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Cells
Special Issues
Cellular Response to Biomaterials Designed for Tissue Engineering
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Cellular Response to Biomaterials Designed for Tissue Engineering

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Methods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 14222

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Katarzyna Klimek

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Guest Editor
Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
Interests: cell culture; cell-biomaterial interactions; biocompatibility; hydrogels; polymers; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; scaffolds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Grazyna Ginalska

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: biocompatible biomaterials; dental and orthopedics implants; inorganic/organic scaffolds; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary field that brings together knowledge from cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, transplantology and nanotechnology. The main role of TE is the replacement or regeneration of damaged cells, tissues or organs in order to restore their normal functions. Currently, the main strategy of TE focuses on the application of biologically active molecules, cells, and biomaterials—either together or separately. To date, many types of TE have been developed, such as skin TE, cartilage TE, bone TE, neural TE, liver TE, cardiac TE, kidney TE, etc. For this reason, many types of cells are used in TE, namely, stem cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, neurons, hepatocytes, cardiac myocytes, renal cells, macrophages, etc. On the other hand, the application of biomaterials may be associated with bacterial or fungal infections, so biomaterials possessing antimicrobial properties have received a great deal of attention in the field of TE. For this reason, the evaluation of interactions between bacteria or fungi and biomaterials are also crucial in the context of tissue regeneration processes.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the influence of various types of cells in TE applications, with particular emphasis on cellular response to biomaterials. All articles (original research papers and reviews) are welcome in this Special Issue. 

Submitted manuscripts should be primarily (but not only) concerned with:

  • Complex cell culture experiments in vitro allowing the evaluation of cell–biomaterial interactions (e.g., assessments of biocompatibility, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial or antifungal properties).
  • Application of living grafts (biomaterial with cells) for in vivo research.

Dr. Katarzyna Klimek
Prof. Dr. Grazyna Ginalska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • regenerative medicine
  • tissue engineering
  • biomaterials
  • scaffolds
  • cell-biomaterial interactions
  • cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation
  • stem cells
  • bacteria and fungi
  • inflamatory response

