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Biology
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Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds
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Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3647

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Davide Tagliazucchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: molecular nutrition; phenolic compounds; biological activity; colon metabolism; diabetes; mass sepctrometry; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alice Cattivelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: phenolic compounds; biological activity; intestinal microbiota; cancer; diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; mass spectrometry; gastrointestinal digestion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with reducing the onset of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Phenolic compounds, abundantly present in these foods, are considered the molecular effectors of these health-promoting effects. A growing body of evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggests that a high intake of these compounds may be protective against several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. The health effects of phenolic compounds are related to their biological properties, including their ability to interact with enzymes and metabolic pathways involved in human pathologies, beyond their antioxidant properties.

Once ingested, phenolic compounds must be released from the food matrix to make them available for intestinal absorption. Only a small portion of ingested phenolic compounds is absorbed at the intestinal level, while most of them reach the colon, fundamentally modified by the colonic flora, producing low-molecular-weight metabolites that are further absorbed, reaching the systemic circulation. Additionally, endogenous metabolism at intestinal and hepatic levels may further modify the structure of phenolic compounds. Therefore, not only the parent phenolic compounds found in vegetables but also endogenous and colonic metabolites may be responsible for the protective effects of these molecules on human health.

This Special Issue aims to collect research and review articles encompassing all the aspects related to the gastrointestinal fate, absorption, metabolism, gut microbiota interaction, and health properties of phenolic compounds and their metabolites. Both in vivo and in vitro studies on these topics are welcomed. The scope of this Special Issue is to contribute to advancing scientific research in an exciting and rapidly growing field of research with significant implications for human health.

Dr. Davide Tagliazucchi
Dr. Alice Cattivelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phenolic compounds
  • gut microbiota
  • metabolism
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cancer
  • anti-proliferative activity
  • bioavailability
  • bioaccessibility

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4077 KiB  
Article
Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
by Alice Cattivelli, Melissa Zannini, Maddalena De Angeli, Domenico D’Arca, Vincenzo Minischetti, Angela Conte and Davide Tagliazucchi
Biology 2024, 13(12), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13121081 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 587
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of flavonoids is of paramount importance in determining their bioavailability and biological effects. Bioaccessibility is influenced by several aspects, comprising the food matrix and the structure of flavonoids. In the present study, the bioaccessibility of different classes of flavonoids (flavanones, flavones, [...] Read more.
The bioaccessibility of flavonoids is of paramount importance in determining their bioavailability and biological effects. Bioaccessibility is influenced by several aspects, comprising the food matrix and the structure of flavonoids. In the present study, the bioaccessibility of different classes of flavonoids (flavanones, flavones, and flavonols) was investigated after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion of beverages and vegetables. O-glycosylated flavanones were stable during in vitro digestion and easily released from the food matrix. Otherwise, C-glycosylated flavanones displayed a lower bioaccessibility index. Similarly, flavones exhibited a high bioaccessibility index in beverages and vegetables, with the O-glycosylated forms being more stable than the C-glycosylated. Flavonols displayed different stability under gastro-intestinal conditions depending on their structure. The presence of a catechol moiety in the B-ring, as observed in 3-O-glycosylated quercetins, negatively impacted flavonol stability in comparison with kaempferol derivatives that lack the catechol moiety. Indeed, the presence of more than one sugar or the glycosylation of the OH group in the B-ring improved the digestive stability of quercetin derivatives. For flavonols, a clear food matrix effect was observed by comparing the bioaccessibility in beverages and vegetable foods. These findings may aid in improving the comprehension of the biological effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds)
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16 pages, 2298 KiB  
Article
Isoliquiritigenin Prevents the Development of Nephropathy by an HFD in Rats Through the Induction of Antioxidant Production and Inhibition of the MD-2/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway
by Mohammed Abdo Yahya, Ghedeir M. Alshammari, Magdi A. Osman, Laila Naif Al-Harbi and Setah Naif Alotaibi
Biology 2024, 13(12), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13120984 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 746
Abstract
This study tested the ISL against renal damage induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and explored its underlying mechanisms. Adult male rats were assigned to four groups: (1) control on a standard diet (STD), (2) ISL on STD (30 mg/kg), (3) HFD, and [...] Read more.
This study tested the ISL against renal damage induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and explored its underlying mechanisms. Adult male rats were assigned to four groups: (1) control on a standard diet (STD), (2) ISL on STD (30 mg/kg), (3) HFD, and (4) HFD + ISL (30 mg/kg). After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, ISL treatment led to significant reductions in body weight gain, visceral fat, and glucose and insulin levels in HFD-fed rats. Notably, ISL decreased serum urea and creatinine, increased serum albumin, and improved urinary profiles by lowering the urinary albumin and the albumin/creatinine ratio. Histological analyses revealed that ISL enhanced the glomerular structure and mitigated tubular damage, as evidenced by reduced urinary excretion of the kidney injury markers NGAL and KIM-1. Additionally, ISL significantly lowered cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in both the control and HFD groups while also decreasing oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Importantly, ISL enhanced renal antioxidant levels, increasing glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, ISL downregulated mRNA levels of MD-2, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and NF-κB, leading to reduced NF-κB p65 levels in renal tissues. In conclusion, ISL offers substantial protection against HFD-induced renal toxicity through mechanisms that attenuate metabolic stress, enhance antioxidant defenses, and inhibit the MD-2/TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds)
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15 pages, 3107 KiB  
Article
Resveratrol and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Regulate Lipid Metabolism by Activating the AMPK Pathway in Hepatocytes
by Huanbin Wang, Yu An, Shahid Ali Rajput and Desheng Qi
Biology 2024, 13(6), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13060368 - 23 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1672
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Res and EGCG on cell growth, cellular antioxidant levels, and cellular lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. In this experiment, leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells were used as hepatocytes. The results showed that 6.25–25 [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Res and EGCG on cell growth, cellular antioxidant levels, and cellular lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. In this experiment, leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells were used as hepatocytes. The results showed that 6.25–25 μM Res and EGCG had no adverse effects on cell viability and growth. Meanwhile, with the increasing dosage of Res and EGCG, the contents of total cholesterol (TC), total glyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatocytes decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) increased significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, western blot results showed that Res and EGCG could significantly increase the expression of p-AMPK protein and reduce the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) protein in hepatocytes (p < 0.05). Moreover, q-PCR results showed that with the increase in Res and EGCG, the expression of cholesterol- and fatty acid synthesis-related genes decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Res and EGCG can increase the antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes and reduce the synthesis of TC and TG in hepatocytes by activating AMPK, thereby regulating lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds)
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