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Biology
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Extracellular Vesicles from Health to Disease: Positive or Negative Benefits
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Extracellular Vesicles from Health to Disease: Positive or Negative Benefits

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 9647

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tommaso Neri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UO Pneumologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: extracellular vesicles; mechanism underlying extracellular vesicles generation; intercellular communication; inflammatory markers; miRNAs; inflammation; coagulation; lung diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dario Nieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UO Pneumologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: extracellular vesicles; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; lung inflammation; thrombosis, endotypes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Erica Bazzan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanita' Pubblica, Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
Interests: extracellular vesicles; inflammatory markers; miRNAs; cell inflammation; lung diseases; alveolar macrophages polarization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

“Extracellular vesicles (EV)” is a wide term that includes many different types of vesicles, secreted into the extracellular environment by virtually all cell types. Indeed, EVs have been found in different biological fluids, such as blood, milk, saliva, tears, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, where they transport different molecules, including mRNA, microRNA, proteins, and lipids, primarily involved in intercellular communication and fundamental biological pathways, like inflammation or coagulation. Exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, collectively termed EV, have recently attracted much interest because of their functions in health and disease, their potential role as biomarkers and possible therapeutic exploitation. Due to its enormous relevance, this relatively new field of research is quickly expanding. For this Special Issue, we invite researchers to contribute with either original research (both in vivo or in vitro studies) or review articles focusing on the potential role of EV in pathophysiological mechanisms and their relevance as diseases biomarkers or as therapeutic tools.

Dr. Tommaso Neri
Dr. Dario Nieri
Dr. Erica Bazzan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • microparticles
  • EV mechanisms of action
  • biomarkers
  • EV in diseases
  • EV as therapeutic tools

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

17 pages, 2074 KiB  
Article
Head-to-Head Comparison of Tissue Factor-Dependent Procoagulant Potential of Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Marta Brambilla, Roberto Frigerio, Alessia Becchetti, Alessandro Gori, Marina Cretich, Maria Conti, Antonella Mazza, Martino Pengo and Marina Camera
Biology 2023, 12(9), 1233; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12091233 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1609
Abstract
The relative contribution of small (sEVs) and large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) to the total plasma procoagulant potential is not yet well defined. Thus, we compared total and TFpos-sEVs and -lEVs isolated from healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients during the acute phase [...] Read more.
The relative contribution of small (sEVs) and large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) to the total plasma procoagulant potential is not yet well defined. Thus, we compared total and TFpos-sEVs and -lEVs isolated from healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients during the acute phase of the infection and after symptom remission in terms of (1) vesicle enumeration using nanoparticle tracking assay, imaging flow cytometry, and TF immunofluorescence localization in a single-vesicle analysis using microarrays; (2) cellular origin; and (3) TF-dependent Xa generation capacity, as well as assessing the contribution of the TF inhibitor, TFPI. In healthy subjects, the plasma concentration of CD9/CD63/CD81pos sEVs was 30 times greater than that of calceinpos lEVs, and both were mainly released by platelets. Compared to lEVs, the levels of TFpos-sEVs were 2-fold higher. The TF-dependent Xa generation capacity of lEVs was three times greater than that of sEVs, with the latter being hindered by TFPI. Compared to HSs, the amounts of total and TFpos-sEVs and -lEVs were significantly greater in acute COVID-19 patients, which reverted to the physiological values at the 6-month follow-up. Interestingly, the FXa generation of lEVs only significantly increased during acute infection, with that of sEV being similar to that of HSs. Thus, in both healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients, the TF-dependent procoagulant potential is mostly sustained by large vesicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Health to Disease: Positive or Negative Benefits)
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12 pages, 747 KiB  
Article
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke Severity
by Angelica Carandina, Chiara Favero, Roberto Maria Sacco, Mirjam Hoxha, Giuseppe Torgano, Nicola Montano, Valentina Bollati and Eleonora Tobaldini
Biology 2022, 11(10), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11101489 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2946
Abstract
The possibility of characterizing the extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on parental cell surface markers and their content makes them a new attractive prognostic biomarker. Thus, our study aims to verify the role of EVs as relevant prognostic factors for acute and mid-term outcomes [...] Read more.
The possibility of characterizing the extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on parental cell surface markers and their content makes them a new attractive prognostic biomarker. Thus, our study aims to verify the role of EVs as relevant prognostic factors for acute and mid-term outcomes in ischemic stroke. Forty-seven patients with acute ischemic stroke were evaluated at admission (T0), immediately after recanalization treatment or after 2 h in non-treated patients (T1) and after one week (Tw) using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and after 3 months using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Total count and characterization of EVs were assessed by Nanosight analysis and flow cytometry. The relationships between stroke outcomes and EV count were assessed through multivariable negative binomial regression models. We found that the amount of platelet-derived EVs at admission was positively associated with the severity of ischemic stroke at the onset as well as with the severity of mid-term outcome. Moreover, our study revealed that T-cell-derived EVs at admission were positively related to both early and mid-term ischemic stroke outcomes. Finally, T-cell-derived EVs at T1 were positively related to mid-term ischemic stroke outcome. The present study suggests that specific EV subtypes are associated with stroke severity and both short- and long-term outcomes. EVs could represent a valid tool to improve risk stratification in patients with ischemic stroke and post-recanalization treatment monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Health to Disease: Positive or Negative Benefits)
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Review

