Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
6.8
3.8
Journals
Catalysts
Special Issues
Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis
share announcement

Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Photocatalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2017) | Viewed by 95132

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vladimiro Dal Santo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISTM - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogen; steam reforming; homo- and hetero-metallic nanoparticles; materials characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alberto Naldoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
2. Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Interests: solar fuels; plasmonic photocatalysis; nanotechnology; plasmonics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dating from the seminal work of Fujishima et al. issued in 1971, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is at the center of intense research devoted to the development of efficient photocatalysts. Among the many candidates for photocatalytic applications, TiO2 is almost the only material suitable for industrial use. This is because TiO2 shows a good trade-off between efficient photoactivity, high stability, and low cost.

The principal applications deal with the use of TiO2 as photocatalyst for environmental remediation both in polluted air and waste water treatment and as a material in solar cells.

The rational design elements of interests for efficient TiO2 catalysts for this Special Issue are optical properties, nanocrystal shape and organization in superstructures.

The main drawback of TiO2 photocatalysts still remains their inability in visible light absorption and photoconversion, and most part of recent research activities are devoted to the improvement of the optical absorption properties of TiO2 nanomaterials. Strategies including doping; self-doping; realization of composites with plasmonic materials, with 2D materials, with other semiconductors, and with quantum dots are of particular interest. Black-TiO2 visible light active photocatalysts, antimicrobial materials, photoelectrochemical devices for water splitting and CO2 photo-reduction, are among the hot topics.

On the other hand, precise crystal shape (and homogeneous size) and organization in superstructure from ultrathin films to hierarchical nanostructures have been demonstrated to be critical for obtaining photocatalyst with high efficiency and selectivity. This topic is another pillar for the present Special Issue on “Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis”, and submission on it are recommended.

The present Special Issue of Catalysts is aimed at presenting the current state-of-the-art in the use of TiO2 as photocatalyst, with a special emphasis on new TiO2 nanomaterials (both powdered catalysts and photoelectrodes) for photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction and environmental remediation. In the present Special Issue, we have invited contributions from leading groups in the field with the aim of giving a balanced view of the current state-of-the-art in this discipline.

Prof. Vladimiro Dal Santo
Dr. Alberto Naldoni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Titanium dioxide
  • Photo-oxidation
  • Photocatalytic water splitting
  • Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting
  • CO2 photoreduction
  • Solar fuels
  • nanostructures
  • multiscale modeling

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (12 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 165 KiB  
Editorial
Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis
by Vladimiro Dal Santo and Alberto Naldoni
Catalysts 2018, 8(12), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8120591 - 29 Nov 2018
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4066
Abstract
Dating from the seminal work of Fujishima et al. [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

14 pages, 5829 KiB  
Article
TiO2 Nanotubes on Transparent Substrates: Control of Film Microstructure and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance
by Matus Zelny, Stepan Kment, Radim Ctvrtlik, Sarka Pausova, Hana Kmentova, Jan Tomastik, Zdenek Hubicka, Yalavarthi Rambabu, Josef Krysa, Alberto Naldoni, Patrik Schmuki and Radek Zboril
Catalysts 2018, 8(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8010025 - 15 Jan 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6031
Abstract
Transfer of semiconductor thin films on transparent and or flexible substrates is a highly desirable process to enable photonic, catalytic, and sensing technologies. A promising approach to fabricate nanostructured TiO2 films on transparent substrates is self-ordering by anodizing of thin metal films [...] Read more.
Transfer of semiconductor thin films on transparent and or flexible substrates is a highly desirable process to enable photonic, catalytic, and sensing technologies. A promising approach to fabricate nanostructured TiO2 films on transparent substrates is self-ordering by anodizing of thin metal films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Here, we report pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering for the deposition of titanium thin films on conductive glass substrates at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 450 °C. We describe in detail the influence that deposition temperature has on mechanical, adhesion and microstructural properties of titanium film, as well as on the corresponding TiO2 nanotube array obtained after anodization and annealing. Finally, we measure the photoelectrochemical water splitting activity of different TiO2 nanotube samples showing that the film deposited at 150 °C has much higher activity correlating well with the lower crystallite size and the higher degree of self-organization observed in comparison with the nanotubes obtained at different temperatures. Importantly, the film showing higher water splitting activity does not have the best adhesion on glass substrate, highlighting an important trade-off for future optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

