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Biomolecules
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Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023
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Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 20818

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pietro Scicchitano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiology Section, Hospital “F. Perinei” Altamura (BA), 70022 Altamura, Italy
Interests: heart failure; preventive cardiology; vascular biology; endothelial function; cardiovascular pharmacology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Matteo Cameli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Interests: heart failure; atrial fibrillation; echocardiography; hypertension; heart; cardiology; transesophageal echocardiography; cardiovascular system; cardiac function; electrocardiographyh
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases still represent the leading cause of death worldwide. The need to prevent the acute onset of such diseases and predict their occurrence is the major goal of medicine. By succeeding in preventing the negative consequences of cardiovascular diseases, physicians can prevent both the mortality and morbidity of the patients. Therefore, the improvement in the quality of life and the reduction in the financial burden of health due to the reduced impact of chronic comorbidities related to cardiovascular diseases will also improve the economics of the nations.

The use of biomarkers is the key to conquering the tip of this target mountain.

Indeed, the ideal biomarkers should be sensitive and specific, able to detect the onset of pathologies early and in time to allow physicians to counteract the progression of the disease.

Biomolecular approaches for the early identification of cardiovascular diseases before their onset are an attractive field in cardiology. There is little evidence regarding a perfect biomarker able to identify the unstable atherosclerotic plaque, the occurrence of aortic dissection, or the incipient onset of heart failure.

The aim of this Special Issue is to offer the readers the best overview of the current state of knowledge of biomolecular biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases.

Dr. Pietro Scicchitano
Dr. Matteo Cameli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 160 KiB  
Editorial
Facilities in Molecular Biomarkers in Cardiology
by Pietro Scicchitano and Matteo Cameli
Biomolecules 2024, 14(8), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14081025 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 708
Abstract
This Special Issue of Biomolecules, entitled “Molecular Biomarkers in Cardiology 2022–2023”, presents a comprehensive collection of research and reviews exploring the rapidly evolving field of cardiovascular biomarkers [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)

