] Read more.
Sowing date is a particularly important management option to optimize yields as it determines proper wintering and productivity. During a seven-year field experiment, the response of winter wheat to five different sowing times was studied. The beginning of the dormancy period was determined, and the Growing Degree Day (GDD) requirements for the period from sowing to emergence and from emergence to dormancy were assessed. As the sowing date was delayed, the time from sowing to emergence increased. The minimum optimum temperature during the emergence period was about 12 °C, with a heat requirement of about 125–130 GDD for earlier sowings, ensuring that winter wheat germinated successfully and properly prepared for wintering. The heat requirement for later sowings was higher and reached about 180 GDD when the average temperature of this period was about 8 °C. For the late sowing, the period from emergence to dormancy was too short, so winter wheat did not accumulate the required amount of heat, which had a significant impact on yield. The accumulated temperature from emergence to dormancy must be greater than 100 GDD. The obtained values can be applied in other regions or to choose the appropriate wheat sowing time to reduce yield losses under climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Weather Conditions on Agriculture)
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18 pages, 3686 KiB  
Article
Associations between Climate Variability and Livestock Production in Botswana: A Vector Autoregression with Exogenous Variables (VARX) Analysis
by Given Matopote and Niraj Prakash Joshi
Atmosphere 2024, 15(3), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030363 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1895
Abstract
The changing climate has a serious bearing on agriculture, particularly livestock production in Botswana. Therefore, studying the relationship between climate and livestock, which at present is largely missing, is necessary for the proper formulation of government policy and interventions. This is critical in [...] Read more.
The changing climate has a serious bearing on agriculture, particularly livestock production in Botswana. Therefore, studying the relationship between climate and livestock, which at present is largely missing, is necessary for the proper formulation of government policy and interventions. This is critical in promoting the adoption of relevant mitigation strategies by farmers, thereby increasing resilience. The aim of this research is to establish associations between climate variability and livestock production in Botswana at the national level. The paper employs time series data from 1970 to 2020 and the Vector Autoregression with Exogenous Variables (VARX) model for statistical analysis. The trend shows that both cattle and goat populations are decreasing. The VARX model results reveal that cattle and goat populations are negatively associated with increasing maximum temperatures. Cattle respond negatively to increased minimum temperatures as well, while goats tend to respond positively, implying that livestock species react differently to climatic conditions due to their distinct features. The results of the roots of the companion matrix for cattle and goat production meet the stability condition as all the eigenvalues lie inside the unit circle. The study recommends further intervention by the government to deal with increasing temperatures, thereby addressing the dwindling populations of goats and cattle, which have significant contributions to the household economies of smallholders and the national economy, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Weather Conditions on Agriculture)
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16 pages, 3674 KiB  
Article
Benchmarking Water-Use Efficiency for Wheat at Leaf and Ecosystem Scales
by Funian Zhao, Jiang Liu, Qiang Zhang, Liang Zhang, Yue Qi and Fei Chen
Atmosphere 2024, 15(2), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020163 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1593
Abstract
The processes coupled with carbon and water exchange are linked to crop assimilation, water consumption, controlling crop growth and development, and ultimately determining crop yield. Therefore, studying the characteristics of crop water constraints and their controlling factors at multiple scales is of great [...] Read more.
The processes coupled with carbon and water exchange are linked to crop assimilation, water consumption, controlling crop growth and development, and ultimately determining crop yield. Therefore, studying the characteristics of crop water constraints and their controlling factors at multiple scales is of great significance for regional and global food production stability and food security. Employing field observations and a comprehensive literature review, this study investigates the maximum water-use efficiency of wheat and its governing factors at both leaf and canopy (ecosystem) scales. The results demonstrate remarkable consistency and well-defined boundaries in maximum water-use efficiency across diverse climate regions and wheat varieties, both at the leaf and agricultural ecosystem scales. At the leaf scale, the maximum water-use efficiency of wheat was 4.5 μg C mg−1 H2O, while for wheat agricultural ecosystems, on a daily scale, the maximum water-use efficiency was 4.5 g C kg−1 H2O. Meanwhile, the maximum water-use efficiency of wheat agricultural ecosystems decreased continuously with increasing time scales, with values of 6.5, 4.5, 3.5, and 2 g C kg−1 H2O for instantaneous, daily, weekly, and monthly scales, respectively. Environmental factors, primarily vapor pressure deficit, light, and soil water content, exert significant control over leaf-level water-use efficiency. Similarly, the maximum water-use efficiency of agricultural ecosystems fluctuates in response to daily variations in meteorological elements. C3 crops like wheat exhibit remarkable resilience in their carbon–water exchange patterns across diverse environmental conditions. The findings in the current research can serve as a reference for improving crop water-use efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Weather Conditions on Agriculture)
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15 pages, 1686 KiB  
Article
Nitrous Oxide Emissions during Cultivation and Fallow Periods from Rice Paddy Soil under Urea Fertilization
by Okjung Ju, Namgoo Kang, Hoseup Soh, Jung-Soo Park, Eunjung Choi and Hyuncheol Jeong
Atmosphere 2024, 15(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020143 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1623
Abstract
Rice cultivation serves as a significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Although N2O emissions remain relatively small compared to CH4 emissions, they are remarkably affected by nitrogen-fertilized soil conditions during rice cultivation. [...] Read more.
Rice cultivation serves as a significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Although N2O emissions remain relatively small compared to CH4 emissions, they are remarkably affected by nitrogen-fertilized soil conditions during rice cultivation. While numerous studies have investigated nitrous oxide emissions in response to nitrogen fertilization, existing research assessing nitrous oxide emissions based on nitrogen fertilizer levels has often been limited to cultivation periods. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive analyses covering the entire year, including the dry periods, to address nitrous oxide emissions as an important source throughout the entire agricultural cycle. In this case study, we investigated the characteristics of N2O emissions in a central region of South Korea, where a single rice-cropping cycle occurs annually over a span of three whole years, from May 2020 to May 2023. We investigated the impact of variations in temperature and soil moisture on N2O emissions during rice cultivation and fallow periods. In this context, we attempted to discover the complex dynamics of N2O emissions by comparing longer fallow periods with the rice cultivation periods and extended non-dry periods with irrigated periods. We discovered that the greater contribution of cumulative N2O emissions during the fallow period made a much greater contribution (up to approximately 90%) to the whole-year N2O emissions than those during the rice cultivation period. During the fallow period from rice harvest to rice planting in the following year, variations in N2O emissions were associated with high-flux events after rainy periods on dry soils. This highlights the considerable influence of soil moisture content and weather conditions on N2O emissions during the fallow period. This affects high emission events, which in turn significantly impact the cumulative emissions over the entire period. We underscore that assessing N2O emissions solely based on the rice cultivation period would underestimate annual emissions. To prevent underestimation of N2O emissions, periodic gas collection throughout a year covering both rice cultivation and fallow phases is required in alignment with the monitoring of different temperature and soil moisture conditions. We captured statistical differences in cumulative N2O emissions due to nitrogen fertilization treatments across the three years. However, no significant difference was observed in the three-year average emissions among the different (one, one-and-a-half, and double) nitrogen fertilization treatments, with the exception of the control treatment (no fertilization). Based on the findings, we recommend at least three whole-year evaluations to ensure the estimation accuracy of N2O emissions under different nitrogen fertilization conditions. The findings from this study could help prepare the further revision or refinement of N2O emission factors from rice cultivation in the national greenhouse gas inventories defined by the inter-governmental panel on climate change (IPCC). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Weather Conditions on Agriculture)
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