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Atmosphere
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Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration
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Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2019) | Viewed by 22186

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Vladimir P. Lukin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: atmospheric turbulence; theory of optical wave propagation and sensing; adaptive optics systems development; coherent turbulence; atmospheric turbulence measurements and models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You know this perfectly well that turbulence as a phenomenon still remains an unsolved scientific problem, both from the point of view of mathematics and from the point of view of physics. At the turn of the millennium, among the ten unsolved problems of the 20th century, the problem of describing the motion of fluid and gas was named. From the standpoint of our journal, we single out the problem of turbulence precisely as the natural state of the atmosphere. For the atmosphere of the Earth, turbulence, as a phenomenon affecting the transfer of heat and angular momentum, remains constant in the list of the most important problems. Many instruments and tools installed in different parts of the world are constantly monitored, collecting data and, thus, providing material for building models and theories. These tools require constant development, their mutual coordination and calibration. Astronomers, geophysicists, acoustics,experts in weather forecasting, they are all constantly associated with the manifestations of this phenomenon, or more correctly, the state of our atmosphere as a gaseous medium, which is in a turbulent state.

In recognition of this milestone, the open-access journal Atmosphere is hosting a Special Issue to showcase current atmospheric turbulence models, measurement capabilities, and results.

Original results, review papers, new measurement equipments, data and turbulence model related to the simulation of turbulent dynamics and interaction, both inside and outside atmosphere, are all welcome contributions.

The main goals are for this Special Issue to be a useful starting point for students, a valuable snapshot of the overarching field for practitioners, and a means of stimulating model interoperability, multidisciplinary collaborations, and new functionality, across the entire hierarchy, from idealized process modeling, to regional, global, fluid-interior, and whole-atmosphere simulations, to planetary operational forecasting.

Sincerely,

Dr. Vladimir Lukin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • historical development of problem
  • Navier-Stokes equation solution
  • turbulence in atmosphere and models
  • Kolmogorov’s and non-Kolmogorov’s turbulence
  • gravity waves and turbulence
  • aerosol and turbulence motion interaction
  • new equipment and inter-calibration
  • astronomical observatory equipment for turbulence monitoring
  • atmospheric turbulence model and analysis
  • urban turbulence
  • coherent turbulence
  • out-door turbulence measurement data
  • planetary turbulence forecasting
  • turbulence in exoplanet atmospheres
  • and welcome other topics along this problem

