Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors
A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2018) | Viewed by 30995
Special Issue Editors
Interests: chemistry of cultural heritage and the environment; soft matters for the cleaning of artistic surfaces and the monitoring of organic polluting species; sensors and biosensors with electrochemical transduction for applications in the environmental, food, and clinical fields; electrochemical techniques for diagnostics of cultural heritage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Interests: biosensors; gold nanoparticles; biofuel cells; redox polymers; physical electrochemistry; redox proteins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
In recent years, several enzymatic electrochemical biosensors have been developed as end-user and time-saving analytical methods for the detection of many analytes for food, clinical and environmental sensing. Besides different electrochemical transduction methods, such as impedimetric, conductometric and potentiometric, are widely exploited in biosensors assembly, the research on enzymatic biosensors has been mostly focused on amperometric-based devices. Enzymes were historically the first molecular recognition elements included in biosensors and still continue to be the basis for a significant number of publications in this field. Everything began in 1962 when Professor Lealand C. Clark illustrated the first example of enzyme electrochemical biosensor by entrapping Glucose Oxidase in a dialysis membrane over an oxygen Clark’s electrode. Successively, in 1967, Updike and Hicks used the same term “enzyme electrode” to describe a similar device, where again Glucose Oxidase was immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel onto an oxygen Clark’s electrode. In addition to amperometry, Guilbault and Montalvo in 1969 used glass electrodes coupled with urease to measure urea concentration by means of potentiometry. Starting, from these first examples, electrochemical transducers combined with enzymes as biochemical component became, nowadays, the largest category of biosensors for food, clinical and environmental sensing.
Enzymatic electrochemical biosensors rely on redox enzymes thus employing the detection of a substrate by its oxidation or reduction reaction. In particular, three successive generations of electrochemical biosensors have been described over the past decades: The first generation biosensors are based on the electrochemical detection of one of the chemical species naturally-occurring in the enzymatic reaction pathway, in the second generation ones the regeneration of the enzyme in its active form is carried out by means of a suitable electrochemical mediator which also serve to shuttle electrons to or from the electrode, finally in the third generation biosensors the redox enzyme is connected to the electrodic material thus giving place to a direct electron transfer.
This Special Issue, devoted to enzymatic electrochemical biosensors, aims to focus on the most recent advances in the development of innovative electrochemical mediators and new enzymatic immobilization strategies, in the synthesis of nanostructured materials, composite or hybrid materials and conductive polymers to enhance the electrochemical transduction, in order to realize highly sensitive, selective and stable biosensors for food, clinical and environmental applications.
Prof. Gabriele Favero
Dr. Paolo Bollella
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- Enzyme biosensors
- Amperometry
- Potentiometry
- Mediated electron transfer (MET)
- Direct electron transfer (DET)
- Enzyme immobilization
- Nanomaterials
- Conductive polymers
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