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Biomolecules
Special Issues
3D Printing Biological and Medical Application
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3D Printing Biological and Medical Application

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological and Bio- Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 18236

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Davide Cavagnetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Interests: bone regeneration; biomaterials; dental implants; MSCs differentiation; bone substitute materials; biological interfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Federico Mussano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Interests: bone regeneration; biomaterials; dental implants; MSCs differentiation; bone substitute materials; biological interfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The remarkable advancements of stem cell biology and progress in biomaterial research are prompting an impressive development of protocols based on regenerative techniques in dentistry. Osteochondral regeneration techniques have evolved rapidly since the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, whose goal is to find new solutions to treat anatomical defects, which can be repaired by 3D printed living tissues, andto overcome the limitations of conventional treatment options by improving biological properties of the grafted tissue. Several techniques of 3D bioprinting have been developed: inkjet, extrusion, and light-based 3D printers are available today. Bioinks, i.e., the printing materials, have also evolved over the years. It seems that these new technologies might be extremely promising for bone regeneration. While in the past, grafts and membranes were used for guided tissue regeneration, technological advancements are now constantly pushing the boundaries further. Thus, new dental techniques are continuously bridging the gap between research and clinical application. As the guest editor of the Special Issue on these topics, which will be published in Biomolecules (MDPI, St Alban-Anlage 66, Basel, Switzerland; IF 2020: 4.879), I would like to invite colleagues who have experience in both the dental and biological fields and who are experts in dental tissue engineering to participate.

This Special Issue aims to serve as a report on the state of the art of basic, translational, and clinical research in the tissue engineering field that can provide fellow dentists and researchers of various specialties with information on regenerative techniques.

The Special Issue will cover but not be limited to the following topics:

  • 3D bioprinting;
  • Bases of bone physiology;
  • Wound healing;
  • Regeneration aspects in periodontal therapy;
  • Regeneration aspects in implantology;
  • Mesenchymal stem cells;
  • State of the art of clinical applications of stem cells in bone regeneration.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Davide Cavagnetto
Dr. Federico Mussano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D Bioprinting
  • growth factors
  • osteochondral tissue substitutes
  • stem cells

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4485 KiB  
Article
Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Gyroid Scaffold with Isosorbide-Based Photopolymer for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Fiona Verisqa, Jae-Ryung Cha, Linh Nguyen, Hae-Won Kim and Jonathan C. Knowles
Biomolecules 2022, 12(11), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111692 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4923
Abstract
As one of the most transplanted tissues of the human body, bone has varying architectures, depending on its anatomical location. Therefore, bone defects ideally require bone substitutes with a similar structure and adequate strength comparable to native bones. Light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods [...] Read more.
As one of the most transplanted tissues of the human body, bone has varying architectures, depending on its anatomical location. Therefore, bone defects ideally require bone substitutes with a similar structure and adequate strength comparable to native bones. Light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods allow the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds with high resolution and mechanical properties that exceed the result of commonly used extrusion-based printing. Digital light processing (DLP) is known for its faster and more accurate printing than other 3D printing approaches. However, the development of biocompatible resins for light-based 3D printing is not as rapid as that of bio-inks for extrusion-based printing. In this study, we developed CSMA-2, a photopolymer based on Isosorbide, a renewable sugar derivative monomer. The CSMA-2 showed suitable rheological properties for DLP printing. Gyroid scaffolds with high resolution were successfully printed. The 3D-printed scaffolds also had a compressive modulus within the range of a human cancellous bone modulus. Human adipose-derived stem cells remained viable for up to 21 days of incubation on the scaffolds. A calcium deposition from the cells was also found on the scaffolds. The stem cells expressed osteogenic markers such as RUNX2, OCN, and OPN. These results indicated that the scaffolds supported the osteogenic differentiation of the progenitor cells. In summary, CSMA-2 is a promising material for 3D printing techniques with high resolution that allow the fabrication of complex biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Biological and Medical Application)
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Review

