Nutrition, Environment, and Fish Physiology

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2712

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College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Interests: fish; physiology; environment; nutrition; molecular
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interaction between nutrition, environmental factors, and their combined effects play a crucial role in shaping the physiological responses of fish species. This summary aims to explore the intricate relationship between these factors and their impact on the physiological well-being of fish. The scope of this Special Issue encompasses a wide range of physiological processes in fish, including growth, metabolism, immune function, reproduction, and stress responses. It delves into how various nutritional components, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, influence fish physiology. Additionally, it examines how environmental factors like temperature, water quality, salinity, pH, and pollution can modulate these physiological processes. Furthermore, it explores the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between nutrition and the environment, elucidating how they collectively shape fish health and performance. The primary purpose of addressing this Special Issue is to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between nutrition, environment, and fish physiology. By deciphering the underlying mechanisms governing these interactions, researchers aim to optimize aquaculture practices, improve fish welfare, and mitigate the adverse effects of environmental stressors on wild fish populations. Furthermore, insights gained from this research can inform sustainable fishery management strategies and contribute to the conservation of aquatic ecosystems. This Special Issue is closely linked to existing literature on fish physiology, nutrition, and environmental biology. It builds upon foundational studies investigating the individual effects of nutrition and environmental factors on fish health and performance. Moreover, it integrates findings from multidisciplinary research fields, including aquaculture, ecology, toxicology, and biochemistry, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. By synthesizing diverse strands of scientific inquiry, this summary contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the optimization of fish production systems and the preservation of aquatic biodiversity.

Dr. Quanquan Cao
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fish
  • physiology
  • nutrition
  • environment
  • effects
 
 

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5545 KiB  
Article
Large and Small Yellow Croakers Feeding and Living Together Make Large Yellow Croaker Population Recovery Difficult: A Guild Perspective
by Pengyu Cai, Zhenhua Wang, Shouyu Zhang and Jintao Yu
Biology 2024, 13(12), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13120963 - 22 Nov 2024
Abstract
In recent decades, China’s large-scale stock enhancement programs to restore the collapsing large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fishery resources have not yielded the desired results, and a comprehensive analysis of the underlying reasons for this problem is required. Based on small [...] Read more.
In recent decades, China’s large-scale stock enhancement programs to restore the collapsing large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fishery resources have not yielded the desired results, and a comprehensive analysis of the underlying reasons for this problem is required. Based on small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) catch survey data obtained from 15 fishing ports along the coast of the East China Sea, we examined the proportion of large yellow croakers mixed in the small yellow croaker catch and their biological parameters. In addition, we analyzed the differences in the intestinal microbiota and feeding ecology between these two species to explore the reason why the stock enhancement program failed to achieve the desired outcome. The results show that there is a high likelihood of the two species appearing in each other’s ecological niches, and there is a significant overlap in their dietary ecology. They may cohabitate and form a guild. The fishing season targeting the small yellow croaker indirectly catches the large yellow croaker population, which puts huge fishing pressure on large yellow croaker resource and shows obvious overfishing. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and adjust the fishing ban policy and stock enhancement strategies, appropriately reducing the fishing intensity after the fishing ban to facilitate the effective accumulation of resource replenishment effects during the fishing ban period, thus effectively restoring wild large yellow croaker resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Environment, and Fish Physiology)
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16 pages, 3148 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Dietary Arginine Supplementation on Yellow Catfish: From a Low-Temperature Farming Perspective
by Quanquan Cao, Mohamed S. Kisha, Alkhateib Gaafar, Abdelgayed Metwaly Younes, Haifeng Liu and Jun Jiang
Biology 2024, 13(11), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13110881 - 29 Oct 2024
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Abstract
The yellow catfish is an economically significant freshwater fish with increasing importance in aquaculture. However, the low temperature environments prevalent in certain regions pose challenges to its growth, development, and overall health. This study aimed to explore the impact of dietary arginine (Arg) [...] Read more.
The yellow catfish is an economically significant freshwater fish with increasing importance in aquaculture. However, the low temperature environments prevalent in certain regions pose challenges to its growth, development, and overall health. This study aimed to explore the impact of dietary arginine (Arg) addition on the growth, digestive capacity, and intestinal antioxidant response in fish under low temperature acclimation (18 °C). Total 720 fish were randomly distributed into six groups, each containing 120 fish. Over the course of eight weeks, each group was fed with diets about varying Arg concentrations (1.79–3.26 g/kg). The results indicated that Arg supplementation resulted in an increase in specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), as well as pancreatic enzyme activities in both pancreas and intestine. Conversely, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents initially decreased but increased with higher Arg concentrations. Glutathione peroxidase 1a (GPX1a) showed a positive correlation with nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), showing its role in antioxidative capacity. Furthermore, this study revealed that Arg significantly enhanced the activities of anti-superoxide anion, anti-hydroxyl radical, and anti-oxidative enzymes, along with the relative mRNA abundance of Copper-Zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase, GPX1a, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and Nrf2 in the intestine. It was determined that yellow catfish weighing between 61.0 g and 89.0 g require an intake of 26.8 g of Arg per kilogram of diet based on polynomial regression analysis of specific growth rate (SGR), which is equivalent to 37.0 g of dietary protein, under sub-low temperature conditions of 18 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Environment, and Fish Physiology)
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13 pages, 3590 KiB  
Article
Environmental DNA Reveals the Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Spatial Variability of Coastal Fish Diversity
by Nguyen Hong Nhat, Mitsuyo Saito, Shin-ichi Onodera, Mayuko Hamada, Fujio Hyodo and Hideaki Nagare
Biology 2024, 13(8), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080609 - 11 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has recently been recognized as an influential factor in coastal ecosystems; however, little research has been conducted on its effects on coastal fish diversity. To investigate the relationship between SGD and fish diversity, we conducted a survey at the [...] Read more.
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has recently been recognized as an influential factor in coastal ecosystems; however, little research has been conducted on its effects on coastal fish diversity. To investigate the relationship between SGD and fish diversity, we conducted a survey at the coastal island scale using the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. Our findings indicate that fish species richness and functional richness peak at stations with high SGD. Environmental variables, such as salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration, and SGD, significantly influence fish diversity. Carnivore fish richness was negatively correlated with salinity, while planktivore fish richness was positively correlated. Additionally, SGD and DIN concentrations were found to be crucial in shaping omnivorous and pelagic communities, respectively. This study highlights the role of SGD in enhancing nutrient conditions favorable for diverse fish communities and demonstrates the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for rapid marine biodiversity assessment. These findings provide valuable insights for coastal ecosystem monitoring and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Environment, and Fish Physiology)
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Review