5264 KiB  
Article
Using Density Functional Theory to Model Realistic TiO2 Nanoparticles, Their Photoactivation and Interaction with Water
by Daniele Selli, Gianluca Fazio and Cristiana Di Valentin
Catalysts 2017, 7(12), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7120357 - 24 Nov 2017
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7543
Abstract
Computational modeling of titanium dioxide nanoparticles of realistic size is extremely relevant for the direct comparison with experiments but it is also a rather demanding task. We have recently worked on a multistep/scale procedure to obtain global optimized minimum structures for chemically stable [...] Read more.
Computational modeling of titanium dioxide nanoparticles of realistic size is extremely relevant for the direct comparison with experiments but it is also a rather demanding task. We have recently worked on a multistep/scale procedure to obtain global optimized minimum structures for chemically stable spherical titania nanoparticles of increasing size, with diameter from 1.5 nm (~300 atoms) to 4.4 nm (~4000 atoms). We use first self-consistent-charge density functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) methodology to perform thermal annealing simulations to obtain globally optimized structures and then hybrid density functional theory (DFT) to refine them and to achieve high accuracy in the description of structural and electronic properties. This allows also to assess SCC-DFTB performance in comparison with DFT(B3LYP) results. As a further step, we investigate photoexcitation and photoemission processes involving electron/hole pair formation, separation, trapping and recombination in the nanosphere of medium size by hybrid DFT. Finally, we show how a recently defined new set of parameters for SCC-DFTB allows for a proper description of titania/water multilayers interface, which paves the way for modeling large realistic nanoparticles in aqueous environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2103 KiB  
Article
Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production
by Massimo Bernareggi, Maria Vittoria Dozzi, Luca Giacomo Bettini, Anna Maria Ferretti, Gian Luca Chiarello and Elena Selli
Catalysts 2017, 7(10), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7100301 - 16 Oct 2017
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6509
Abstract
The effect of Cu or Cu-Pt nanoparticles in TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by flame spray pyrolysis in one step was investigated in hydrogen production from methanol photo-steam reforming. Two series of titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared, containing either (i) Cu nanoparticles (0.05–0.5 wt%) [...] Read more.
The effect of Cu or Cu-Pt nanoparticles in TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by flame spray pyrolysis in one step was investigated in hydrogen production from methanol photo-steam reforming. Two series of titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared, containing either (i) Cu nanoparticles (0.05–0.5 wt%) or (ii) both Cu (0 to 0.5 wt%) and Pt (0.5 wt%) nanoparticles. In addition, three photocatalysts obtained either by grafting copper and/or by depositing platinum by wet methods on flame-made TiO2 were also investigated. High hydrogen production rates were attained with copper-containing photocatalysts, though their photoactivity decreased with increasing Cu loading, whereas the photocatalysts containing both Cu and Pt nanoparticles exhibit a bell-shaped photoactivity trend with increasing copper content, the highest hydrogen production rate being attained with the photocatalyst containing 0.05 wt% Cu. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

5355 KiB  
Article
Fast and Large-Scale Anodizing Synthesis of Pine-Cone TiO2 for Solar-Driven Photocatalysis
by Yan Liu, Yanzong Zhang, Lilin Wang, Gang Yang, Fei Shen, Shihuai Deng, Xiaohong Zhang, Yan He, Yaodong Hu and Xiaobo Chen
Catalysts 2017, 7(8), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7080229 - 1 Aug 2017
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5336
Abstract
Anodization has been widely used to synthesize nanostructured TiO2 films with promising photocatalytic performance for solar hydrogen production and pollution removal. However, it usually takes a few hours to obtain the right nanostructures even on a small scale (e.g., 10 mm × [...] Read more.
Anodization has been widely used to synthesize nanostructured TiO2 films with promising photocatalytic performance for solar hydrogen production and pollution removal. However, it usually takes a few hours to obtain the right nanostructures even on a small scale (e.g., 10 mm × 20 mm). In order to attract interest for industrial applications, fast and large-scale fabrication is highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate a fast and large-scale (e.g., 300 mm × 360 mm) synthesis of pine-cone TiO2 nanostructures within two min. The formation mechanism of pine-cone TiO2 is proposed. The pine-cone TiO2 possesses a strong solar absorption, and exhibits high photocatalytic activities in photo-oxidizing organic pollutants in wastewater and producing hydrogen from water under natural sunlight. Thus, this study demonstrates a promising method for fabricating TiO2 films towards practical photocatalytic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

4092 KiB  
Article
Sulfur-Doped TiO2: Structure and Surface Properties
by Sara Cravanzola, Federico Cesano, Fulvio Gaziano and Domenica Scarano
Catalysts 2017, 7(7), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7070214 - 18 Jul 2017
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 9440
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the sulfur doping of TiO2, by means of H2S treatment at 673 K, has been performed in order to highlight the role of sulfur in affecting the properties of the system, as compared to the [...] Read more.
A comprehensive study on the sulfur doping of TiO2, by means of H2S treatment at 673 K, has been performed in order to highlight the role of sulfur in affecting the properties of the system, as compared to the native TiO2. The focus of this study is to find a relationship among the surface, structure, and morphology properties, by means of a detailed chemical and physical characterization of the samples. In particular, transmission electron microscopy images provide a simple tool to have a direct and immediate evidence of the effects of H2S action on the TiO2 particles structure and surface defects. Furthermore, from spectroscopy analyses, the peculiar surface, optical properties, and methylene blue photodegradation test of S-doped TiO2 samples, as compared to pure TiO2, have been investigated and explained by the effects caused by the exchange of S species with O species and by the surface defects induced by the strong H2S treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