Research

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25 pages, 10155 KiB  
Article
Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Differential Metabolites as Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction
by Jie Zhou, Hai-Tao Hou, Yu Song, Xiao-Lin Zhou, Huan-Xin Chen, Li-Li Zhang, Hong-Mei Xue, Qin Yang and Guo-Wei He
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050532 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), including ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolomics technology was used to explore differential metabolites (DMs) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of STEMI and NSTEMI. In the study, [...] Read more.
Myocardial infarction (MI), including ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolomics technology was used to explore differential metabolites (DMs) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of STEMI and NSTEMI. In the study, 2531 metabolites, including 1925 DMs, were discovered. In the selected 27 DMs, 14 were successfully verified in a new cohort, and the AUC values were all above 0.8. There were 10 in STEMI group, namely L-aspartic acid, L-acetylcarnitine, acetylglycine, decanoylcarnitine, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, ferulic acid, itaconic acid, lauroylcarnitine, myristoylcarnitine, and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and 5 in NSTEMI group, namely L-aspartic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitoleic acid, D-aspartic acid, and palmitelaidic acid. These 14 DMs may be developed as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of MI with high sensitivity and specificity. These findings have particularly important clinical significance for NSTEMI patients because these patients have no typical ECG changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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12 pages, 808 KiB  
Article
Cholesterol Content of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins Is Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients
by Vesna Degoricija, Iva Klobučar, Ines Potočnjak, Sanda Dokoza Terešak, Luka Vidović, Gudrun Pregartner, Andrea Berghold, Hansjörg Habisch, Tobias Madl and Saša Frank
Biomolecules 2022, 12(10), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12101542 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2265
Abstract
Considering the relationship between the extent of metabolic derangement and the disease severity in heart failure, we hypothesized that the lipid content of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) may have prognostic value for 1 year mortality in acute heart failure (AHF). Baseline serum levels of [...] Read more.
Considering the relationship between the extent of metabolic derangement and the disease severity in heart failure, we hypothesized that the lipid content of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) may have prognostic value for 1 year mortality in acute heart failure (AHF). Baseline serum levels of VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), VLDL triglycerides (VLDL-TG), VLDL phospholipids (VLDL-PL), and VLDL apolipoprotein B (VLDL-apoB) were measured using NMR spectroscopy. We calculated the ratios of the respective VLDL lipids and VLDL apoB (VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB, VLDL-TG/VLDL-apoB, and VLDL-PL/VLDL-apoB), as estimators of the cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid content of VLDL particles and tested their association with mortality. Out of 315 AHF patients, 118 (37.5%) patients died within 1 year after hospitalization for AHF. Univariable Cox regression analyses revealed a significant inverse association of VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB (hazard ratio (HR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.64, p < 0.001), VLDL-TG/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88, p < 0.001), and VLDL-PL/VLDL-apoB (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.56, p < 0.001) with 1 year mortality. Of the tested parameters, only VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB remained significant after adjustment for age and sex, as well as other clinical and laboratory parameters that showed a significant association with 1 year mortality in the univariable analyses. We conclude that cholesterol content of circulating VLDL (VLDL-C/VLDL-apoB) might be of prognostic value in AHF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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12 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Serum Catestatin Levels Correlate with Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Indices of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Primary Hypertension
by Marko Kumric, Josip Vrdoljak, Goran Dujic, Daniela Supe-Domic, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, Zeljko Dujic and Josko Bozic
Biomolecules 2022, 12(9), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12091204 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2497
Abstract
Accumulating data suggests that catestatin, an eclectic neuroendocrine peptide, is involved in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension (PH). Nevertheless, clinical studies concerning its role in PH are still scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore an association between serum catestatin [...] Read more.
Accumulating data suggests that catestatin, an eclectic neuroendocrine peptide, is involved in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension (PH). Nevertheless, clinical studies concerning its role in PH are still scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore an association between serum catestatin levels, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in patients with PH and healthy controls. In this single-center study, 72 patients aged 40–70 diagnosed with PH, and 72 healthy controls were included. In patients with PH, serum catestatin concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls (29.70 (19.33–49.48) ng/mL vs. 5.83 (4.21–8.29) ng/mL, p < 0.001). Untreated patients had significantly higher serum catestatin than patients treated with antihypertensive drugs (41.61 (22.85–63.83) ng/mL vs. 24.77 (16.41–40.21) ng/mL, p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum catestatin levels retained a significant association with mean arterial pressure (β ± standard error, 0.8123 ± 0.3037, p < 0.009) after model adjustments for age, sex and body mass index. Finally, catestatin levels positively correlated with pulse wave velocity (r = 0.496, p < 0.001) and central augmentation index (r = 0.441, p < 0.001), but not with peripheral resistance. In summary, increased serum catestatin concentration in PH, predominantly in the untreated subgroup, and its association with ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness address the role of this peptide in PH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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11 pages, 511 KiB  
Article
FOXA3 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Metabolic Parameters in Individuals with Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Healthy Controls—The GEA Mexican Study
by Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón, José Manuel Fragoso, Julian Ramírez-Bello and Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
Biomolecules 2022, 12(5), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12050601 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
FOXA3 is a transcription factor involved in the macrophage cholesterol efflux and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport reducing the atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to establish if the FOXA3 polymorphisms are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and cardiometabolic parameters. Two FOXA3 polymorphisms [...] Read more.
FOXA3 is a transcription factor involved in the macrophage cholesterol efflux and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport reducing the atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to establish if the FOXA3 polymorphisms are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and cardiometabolic parameters. Two FOXA3 polymorphisms (rs10410870 and rs10412574) were determined in 386 individuals with SA and 1070 controls. No association with SA was observed. The rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of having total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, non-HDL-cholesterol > 160 mg/dL, and a high risk of having LDL pattern B and insulin resistance adipose tissue in individuals with SA, and with a high risk of having interleukin 10 <p25 and magnesium deficiency in controls. The rs10412574 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of insulin resistance of the adipose tissue and a high risk of aspartate aminotransferase >p75 in individuals with SA, and with a low risk of LDL pattern B and a high risk of a magnesium deficiency in controls. Independent analysis in 846 individuals showed that the rs10410870 polymorphism was associated with a high risk of aortic valve calcification. In summary, FOXA3 polymorphisms were not associated with SA; however, they were associated with cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with and without SA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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Review