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25 pages, 723 KiB  
Review
Can IMTA System Improve the Productivity and Quality Traits of Aquatic Organisms Produced at Different Trophic Levels? The Benefits of IMTA—Not Only for the Ecosystem
by Giusy Rusco, Alessandra Roncarati, Michele Di Iorio, Michela Cariglia, Caterina Longo and Nicolaia Iaffaldano
Biology 2024, 13(11), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13110946 - 18 Nov 2024
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Abstract
IMTA is one of the most innovative and sustainable farming systems, exhibiting the best technique available in rearing aquatic organisms belonging to different positions along the trophic levels. In the literature and in legislation, the environmental benefits of IMTA protocols have been extensively [...] Read more.
IMTA is one of the most innovative and sustainable farming systems, exhibiting the best technique available in rearing aquatic organisms belonging to different positions along the trophic levels. In the literature and in legislation, the environmental benefits of IMTA protocols have been extensively recognized, mainly for its capability to reduce the ecological footprint of intensive aquaculture systems and concretely address the Sustainable Development Goal no. 14 (SDG 14). However, lesser attention is given to the assessments of its role in enhancing the zootechnical performance, animal welfare, and flesh quality of the species involved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that aims to offer a systematic analysis of the existing literature on the main commercial motivations that could draw the attention of stakeholders, including consumers and fish farmers, towards a greater social acceptability and implementation of the IMTA system on a large scale. The findings suggest that, beyond its environmental advantages, IMTA systems can positively influence the productivity, growth, survival, feed efficiency, and animal health and welfare (AH&W), as well as the nutritional quality of the harvested species, thus offering significant economic and market value both in terms of Environmental, Societal and Governance (ESG) parameters and One Health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Environment, and Fish Physiology)
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