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2359 KiB  
Article
Novel Tuning of PMMA Orthopedic Bone Cement Using TBB Initiator: Effect of Bone Cement Extracts on Bioactivity of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
by Keiji Komatsu, Kosuke Hamajima, Ryotaro Ozawa, Hiroaki Kitajima, Takanori Matsuura and Takahiro Ogawa
Cells 2022, 11(24), 3999; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11243999 - 10 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2015
Abstract
Bone cement containing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a polymerization initiator are commonly used to fix orthopedic metal implants. However, toxic complications caused by bone cement are a clinically significant problem. Poly (methyl methacrylate) tri-n-butylborane (PMMA-TBB), a newly developed material containing TBB as a [...] Read more.
Bone cement containing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a polymerization initiator are commonly used to fix orthopedic metal implants. However, toxic complications caused by bone cement are a clinically significant problem. Poly (methyl methacrylate) tri-n-butylborane (PMMA-TBB), a newly developed material containing TBB as a polymerization initiator, was found to be more biocompatible than conventional PMMA-BPO bone cements due to reduced free radical generation during polymerization. However, free radicals might not be the only determinant of cytotoxicity. Here, we evaluated the response and functional phenotypes of cells exposed to extracts derived from different bone cements. Bone cement extracts were prepared from two commercial PMMA-BPO cements and an experimental PMMA-TBB. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and osteoclasts were cultured in a medium supplemented with bone cement extracts. More osteoblasts survived and attached to the culture dish with PMMA-TBB extract than in the culture with PMMA-BPO extracts. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were higher in the culture with PMMA-TBB extract. The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was significantly lower in the culture with PMMA-TBB extract. There was no difference in osteoclast-related gene expression in response to different bone cement extracts. In conclusion, PMMA-TBB extract was less toxic to osteoblasts than PMMA-BPO extracts. Although extracts from the different cement types did not affect osteoclast function, PMMA-TBB extract seemed to reduce osteoclastogenesis, a possible further advantage of PMMA-TBB cement. These implied that the reduced radical generation during polymerization is not the only determinant for the improved biocompatibility of PMMA-TBB and that the post-polymerization chemical elution may also be important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Response to Biomaterials Designed for Tissue Engineering)
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19 pages, 4366 KiB  
Article
Could Curdlan/Whey Protein Isolate/Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials Be Considered as Promising Bone Scaffolds?—Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Cytocompatibility towards Osteoblast Cells In Vitro
by Katarzyna Klimek, Krzysztof Palka, Wieslaw Truszkiewicz, Timothy E. L. Douglas, Aleksandra Nurzynska and Grazyna Ginalska
Cells 2022, 11(20), 3251; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11203251 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2028
Abstract
The number of bone fractures and cracks requiring surgical interventions increases every year; hence, there is a huge need to develop new potential bone scaffolds for bone regeneration. The goal of this study was to gain knowledge about the basic properties of novel [...] Read more.
The number of bone fractures and cracks requiring surgical interventions increases every year; hence, there is a huge need to develop new potential bone scaffolds for bone regeneration. The goal of this study was to gain knowledge about the basic properties of novel curdlan/whey protein isolate/hydroxyapatite biomaterials in the context of their use in bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this research was also to determine whether the concentration of whey protein isolate in scaffolds has an influence on their properties. Thus, two biomaterials differing in the concentration of whey protein isolate (i.e., 25 wt.% and 35 wt.%; hereafter called Cur_WPI25_HAp and Cur_WPI35_HAp, respectively) were fabricated and subjected to evaluation of porosity, mechanical properties, swelling ability, protein release capacity, enzymatic biodegradability, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility towards osteoblasts in vitro. It was found that both biomaterials fulfilled a number of requirements for bone scaffolds, as they demonstrated limited swelling and the ability to undergo controllable enzymatic biodegradation, to form apatite layers on their surfaces and to support the viability, growth, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts. On the other hand, the biomaterials were characterized by low open porosity, which may hinder the penetration of cells though their structure. Moreover, they had low mechanical properties compared to natural bone, which limits their use to filling of bone defects in non-load bearing implantation areas, e.g., in the craniofacial area, but then they will be additionally supported by application of mechanically strong materials such as titanium plates. Thus, this preliminary in vitro research indicates that biomaterials composed of curdlan, whey protein isolate, and hydroxyapatite seem promising for bone tissue engineering applications, but their porosity and mechanical properties should be improved. This will be the subject of our further work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Response to Biomaterials Designed for Tissue Engineering)
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16 pages, 6115 KiB  
Article
Blood Coagulation on Titanium Dioxide Films with Various Crystal Structures on Titanium Implant Surfaces
by Her-Hsiung Huang, Zhi-Hwa Chen, Diem Thuy Nguyen, Chuan-Ming Tseng, Chiang-Sang Chen and Jean-Heng Chang
Cells 2022, 11(17), 2623; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11172623 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2360
Abstract
Background: Titanium (Ti) is one of the most popular implant materials, and its surface titanium dioxide (TiO2) provides good biocompatibility. The coagulation of blood on Ti implants plays a key role in wound healing and cell growth at the implant site; [...] Read more.
Background: Titanium (Ti) is one of the most popular implant materials, and its surface titanium dioxide (TiO2) provides good biocompatibility. The coagulation of blood on Ti implants plays a key role in wound healing and cell growth at the implant site; however, researchers have yet to fully elucidate the mechanism underlying this process on TiO2. Methods: This study examined the means by which blood coagulation was affected by the crystal structure of TiO2 thin films (thickness < 50 nm), including anatase, rutile, and mixed anatase/rutile. The films were characterized in terms of roughness using an atomic force microscope, thickness using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and crystal structure using transmission electron microscopy. The surface energy and dielectric constant of the surface films were measured using a contact angle goniometer and the parallel plate method, respectively. Blood coagulation properties (including clotting time, factor XII contact activation, fibrinogen adsorption, fibrin attachment, and platelet adhesion) were then assessed on the various test specimens. Results: All of the TiO2 films were similar in terms of surface roughness, thickness, and surface energy (hydrophilicity); however, the presence of rutile structures was associated with a higher dielectric constant, which induced the activation of factor XII, the formation of fibrin network, and platelet adhesion. Conclusions: This study provides detailed information related to the effects of TiO2 crystal structures on blood coagulation properties on Ti implant surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Response to Biomaterials Designed for Tissue Engineering)
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22 pages, 15009 KiB  
Article
Electrospun Membrane Surface Modification by Sonocoating with HA and ZnO:Ag Nanoparticles—Characterization and Evaluation of Osteoblasts and Bacterial Cell Behavior In Vitro
by Julia Higuchi, Katarzyna Klimek, Jacek Wojnarowicz, Agnieszka Opalińska, Agnieszka Chodara, Urszula Szałaj, Sylwia Dąbrowska, Damian Fudala and Grazyna Ginalska
Cells 2022, 11(9), 1582; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091582 - 8 May 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6845
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration membranes are some of the most common products used for bone regeneration in periodontal dentistry. The main disadvantage of commercially available membranes is their lack of bone cell stimulation and easy bacterial colonization. The aim of [...] Read more.
Guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration membranes are some of the most common products used for bone regeneration in periodontal dentistry. The main disadvantage of commercially available membranes is their lack of bone cell stimulation and easy bacterial colonization. The aim of this work was to design and fabricate a new membrane construct composed of electrospun poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) fibers sonocoated with layers of nanoparticles with specific properties, i.e., hydroxyapatite and bimetallic nanocomposite of zinc oxide–silver. Thus, within this study, four different variants of biomaterials were evaluated, namely: poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) biomaterial, poly(D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano hydroxyapatite biomaterial, poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano zinc oxide–silver biomaterial, and poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano hydroxyapatite/nano zinc oxide–silver biomaterial. First, it was demonstrated that the wettability of biomaterials—a prerequisite property important for ensuring desired biological response—was highly increased after the sonocoating process. Moreover, it was indicated that biomaterials composed of poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) with or without a nano hydroxyapatite layer allowed proper osteoblast growth and proliferation, but did not have antibacterial properties. Addition of a nano zinc oxide–silver layer to the biomaterial inhibited growth of bacterial cells around the membrane, but at the same time induced very high cytotoxicity towards osteoblasts. Most importantly, enrichment of this biomaterial with a supplementary underlayer of nano hydroxyapatite allowed for the preservation of antibacterial properties and also a decrease in the cytotoxicity towards bone cells, associated with the presence of a nano zinc oxide–silver layer. Thus, the final structure of the composite poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano hydroxyapatite/nano zinc oxide–silver seems to be a promising construct for tissue engineering products, especially guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes. Nevertheless, additional research is needed in order to improve the developed construct, which will simultaneously protect the biomaterial from bacterial colonization and enhance the bone regeneration properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Response to Biomaterials Designed for Tissue Engineering)
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