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Biosensors
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Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine
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Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 12396

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kevin C. Honeychurch

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
Interests: sensors; biosensors; voltammetry; chromatography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuhong Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
Interests: the application of electrochemical and (bio)sensors in plants
Dr. Martina Piano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
Interests: screen printed electrode; sensor for health technology application; point of care instrument, environmental, and nanotechnology applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The environment, food and medicine are the three major fields most closely related to people's daily lives. With a population increasing and the pressures of economic development, there are more and more challenges facing these three fields; such as population growth; exerting pressure on environment quality, food production and the spread of diseases. Economic development has led to improved living conditions and stimulated demand for better food safety and health. Hence, sensor technology focused on environment protection, food quality control and medicine have become research hotspots. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have been widely used in these three fields due to their excellent selectivity and sensitivity. They are small and portable, allowing them to be widely applied in both static and mobile platforms and for the possibility of use in the field, at the point-of-need.

This Special Issue is focused on the applications of advanced electrochemical (bio)sensors in fields of the environment, food, and medicine. It aims to provide a platform for the publication of original high-quality research papers covering the most recent advances in these areas, as well as comprehensive reviews on the application of both the electrochemical and non-electrochemical sensing and bio-sensing technologies in these fields. We invited a wide range of appropriate contributions and should covers any type of experimental, theoretical, numerical, and computational research in the areas of both electrochemical and non-electrochemical (bio) sensors in for environment, food, and medicine. This includes (but is not limited to) theoretical development, mathematical models, numerical algorithms, optimization, machine learning approaches, probabilistic and stochastic approaches, and computational methods. Discussions of electrochemical and nonelectrochemical sensors employing both classical and advanced techniques, based on enzymes, antibodies, DNA, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and the application of nanotechnology are also welcome.

Dr. Kevin C. Honeychurch
Dr. Yuhong Zheng
Dr. Martina Piano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical sensors
  • biosensors
  • food safety
  • food quality control
  • enviromental pollution monitoring
  • medicine
  • detection
  • analysis