4751 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic Graphene-TiO2 Thin Films Fabricated by Low-Temperature Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Spin and Spray Coating in a Sol-Gel Process
by Fatemeh Zabihi, Mohammad-Reza Ahmadian-Yazdi and Morteza Eslamian
Catalysts 2017, 7(5), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7050136 - 2 May 2017
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 8121
Abstract
In this work, we communicate a facile and low temperature synthesis process for the fabrication of graphene-TiO2 photocatalytic composite thin films. A sol-gel chemical route is used to synthesize TiO2 from the precursor solutions and spin and spray coating are used [...] Read more.
In this work, we communicate a facile and low temperature synthesis process for the fabrication of graphene-TiO2 photocatalytic composite thin films. A sol-gel chemical route is used to synthesize TiO2 from the precursor solutions and spin and spray coating are used to deposit the films. Excitation of the wet films during the casting process by ultrasonic vibration favorably influences both the sol-gel route and the deposition process, through the following mechanisms. The ultrasound energy imparted to the wet film breaks down the physical bonds of the gel phase. As a result, only a low-temperature post annealing process is required to eliminate the residues to complete the conversion of precursors to TiO2. In addition, ultrasonic vibration creates a nanoscale agitating motion or microstreaming in the liquid film that facilitates mixing of TiO2 and graphene nanosheets. The films made based on the above-mentioned ultrasonic vibration-assisted method and annealed at 150 °C contain both rutile and anatase phases of TiO2, which is the most favorable configuration for photocatalytic applications. The photoinduced and photocatalytic experiments demonstrate effective photocurrent generation and elimination of pollutants by graphene-TiO2 composite thin films fabricated via scalable spray coating and mild temperature processing, the results of which are comparable with those made using lab-scale and energy-intensive processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

4812 KiB  
Article
Novel Synthesis of Plasmonic Ag/AgCl@TiO2 Continues Fibers with Enhanced Broadband Photocatalytic Performance
by Nan Bao, Xinhan Miao, Xinde Hu, Qingzhe Zhang, Xiuyan Jie and Xiyue Zheng
Catalysts 2017, 7(4), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7040117 - 17 Apr 2017
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 6774
Abstract
The plasmonic Ag/AgCl@TiO2 fiber (S-CTF) photocatalyst was synthesized by a two-step approach, including the sol-gel and force spinning method for the preparation of TiO2 fibers (TF), and the impregnation-precipitation-photoreduction strategy for the deposition of Ag/AgCl onto the fibers. NaOH aqueous solution [...] Read more.
The plasmonic Ag/AgCl@TiO2 fiber (S-CTF) photocatalyst was synthesized by a two-step approach, including the sol-gel and force spinning method for the preparation of TiO2 fibers (TF), and the impregnation-precipitation-photoreduction strategy for the deposition of Ag/AgCl onto the fibers. NaOH aqueous solution was utilized to hydrolyze TiCl4, to synthesize TF and remove the byproduct HCl, and the produced NaCl was recycled for the formation and deposition of Ag/AgCl. The surface morphology, specific surface area, textural properties, crystal structure, elemental compositions and optical absorption of S-CTF were characterized by a series of instruments. These results revealed that the AgCl and Ag0 species were deposited onto TF successfully, and the obtained S-CTF showed improved visible light absorption due to the surface plasmon resonance of Ag0. In the photocatalytic degradation of X-3B, S-CTF exhibited significantly enhanced activities under separate visible or UV light irradiation, in comparison to TF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9697 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanorod Spheres and Arrays Compatible with Flexible Applications
by Daniela Nunes, Ana Pimentel, Lidia Santos, Pedro Barquinha, Elvira Fortunato and Rodrigo Martins
Catalysts 2017, 7(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7020060 - 14 Feb 2017
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 8069
Abstract
In the present study, titanium dioxide nanostructures were synthesized through microwave irradiation. In a typical microwave synthesis, nanorod spheres in the powder form were simultaneously produced with nanorod arrays grown on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The syntheses were performed in water or ethanol [...] Read more.
In the present study, titanium dioxide nanostructures were synthesized through microwave irradiation. In a typical microwave synthesis, nanorod spheres in the powder form were simultaneously produced with nanorod arrays grown on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The syntheses were performed in water or ethanol with limited temperature at 80 °C and 200 °C. A simple and low-cost approach was used for the arrays growth, which involved a PET substrate with a zinc oxide seed layer deposited by spin-coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy revealed that synthesis in water result in a mixture of brookite and rutile phases, while using ethanol as solvent it was only observed the rutile phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the synthesized spheres were in the micrometer range appearing as aggregates of fine nanorods. The arrays maintained the sphere nanorod aggregate structures and the synthesis totally covered the flexible substrates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify the brookite structure. The optical band gaps of all materials have been determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was assessed from rhodamine B degradation with remarkable degradability performance under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Reusability experiments were carried out for the best photocatalyst, which also revealed notable photocatalytic activity under solar radiation. The present study is an interesting and competitive alternative for the photocatalysts existing nowadays, as it simultaneously results in highly photoactive powders and flexible materials produced with low-cost synthesis routes such as microwave irradiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