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2977 KiB  
Article
Determination of the Structural Characteristic of the Refractive Index of Optical Waves in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer with Remote Acoustic Sounding Facilities
by Sergei L. Odintsov, Vladimir A. Gladkikh, Andrei P. Kamardin and Irina V. Nevzorova
Atmosphere 2019, 10(11), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110711 - 14 Nov 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
The structural characteristic of the refractive index of optical waves was calculated from experimental data on the microstructure of the temperature turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. The experimental data were obtained with an acoustic meteorological radar (sodar), ultrasonic anemometer–thermometer, and meteorological temperature [...] Read more.
The structural characteristic of the refractive index of optical waves was calculated from experimental data on the microstructure of the temperature turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. The experimental data were obtained with an acoustic meteorological radar (sodar), ultrasonic anemometer–thermometer, and meteorological temperature profilometer. Estimates of the structural characteristics for different conditions in the atmospheric boundary layer are presented and were compared with model profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration)
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17 pages, 10374 KiB  
Article
Statistical Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ozone Induced by Cut-Off Lows in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere over Northeast Asia
by Dan Chen, Tian-Jiao Zhou, Li-Yun Ma, Chun-Hua Shi, Dong Guo and Li Chen
Atmosphere 2019, 10(11), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110696 - 11 Nov 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a statistical study of the spatiotemporal distribution of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) regions induced by cut-off lows (COLs) over Northeast Asia. The analysis was based on high-resolution ERA-Interim ozone data and Atmospheric [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of a statistical study of the spatiotemporal distribution of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) regions induced by cut-off lows (COLs) over Northeast Asia. The analysis was based on high-resolution ERA-Interim ozone data and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite data for the period from 2005–2015. A total of 186 COL events were detected. The observed ozone distribution revealed an ozone-rich region in the upper troposphere (300 hPa) located around the center of the COLs at the time when COLs reached their maximum intensity. This region corresponds to a region of high potential vorticity (PV). In the middle troposphere (500 hPa), enhanced levels of the ozone were distributed in two regions. The maximum concentration was located to the east of the COLs, and a secondary maximum region was in the center of the COLs. Further analysis revealed that this spatial distribution of ozone in the upper troposphere was affected mainly by decreased tropopause. The ozone was subject to a ‘rotary’ transport process in the middle troposphere, influenced mainly by the anticlockwise circulation of the COLs and the surrounding horizontal wind distribution. The temporal variations in ozone anomalies also revealed the ozone distribution patterns and transport processes. The variation in ozone anomalies implied that the magnitude of the ozone increase was closely related to the evolution of COLs lifecycle. The temporal and spatial distributions of the ozone revealed by the statistical analysis of the AIRS satellite data were overall consistent with those of the ERA-Interim data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration)
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9 pages, 3185 KiB  
Article
Statistics of the Optical Turbulence from the Micrometeorological Measurements at the Baykal Astrophysical Observatory Site
by Artem Shikhovtsev, Pavel Kovadlo, Vladimir Lukin, Victor Nosov, Alexander Kiselev, Dmitry Kolobov, Evgeny Kopylov, Maxim Shikhovtsev and Fedor Avdeev
Atmosphere 2019, 10(11), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110661 - 30 Oct 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3551
Abstract
The paper focuses on the investigations of the optical turbulence structure. The distributions of the repeatability of the structure characteristic of the air refractive index are obtained. A scenario of decreasing the intensity of the optical turbulence in the summer is discussed. Numerical [...] Read more.
The paper focuses on the investigations of the optical turbulence structure. The distributions of the repeatability of the structure characteristic of the air refractive index are obtained. A scenario of decreasing the intensity of the optical turbulence in the summer is discussed. Numerical estimates of this scenario are given. Using classical methods of wavefront analysis, the results of the first studies of the vertical structure of atmospheric turbulence at the Baykal astrophysical observatory site are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration)
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13 pages, 5302 KiB  
Article
Atmospheric Characterization Based on Relative Humidity Control at Optical Turbulence Generator
by Jhonny Villamizar, Manuel Herreño, Omar Tíjaro and Yezid Torres
Atmosphere 2019, 10(9), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090550 - 16 Sep 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2890
Abstract
In atmospheric turbulence, relative humidity has been almost a negligible variable due to its limited effect, compared with temperature and air velocity, among others. For studying the horizontal path, a laser beam was propagated in a laboratory room, and an Optical Turbulence Generator [...] Read more.
In atmospheric turbulence, relative humidity has been almost a negligible variable due to its limited effect, compared with temperature and air velocity, among others. For studying the horizontal path, a laser beam was propagated in a laboratory room, and an Optical Turbulence Generator (OTG) was built and placed along the optical axis. Additionally, there was controlled humidity inside the room and measuring of some physical variables inside the OTG device for determining its effects on the laser beam. The experimental results show the measurements of turbulence parameters C n 2 , l o , and σ I 2 from beam centroids fluctuations, where increases in humidity generated stronger turbulence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration)
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6 pages, 238 KiB  
Article
Temporal Variations of the Turbulence Profiles at the Sayan Solar Observatory Site
by Artem Shikhovtsev, Pavel Kovadlo and Vladimir Lukin
Atmosphere 2019, 10(9), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090499 - 27 Aug 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3298
Abstract
The paper focuses on the development of the method to estimate the mean characteristics of the atmospheric turbulence. Using an approach based on the shape of the energy spectrum of atmospheric turbulence over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the vertical [...] Read more.
The paper focuses on the development of the method to estimate the mean characteristics of the atmospheric turbulence. Using an approach based on the shape of the energy spectrum of atmospheric turbulence over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the vertical profiles of optical turbulence are calculated. The temporal variability of the vertical profiles of turbulence under different low-frequency atmospheric disturbances is considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration)
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16 pages, 3602 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence Characteristics by the Ultrasonic Anemometers and the Calibration Processes
by Victor Nosov, Vladimir Lukin, Eugene Nosov, Andrei Torgaev and Aleksandr Bogushevich
Atmosphere 2019, 10(8), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080460 - 12 Aug 2019
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4961
Abstract
In ultrasonic equipment (anemometers and thermometers), for the measurement of parameters of atmospheric turbulence, a standard algorithm that calculates parameters from temporary structural functions constructed on the registered data is usually used. The algorithm is based on the Kolmogorov–Obukhov law. The experience of [...] Read more.
In ultrasonic equipment (anemometers and thermometers), for the measurement of parameters of atmospheric turbulence, a standard algorithm that calculates parameters from temporary structural functions constructed on the registered data is usually used. The algorithm is based on the Kolmogorov–Obukhov law. The experience of using ultrasonic meters shows that such an approach can lead to significant errors. Therefore, an improved algorithm for calculating the parameters is developed, which allows more accurate estimation of the structural characteristics of turbulent fluctuations, with an error that is not more than 10%. The algorithm was used in the development of a new ultrasonic hardware-software complex, autonomous meteorological complex AMK-03-4, which differs from similar measuring instruments of turbulent atmosphere parameters by the presence of four identical ultrasonic anemometers. The design of the complex allows not only registration of the characteristics of turbulence, but also measurement of the statistical characteristics of the spatial derivatives of turbulent temperature fluctuations and orthogonal components of wind speed along each of the axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. This makes it possible to investigate the space–time structure of turbulent meteorological fields of the surface layer of the atmosphere for subsequent applications in the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and to study turbulent coherent structures. The new measurement data of the spatial derivatives of temperature at stable stratification (at positive Monin–Obukhov parameters) were obtained, at which the behavior of the derivatives was been investigated earlier. In the most part of the interval of positive Monin–Obukhov parameters, the vertical derivative of the temperature is close to a constant value. This fact can be considered as a new significant result in similarity theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements and Calibration)
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