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19 pages, 635 KiB  
Review
Circulating Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update
by Michele Correale, Lucia Tricarico, Ester Maria Lucia Bevere, Francesco Chirivì, Francesca Croella, Paolo Severino, Valentina Mercurio, Damiano Magrì, Frank Dini, Roberto Licordari, Matteo Beltrami, Giuseppe Dattilo, Andrea Salzano and Alberto Palazzuoli
Biomolecules 2024, 14(5), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14050552 - 3 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2564
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, [...] Read more.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involves complex mechanisms: vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, RV remodeling, cellular hypoxia, metabolic imbalance, and thrombosis. These mechanisms are mediated by several pathways, involving molecules like nitric oxide and prostacyclin. PAH diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and right heart catheterization, confirming a value of mPAP ≥ 20 mmHg at rest and often elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Even if an early and accurate diagnosis is crucial, PAH still lacks effective biomarkers to assist in its diagnosis and prognosis. Biomarkers could contribute to arousing clinical suspicion and serve for prognosis prediction, risk stratification, and dynamic monitoring in patients with PAH. The aim of the present review is to report the main novelties on new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of PAH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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21 pages, 1126 KiB  
Review
Beyond Natriuretic Peptides: Unveiling the Power of Emerging Biomarkers in Heart Failure
by Roberto Licordari, Michele Correale, Salvatore Bonanno, Matteo Beltrami, Michele Ciccarelli, Antonio Micari, Alberto Palazzuoli and Giuseppe Dattilo
Biomolecules 2024, 14(3), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030309 - 6 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2025
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and imposes considerable burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Traditional management strategies, primarily relying on clinical assessments and standard biomarkers like natriuretic peptides, face [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and imposes considerable burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Traditional management strategies, primarily relying on clinical assessments and standard biomarkers like natriuretic peptides, face limitations due to the heterogeneity of HF. This review aims to delve into the evolving landscape of non-natriuretic biomarkers and the transformative potential of omics technologies, underscoring their roles in advancing HF treatment towards precision medicine. By offering novel insights into the biological underpinnings of HF, including inflammation, myocardial stress, fibrosis, and metabolic disturbances, these advancements facilitate more accurate patient phenotyping and individualized treatment strategies. The integration of non-natriuretic biomarkers and omics technologies heralds a pivotal shift in HF management, enabling a move towards tailored therapeutic interventions. This approach promises to enhance clinical outcomes by improving diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and monitoring therapeutic responses. However, challenges such as the variability in biomarker levels, cost-effectiveness, and the standardization of biomarker testing across different healthcare settings pose hurdles to their widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the promise of precision medicine in HF, driven by these innovative biomarkers and technologies, offers a new horizon for improving patient care and outcomes. This review advocates for the further integration of these advancements into clinical practice, highlighting the need for ongoing research to fully realize their potential in transforming the landscape of heart failure management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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20 pages, 786 KiB  
Review
Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Antineoplastic Drug Cardiotoxicity and Beyond
by Umberto Attanasio, Elena Di Sarro, Lucia Tricarico, Daniela Di Lisi, Giuseppe Armentaro, Sofia Miceli, Francesco Fioretti, Martino Deidda, Michele Correale, Giuseppina Novo, Angela Sciacqua, Savina Nodari, Christian Cadeddu, Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti, Alberto Palazzuoli and Valentina Mercurio
Biomolecules 2024, 14(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020199 - 7 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2423
Abstract
Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of cardiotoxicity and the follow-up and prognostic assessment of cancer patients. In this [...] Read more.
Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of cardiotoxicity and the follow-up and prognostic assessment of cancer patients. In this literature review, we aim at describing the current state of knowledge on the meaning and the usefulness of cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with cancer; analyzing the intricate relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease (especially HF) and how this affects cardiovascular and tumor biomarkers; exploring the role of cardiovascular biomarkers in the risk stratification and in the identification of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; and providing a summary of the novel potential biomarkers in this clinical setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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20 pages, 849 KiB  
Review
The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers
by Paola Di Pietro, Carmine Izzo, Angela Carmelita Abate, Paola Iesu, Maria Rosaria Rusciano, Eleonora Venturini, Valeria Visco, Eduardo Sommella, Michele Ciccarelli, Albino Carrizzo and Carmine Vecchione
Biomolecules 2023, 13(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13010168 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3543
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids’ contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers In Cardiology 2022–2023)
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