6451 KiB  
Review
On the Origin of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Copper-Modified Titania in the Oxidative Reaction Systems
by Marcin Janczarek and Ewa Kowalska
Catalysts 2017, 7(11), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7110317 - 27 Oct 2017
Cited by 214 | Viewed by 12673
Abstract
Modification of titania with copper is a promising way to enhance the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. The enhancement means the significant retardation of charge carriers’ recombination ratio and the introduction of visible light activity. This review focuses on two main ways [...] Read more.
Modification of titania with copper is a promising way to enhance the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. The enhancement means the significant retardation of charge carriers’ recombination ratio and the introduction of visible light activity. This review focuses on two main ways of performance enhancement by copper species—i.e., originated from plasmonic properties of zero-valent copper (plasmonic photocatalysis) and heterojunctions between semiconductors (titania and copper oxides). The photocatalytic performance of copper-modified titania is discussed for oxidative reaction systems due to their importance for prospective applications in environmental purification. The review consists of the correlation between copper species and corresponding variants of photocatalytic mechanisms including novel systems of cascade heterojunctions. The problem of stability of copper species on titania, and the methods of its improvement are also discussed as important factors for future applications. As a new trend in the preparation of copper-modified titania photocatalyst, the role of particle morphology (faceted particles, core-shell structures) is also described. Finally, in the conclusion section, perspectives, challenges and recommendations for future research on copper-modified titania are formulated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2104 KiB  
Review
Brookite: Nothing New under the Sun?
by Matteo Monai, Tiziano Montini and Paolo Fornasiero
Catalysts 2017, 7(10), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7100304 - 13 Oct 2017
Cited by 81 | Viewed by 10576
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis of pure brookite and brookite-based TiO2 materials have opened the way to fundamental and applicative studies of the once least known TiO2 polymorph. Brookite is now recognized as an active phase, in some cases showing enhanced performance [...] Read more.
Advances in the synthesis of pure brookite and brookite-based TiO2 materials have opened the way to fundamental and applicative studies of the once least known TiO2 polymorph. Brookite is now recognized as an active phase, in some cases showing enhanced performance with respect to anatase, rutile or their mixture. The peculiar structure of brookite determines its distinct electronic properties, such as band gap, charge–carrier lifetime and mobility, trapping sites, surface energetics, surface atom arrangements and adsorption sites. Understanding the relationship between these properties and the photocatalytic performances of brookite compared to other TiO2 polymorphs is still a formidable challenge, because of the interplay of many factors contributing to the observed efficiency of a given photocatalyst. Here, the most recent advances in brookite TiO2 material synthesis and applications are summarized, focusing on structure/activity relation studies of phase and morphology-controlled materials. Many questions remain unanswered regarding brookite, but one answer is clear: Is it still worth studying such a hard-to-synthesize, elusive TiO2 polymorph? Yes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2342 KiB  
Review
Reactivity of Trapped and Accumulated Electrons in Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis
by Shigeru Kohtani, Akira Kawashima and Hideto Miyabe
Catalysts 2017, 7(10), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal7100303 - 13 Oct 2017
Cited by 64 | Viewed by 8563
Abstract
Electrons, photogenerated in conduction bands (CB) and trapped in electron trap defects (Tids) in titanium dioxide (TiO2), play crucial roles in characteristic reductive reactions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research on electron transfer in photo-excited TiO [...] Read more.
Electrons, photogenerated in conduction bands (CB) and trapped in electron trap defects (Tids) in titanium dioxide (TiO2), play crucial roles in characteristic reductive reactions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research on electron transfer in photo-excited TiO2. Particularly, the reactivity of electrons accumulated in CB and trapped at Tids on TiO2 is highlighted in the reduction of molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen, and the hydrogenation and dehalogenation of organic substrates. Finally, the prospects for developing highly active TiO2 photocatalysts are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-12
Back to TopTop