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14 pages, 1053 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Dangerous Liaison?
by Maria Conti, Marianna Minniti, Mariaenrica Tiné, Miriam De Francesco, Roberta Gaeta, Dario Nieri, Umberto Semenzato, Davide Biondini, Marina Camera, Manuel G. Cosio, Marina Saetta, Alessandro Celi, Erica Bazzan and Tommaso Neri
Biology 2023, 12(8), 1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12081099 - 7 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2180
Abstract
The term pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to different conditions, all characterized by increased pressure and resistance in the pulmonary arterial bed. PH has a wide range of causes (essentially, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or connective tissue disorders); however, idiopathic (i.e., without a clear cause) PH [...] Read more.
The term pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to different conditions, all characterized by increased pressure and resistance in the pulmonary arterial bed. PH has a wide range of causes (essentially, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or connective tissue disorders); however, idiopathic (i.e., without a clear cause) PH exists. This chronic, progressive, and sometimes devastating disease can finally lead to right heart failure and eventually death, through pulmonary vascular remodeling and dysfunction. The exact nature of PH pathophysiology is sometimes still unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), previously known as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, are small membrane-bound vesicles that are generated by almost all cell types and can be detected in a variety of physiological fluids. EVs are involved in intercellular communication, thus influencing immunological response, inflammation, embryogenesis, aging, and regenerative processes. Indeed, they transport chemokines, cytokines, lipids, RNA and miRNA, and other biologically active molecules. Although the precise functions of EVs are still not fully known, there is mounting evidence that they can play a significant role in the pathophysiology of PH. In this review, after briefly recapping the key stages of PH pathogenesis, we discuss the current evidence on the functions of EVs both as PH biomarkers and potential participants in the distinct pathways of disease progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Health to Disease: Positive or Negative Benefits)
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15 pages, 1326 KiB  
Review
Chasing the Role of miRNAs in RCC: From Free-Circulating to Extracellular-Vesicle-Derived Biomarkers
by Ilenia Mastrolia, Virginia Catani, Marco Oltrecolli, Stefania Pipitone, Maria Giuseppa Vitale, Valentina Masciale, Chiara Chiavelli, Carlo Augusto Bortolotti, Cecilia Nasso, Giulia Grisendi, Roberto Sabbatini and Massimo Dominici
Biology 2023, 12(6), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060877 - 17 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1959
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second most common cancer of the urinary system. The current therapeutic strategies are based on partial or total nephrectomy and/or targeted therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors to which patients are often refractory. Preventive and screening strategies [...] Read more.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second most common cancer of the urinary system. The current therapeutic strategies are based on partial or total nephrectomy and/or targeted therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors to which patients are often refractory. Preventive and screening strategies do not exist and the few available biomarkers for RCC are characterized by a lack of sensitivity, outlining the need for novel noninvasive and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis and better disease monitoring. Blood liquid biopsy (LB) is a non- or minimally invasive procedure for a more representative view of tumor heterogeneity than a tissue biopsy, potentially allowing the real-time monitoring of cancer evolution. Growing interest is focused on the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by either healthy or tumoral cells and recovered in a variety of biological matrices, blood included. EVs are involved in cell-to-cell crosstalk transferring their mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and protein content. In particular, transferred miRNAs may regulate tumorigenesis and proliferation also impacting resistance to apoptosis, thus representing potential useful biomarkers. Here, we present the latest efforts in the identification of circulating miRNAs in blood samples, focusing on the potential use of EV-derived miRNAs as RCC diagnostic and prognostic markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Health to Disease: Positive or Negative Benefits)
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