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31 pages, 3181 KiB  
Review
Advances and Innovations of 3D Bioprinting Skin
by Moon Sung Kang, Jinju Jang, Hyo Jung Jo, Won-Hyeon Kim, Bongju Kim, Heoung-Jae Chun, Dohyung Lim and Dong-Wook Han
Biomolecules 2023, 13(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13010055 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6431
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted skin equivalents are highlighted as the new gold standard for alternative models to animal testing, as well as full-thickness wound healing. In this review, we focus on the advances and innovations of 3D bioprinting skin for skin regeneration, within the [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted skin equivalents are highlighted as the new gold standard for alternative models to animal testing, as well as full-thickness wound healing. In this review, we focus on the advances and innovations of 3D bioprinting skin for skin regeneration, within the last five years. After a brief introduction to skin anatomy, 3D bioprinting methods and the remarkable features of recent studies are classified as advances in materials, structures, and functions. We will discuss several ways to improve the clinical potential of 3D bioprinted skin, with state-of-the-art printing technology and novel biomaterials. After the breakthrough in the bottleneck of the current studies, highly developed skin can be fabricated, comprising stratified epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis with blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and skin appendages. We hope that this review will be priming water for future research and clinical applications, that will guide us to break new ground for the next generation of skin regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Biological and Medical Application)
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19 pages, 1215 KiB  
Review
Message in a Scaffold: Natural Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting of Human Brain Organoids
by Pierre Layrolle, Pierre Payoux and Stéphane Chavanas
Biomolecules 2023, 13(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13010025 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3585
Abstract
Brain organoids are invaluable tools for pathophysiological studies or drug screening, but there are still challenges to overcome in making them more reproducible and relevant. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of human neural organoids is an emerging approach that may overcome the [...] Read more.
Brain organoids are invaluable tools for pathophysiological studies or drug screening, but there are still challenges to overcome in making them more reproducible and relevant. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of human neural organoids is an emerging approach that may overcome the limitations of self-organized organoids. It requires the development of optimal hydrogels, and a wealth of research has improved our knowledge about biomaterials both in terms of their intrinsic properties and their relevance on 3D culture of brain cells and tissue. Although biomaterials are rarely biologically neutral, few articles have reviewed their roles on neural cells. We here review the current knowledge on unmodified biomaterials amenable to support 3D bioprinting of neural organoids with a particular interest in their impact on cell homeostasis. Alginate is a particularly suitable bioink base for cell encapsulation. Gelatine is a valuable helper agent for 3D bioprinting due to its viscosity. Collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid and laminin provide biological support to adhesion, motility, differentiation or synaptogenesis and optimize the 3D culture of neural cells. Optimization of specialized hydrogels to direct differentiation of stem cells together with an increased resolution in phenotype analysis will further extend the spectrum of possible bioprinted brain disease models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Biological and Medical Application)
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14 pages, 514 KiB  
Review
Plasma of Argon Treatment of the Implant Surface, Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
by Massimo Carossa, Davide Cavagnetto, Francesca Mancini, Alessandro Mosca Balma and Federico Mussano
Biomolecules 2022, 12(9), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12091219 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
This paper aims to review the evidence of the cellular activity on titanium samples exposed to Plasma of Argon (PoA) treatment. A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and [...] Read more.
This paper aims to review the evidence of the cellular activity on titanium samples exposed to Plasma of Argon (PoA) treatment. A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus, up to October 2020. Papers were selected according to PICOS format that is: Population (P): osteoblasts, fibroblasts, gingival cells; Intervention (I): PoA disinfection treatment; Comparison (C): untreated controls; Outcome (O): cell culture; Setting (S): in vitro assays. The quality assessment was performed according to the CRIS Guidelines (Checklist for Reporting In vitro Studies). A total of 661 articles were found, of which 16 were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall poor quality of the studies analyzed. In vitro studies on the potential of PoA showed a potential effect in promoting higher cell adhesion and protein adsorption in the earliest times (hours). This outcome was not so evident when later stages of cell growth on the surfaces were tested and compared to the control groups. Only one study was conducted in vivo on a human sample regarding abutment cleaning. No meta-analysis was conducted because of the variety of experimental settings, mixed methods and different cell lines studied. PoA seems to be effective in promoting cell adhesion and protein adsorption. The duration of this effect remains unclear. Further evidence is required to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of the treatment and to support the use of PoA treatment in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Biological and Medical Application)
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