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3676 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Determination of Doxorubicin in the Presence of Dacarbazine Using MWCNTs/ZnO Nanocomposite Modified Disposable Screen-Printed Electrode
by Somayeh Tajik, Hadi Beitollahi, Fariba Garkani Nejad and Zahra Dourandish
Biosensors 2025, 15(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15010060 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 634
Abstract
In the current work, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using simple method. Then, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques were applied for morphological and structural characterization. Afterward, a sensitive voltammetric sensor based on modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite [...] Read more.
In the current work, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using simple method. Then, FE-SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques were applied for morphological and structural characterization. Afterward, a sensitive voltammetric sensor based on modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite was developed for the determination of doxorubicin in the presence of dacarbazine. To evaluate the electrochemical response of the MWCNTs/ZnO/SPCE towards doxorubicin, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied. The MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite showed a significant synergistic effect on the electrochemical response of the electrode for the redox reaction of doxorubicin. Also, the MWCNTs/ZnO/SPCE demonstrated an enhanced sensing platform for the quantification of doxorubicin, obtaining a detection limit (LOD) of 0.002 µM and a sensitivity of 0.0897 µA/µM, as determined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) within a linear range from 0.007 to 150.0 µM. Also, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite-modified SPCE showed high electrochemical activities towards the oxidation of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with peak-potential separation of 345 mV, which is sufficient for doxorubicin determination in the presence of dacarbazine. Also, the MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposite-modified SPCE presented reproducible and stable responses to determine doxorubicin. Finally, the developed platform demonstrated a successful performance for doxorubicin and dacarbazine determination in real samples, with recovery in the range of 97.1% to 104.0% and relative standard deviation (RSD) from 1.8% to 3.5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)
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14 pages, 4281 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Heavy Metal Detection through Electrochemical Polishing of Carbon Electrodes
by Sanjeev Billa, Rohit Boddu, Shabnam Siddiqui and Prabhu U. Arumugam
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090412 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1412
Abstract
Our research addresses the pressing need for environmental sensors capable of large-scale, on-site detection of a wide array of heavy metals with highly accurate sensor metrics. We present a novel approach using electrochemically polished (ECP) carbon screen-printed electrodes (cSPEs) for high-sensitivity detection of [...] Read more.
Our research addresses the pressing need for environmental sensors capable of large-scale, on-site detection of a wide array of heavy metals with highly accurate sensor metrics. We present a novel approach using electrochemically polished (ECP) carbon screen-printed electrodes (cSPEs) for high-sensitivity detection of cadmium and lead. By applying a range of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, we investigated the impact of the electrochemical potential scan range, scan rate, and the number of cycles on electrode response and its ability to detect cadmium and lead. Our findings reveal a 41 ± 1.2% increase in voltammogram currents and a 51 ± 1.6% decrease in potential separations (n = 3), indicating a significantly improved active electrode area and kinetics. The impedance model elucidates the microstructural and electrochemical property changes in the ECP-treated electrodes, showing an 88 ± 2% (n = 3) decrease in the charge transfer resistance, leading to enhanced electrode electrical conductivity. A bismuth-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified, ECP-treated electrode demonstrated a higher cadmium and lead sensitivity of up to 5 ± 0.1 μAppb−1cm−2 and 2.7 ± 0.1 μAppb−1cm−2 (n = 3), respectively, resulting in sub-ppb limits of detection in spiked deionized water samples. Our study underscores the potential of optimally ECP-activated electrodes as a foundation for designing ultrasensitive heavy metal sensors for a wide range of real-world heavy metal-contaminated waters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)
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12 pages, 2040 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Aptasensing Platform for the Detection of Retinol Binding Protein-4
by Kamila Malecka-Baturo, Paulina Żółtowska, Agnieszka Jackowska, Katarzyna Kurzątkowska-Adaszyńska and Iwona Grabowska
Biosensors 2024, 14(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14020101 - 16 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2735
Abstract
Here, we present the results of our the electrochemical aptasensing strategy for retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) detection based on a thiolated aptamer against RBP-4 and 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) directly immobilized on a gold electrode surface. The most important parameters affecting the magnitude of the [...] Read more.
Here, we present the results of our the electrochemical aptasensing strategy for retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) detection based on a thiolated aptamer against RBP-4 and 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) directly immobilized on a gold electrode surface. The most important parameters affecting the magnitude of the analytical signal generated were optimized: (i) the presence of magnesium ions in the immobilization and measurement buffer, (ii) the concentration of aptamer in the immobilization solution and (iii) its folding procedure. In this work, a systematic assessment of the electrochemical parameters related to the optimization of the sensing layer of the aptasensor was carried out (electron transfer coefficients (α), electron transfer rate constants (k0) and surface coverage of the thiolated aptamer probe (ΓApt)). Then, under the optimized conditions, the analytical response towards RBP-4 protein, in the presence of an Fe(CN)63−/4− redox couple in the supporting solution was assessed. The proposed electrochemical strategy allowed for RBP-4 detection in the concentration range between 100 and 1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection equal to 44 ng/mL based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specificity studies against other diabetes biomarkers, including vaspin and adiponectin, proved the selectivity of the proposed platform. These preliminary results will be used in the next step to miniaturize and test the sensor in real samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)
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13 pages, 1496 KiB  
Article
Development of Taste Sensor with Lipid/Polymer Membranes for Detection of Umami Substances Using Surface Modification
by Wenhao Yuan, Zeyu Zhao, Shunsuke Kimura and Kiyoshi Toko
Biosensors 2024, 14(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14020095 - 11 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2400
Abstract
A taste sensor employs various lipid/polymer membranes with specific physicochemical properties for taste classification and evaluation. However, phosphoric acid di(2-ethylhexyl) ester (PAEE), employed as one of the lipids for the taste sensors, exhibits insufficient selectivity for umami substances. The pH of sample solutions [...] Read more.
A taste sensor employs various lipid/polymer membranes with specific physicochemical properties for taste classification and evaluation. However, phosphoric acid di(2-ethylhexyl) ester (PAEE), employed as one of the lipids for the taste sensors, exhibits insufficient selectivity for umami substances. The pH of sample solutions impacts the dissociation of lipids to influence the membrane potential, and the response to astringent substances makes accurate measurement of umami taste difficult. This study aims to develop a novel taste sensor for detecting umami substances like monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) through surface modification, i.e., a methodology previously applied to taste sensors for non-charged bitter substance measurement. Four kinds of modifiers were tested as membrane-modifying materials. By comparing the results obtained from these modifiers, the modifier structure suitable for measuring umami substances was identified. The findings revealed that the presence of carboxyl groups at para-position of the benzene ring, as well as intramolecular H-bonds between the carboxyl group and hydroxyl group, significantly affect the effectiveness of a modifier in the umami substance measurement. The taste sensor treated with this type of modifier showed excellent selectivity for umami substances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)
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17 pages, 5352 KiB  
Article
An Electrochemical Screen-Printed Sensor Based on Gold-Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide–Carbon Nanotubes Composites for the Determination of 17-β Estradiol
by Auwal M. Musa, Janice Kiely, Richard Luxton and Kevin C. Honeychurch
Biosensors 2023, 13(4), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13040491 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4226 | Correction
Abstract
In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with gold-nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide–carbon nanotubes (rGO-AuNPs/CNT/SPE) was used for the determination of estradiol (E2). The AuNPs were produced through an eco-friendly method utilising plant extract, eliminating the need for severe chemicals, and remove the [...] Read more.
In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with gold-nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide–carbon nanotubes (rGO-AuNPs/CNT/SPE) was used for the determination of estradiol (E2). The AuNPs were produced through an eco-friendly method utilising plant extract, eliminating the need for severe chemicals, and remove the requirements of sophisticated fabrication methods and tedious procedures. In addition, rGO-AuNP serves as a dispersant for the CNT to improve the dispersion stability of CNTs. The composite material, rGO-AuNPs/CNT, underwent characterisation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical performance of the modified SPE for estradiol oxidation was characterised using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The rGO-AuNPs/CNT/SPE exhibited a notable improvement compared to bare/SPE and GO-CNT/SPE, as evidenced by the relative peak currents. Additionally, we employed a baseline correction algorithm to accurately adjust the sensor response while eliminating extraneous background components that are typically present in voltammetric experiments. The optimised estradiol sensor offers linear sensitivity from 0.05–1.00 µM, with a detection limit of 3 nM based on three times the standard deviation (3δ). Notably, this sensing approach yields stable, repeatable, and reproducible outcomes. Assessment of drinking water samples indicated an average recovery rate of 97.5% for samples enriched with E2 at concentrations as low as 0.5 µM%, accompanied by only a modest coefficient of variation (%CV) value of 2.7%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Advanced Electrochemical (Bio)sensors in Environment, Food, and Medicine)
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