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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Aging and Oxidative Stress
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Aging and Oxidative Stress

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 10511

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Juan Gambini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: diet; oxidative stress; longevity; aging; polyphenols
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The term aging refers to the post-maturation processes that lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of homeostasis and an increase in the vulnerability of organisms. It cannot properly be considered a disease, so it must be distinguished from death at an advanced age caused by diseases, such as those of a cardiovascular type, cancer, etc.

Denham Harman (2001) defined aging as the progressive accumulation of changes over time, which causes an individual to increase the probability of disease and death.

One of the most relevant theories to explain aging is the free radical theory of aging, which was initially proposed by Harman in the 1950s. He proposed that oxygen-derived free radicals are responsible for associated oxidative damage in relation to age. Antioxidant systems are not capable of managing all the reactive oxygen species that are continuously generated throughout the life of the cell, which ends up inflicting oxidative damage on it and, by extension, the tissues. There are many experimental tests in favor of this theory, from the observation of higher oxidation indices in old individuals to the observation of increases in longevity due to the increase in antioxidant defenses.

For this reason, in this Special Issue, we intend to compile new studies based on related oxidative stress with respect to aging and associated diseases.

Prof. Dr. Juan Gambini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • longevity
  • aging
  • free radical
  • oxygen radical
  • antioxidant

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1213 KiB  
Article
Is Cataract in Patients under 60 Years Associated with Oxidative Stress?
by Hanna Lesiewska, Alina Woźniak, Paweł Reisner, Krzysztof Czosnyka, Joanna Stachura and Grażyna Malukiewicz
Biomedicines 2023, 11(5), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051286 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as a possible factor in the genesis of cataract. The study aimed to determine the systemic antioxidant status in cataract patients under 60 years. We studied 28 consecutive cataract patients, mean of 53 years (SD = 9.2), a range [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is considered as a possible factor in the genesis of cataract. The study aimed to determine the systemic antioxidant status in cataract patients under 60 years. We studied 28 consecutive cataract patients, mean of 53 years (SD = 9.2), a range of 22–60 and 37 controls. In erythrocytes, activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in contrast with plasma concentrations of vitamin A and E. Conjugated dienes (CD) level and protein carbonyls (PC) concentration were also determined in plasma. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in erythrocytes and plasma were also measured. SOD and GPx activity and vitamin A and E concentrations were lower in cataract patients (p = 0.000511, 0.02, 0.022, and 0.000006, respectively). MDA plasma and erythrocytes concentrations were higher in cataract patients (p = 0.000001 and 0.0000001, respectively). PC concentration was higher in cataract patients than in controls (p = 0.00000013). There were statistically significant correlations between oxidative stress markers both in the cataract patients group as well as in the control group. Cataract incidence in patients under 60 years seems to be accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, as well as antioxidant defense depletion. Thus, supplementation with antioxidants could be beneficial in this group of patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Oxidative Stress)
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Review

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23 pages, 4429 KiB  
Review
Aging in Ocular Blood Vessels: Molecular Insights and the Role of Oxidative Stress
by Xiuting Cui, Francesco Buonfiglio, Norbert Pfeiffer and Adrian Gericke
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040817 - 8 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1736
Abstract
Acknowledged as a significant pathogenetic driver for numerous diseases, aging has become a focal point in addressing the profound changes associated with increasing human life expectancy, posing a critical concern for global public health. Emerging evidence suggests that factors influencing vascular aging extend [...] Read more.
Acknowledged as a significant pathogenetic driver for numerous diseases, aging has become a focal point in addressing the profound changes associated with increasing human life expectancy, posing a critical concern for global public health. Emerging evidence suggests that factors influencing vascular aging extend their impact to choroidal and retinal blood vessels. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of vascular aging on ocular blood vessels and related diseases. Additionally, this study aims to illuminate molecular insights contributing to vascular cell aging, with a particular emphasis on the choroid and retina. Moreover, innovative molecular targets operating within the domain of ocular vascular aging are presented and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Oxidative Stress)
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18 pages, 1654 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk
by Jelena Vekic, Kristine Stromsnes, Stefania Mazzalai, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Manfredi Rizzo and Juan Gambini
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 2897; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112897 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3064
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels of ROS contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage to macromolecules, particularly by oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. One of [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels of ROS contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage to macromolecules, particularly by oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. One of the most prominent features of atherogenic dyslipidemia is plasma accumulation of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, characterized by an increased susceptibility to oxidation. Indeed, a considerable and diverse body of evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies was generated supporting oxidative modification of sdLDL particles as the earliest event in atherogenesis. Lipid peroxidation of LDL particles results in the formation of various bioactive species that contribute to the atherosclerotic process through different pathophysiological mechanisms, including foam cell formation, direct detrimental effects, and receptor-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this paper, we will discuss recent data on the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and atherogenic dyslipidemia and their interplay in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, a special focus will be placed on the clinical applicability of novel, promising biomarkers of these processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Oxidative Stress)
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20 pages, 1211 KiB  
Review
Circulating and Urinary Concentrations of Malondialdehyde in Aging Humans in Health and Disease: Review and Discussion
by Dimitrios Tsikas, Stefanos A. Tsikas, Marie Mikuteit and Stefan Ückert
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2744; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102744 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3021
Abstract
(1) Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major and stable product of oxidative stress. MDA circulates in the blood and is excreted in the urine in its free and conjugated forms, notably with L-lysine and L-serine. MDA is the most frequently measured biomarker of [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major and stable product of oxidative stress. MDA circulates in the blood and is excreted in the urine in its free and conjugated forms, notably with L-lysine and L-serine. MDA is the most frequently measured biomarker of oxidative stress, namely lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress is generally assumed to be associated with disease and to increase with age. Here, we review and discuss the literature concerning circulating and excretory MDA as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation in aging subjects with regard to health and disease, such as kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, and COVID-19. (2) Methods: Scientific articles, notably those reporting on circulating (plasma, serum) and urinary MDA, which concern health and disease, and which appeared in PubMed were considered; they formed the basis for evaluating the potential increase in oxidative stress, particularly lipid peroxidation, as humans age. (3) Results and Conclusions: The results reported in the literature thus far are contradictory. The articles considered in the present study are not supportive of the general view that oxidative stress increases with aging. Many functions of several organs, including the filtration efficiency of the kidneys, are physiologically reduced in men and women as they age. This effect is likely to result in the apparent “accumulation” of biomarkers of oxidative stress, concomitantly with the “accumulation” of biomarkers of an organ’s function, such as creatinine. How free and conjugated MDA forms are transported in various organs (including the brain) and how they are excreted in the urine via the kidney is not known, and investigating these questions should be the objective of forthcoming studies. The age- and gender-related increase in circulating creatinine might be a useful factor to be taken into consideration when investigating oxidative stress and aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Oxidative Stress)
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