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Cells
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Research on Photosynthesis under Stress
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Research on Photosynthesis under Stress

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant, Algae and Fungi Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 12972

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marek Zivcak

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
Interests: photosynthesis; crop physiology; stress; drought; heat stress; phenotyping

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photosynthetic activity is a major driver of life on Earth, fixing CO2 as well as producing biomass and organic compounds. Photosynthetic productivity is a primary determinant of plant yield, and the efficiency with which plants capture light and convert it into biomass is crucial to meet the food and energy demands on a global or regional scale. Photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus are conditioned by environmental variables. Abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, excess light, ultraviolet radiation, and environmental pollutants significantly impact photosynthesis, reducing the growth and yield of photosynthetic organisms. On the other hand, plants evolved a number of adaptive mechanisms that allow the photochemical and biochemical systems to cope with adverse changes in the environment. Understanding these processes is critical for advancing plant productivity improvements.

This Special Issue focuses on the effects of stress factors on plant photosynthetic processes, the regulation of stress responses, and critical mechanisms enabling the performance of the photosynthetic processes in conditions of abiotic or biotic stress. We welcome the submission of original research papers, reviews, and short communications focused on the processes of CO2 diffusion, biochemical reactions of carbon assimilation, light energy conversion and related photoprotective mechanisms, antioxidative protection in different photosynthetic organisms, including crop species, wild plants, and algae exposed to various stress conditions.

Dr. Marek Zivcak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photosynthesis
  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • stress tolerance
  • mechanisms of resistance

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6875 KiB  
Article
Performance of the Photosynthetic Apparatus under Glass with a Luminophore Modifying Red-To-Far-Red-Light Ratio—A Case Study
by Krzysztof M. Tokarz, Wojciech Makowski, Barbara Tokarz, Ewa Muszyńska, Zbigniew Gajewski, Stanisław Mazur, Edward Kunicki, Olgierd Jeremiasz, Piotr Sobik, Paweł Nowak, Karolina Miernicka, Kinga Mrzygłód and Piotr Rozpądek
Cells 2023, 12(11), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12111552 - 5 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1694
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the modified light spectrum of glass containing red luminophore on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus of two types of lettuce cultivated in soil in a greenhouse. Butterhead and iceberg lettuce were [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the modified light spectrum of glass containing red luminophore on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus of two types of lettuce cultivated in soil in a greenhouse. Butterhead and iceberg lettuce were cultivated in two types of greenhouses: (1) covered with transparent glass (control) and (2) covered with glass containing red luminophore (red). After 4 weeks of culture, structural and functional changes in the photosynthetic apparatus were examined. The presented study indicated that the red luminophore used changed the sunlight spectrum, providing an adequate blue:red light ratio, while decreasing the red:far-red radiation ratio. In such light conditions, changes in the efficiency parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus, modifications in the chloroplast ultrastructure, and altered proportions of structural proteins forming the photosynthetic apparatus were observed. These changes led to a decrease of CO2 carboxylation efficiency in both examined lettuce types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Photosynthesis under Stress)
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21 pages, 3412 KiB  
Article
Multiple Light-Dark Signals Regulate Expression of the DEAD-Box RNA Helicase CrhR in Synechocystis PCC 6803
by Sean P. A. Ritter, Logan A. Brand, Shelby L. Vincent, Albert Remus R. Rosana, Allison C. Lewis, Denise S. Whitford and George W. Owttrim
Cells 2022, 11(21), 3397; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11213397 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
Since oxygenic photosynthesis evolved in the common ancestor of cyanobacteria during the Archean, a range of sensing and response strategies evolved to allow efficient acclimation to the fluctuating light conditions experienced in the diverse environments they inhabit. However, how these regulatory mechanisms are [...] Read more.
Since oxygenic photosynthesis evolved in the common ancestor of cyanobacteria during the Archean, a range of sensing and response strategies evolved to allow efficient acclimation to the fluctuating light conditions experienced in the diverse environments they inhabit. However, how these regulatory mechanisms are assimilated at the molecular level to coordinate individual gene expression is still being elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that integration of a series of three distinct light signals generate an unexpectedly complex network regulating expression of the sole DEAD-box RNA helicase, CrhR, encoded in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The mechanisms function at the transcriptional, translational and post-translation levels, fine-tuning CrhR abundance to permit rapid acclimation to fluctuating light and temperature regimes. CrhR abundance is enhanced 15-fold by low temperature stress. We initially confirmed that the primary mechanism controlling crhR transcript accumulation at 20 °C requires a light quantity-driven reduction of the redox poise in the vicinity of the plastoquinone pool. Once transcribed, a specific light quality cue, a red light signal, was required for crhR translation, far-red reversal of which indicates a phytochrome-mediated mechanism. Examination of CrhR repression at 30 °C revealed that a redox- and light quality-independent light signal was required to initiate CrhR degradation. The crucial role of light was further revealed by the observation that dark conditions superseded the light signals required to initiate each of these regulatory processes. The findings reveal an unexpected complexity of light-dark sensing and signaling that regulate expression of an individual gene in cyanobacteria, an integrated mechanism of environmental perception not previously reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Photosynthesis under Stress)
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15 pages, 1991 KiB  
Article
Photosynthesis in Response to Different Salinities and Immersions of Two Native Rhizophoraceae Mangroves
by Chung-I Chen, Kuan-Hung Lin, Meng-Yuan Huang, Shau-Lian Wong, Tien-Szu Liao, Ming-Nan Chen, Jen-Hsien Weng, Mei-Li Hsueh, Yu-Hsiang Lai and Ching-Wen Wang
Cells 2022, 11(19), 3054; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11193054 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to rising sea levels as the plants are exposed to high salinity and tidal submergence. The ways in which these plants respond to varying salinities, immersion depths, and levels of light irradiation are poorly studied. To understand photosynthesis in [...] Read more.
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to rising sea levels as the plants are exposed to high salinity and tidal submergence. The ways in which these plants respond to varying salinities, immersion depths, and levels of light irradiation are poorly studied. To understand photosynthesis in response to salinity and submergence in mangroves acclimated to different tidal elevations, two-year-old seedlings of two native mangrove species, Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa, were treated at different salinity concentrations (0, 10, and 30 part per thousand, ppt) with and without immersion conditions under fifteen photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD μmol photon·m−2·s−1). The photosynthetic capacity and the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters of both species were measured. We found that under different PPFDs, electron transport rate (ETR) induction was much faster than photosynthetic rate (Pn) induction, and Pn was restricted by stomatal conductance (Gs). The Pn of the immersed K. obovata plants increased, indicating that this species is immersed-tolerant, whereas the Pn level of the R. stylosa plants is salt-tolerant with no immersion. All of the plants treated with 30 ppt salinity exhibited lower Pn but higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and heat quenching (D) values, followed by increases in the excess energy and photoprotective effects. Since NPQ or D can be easily measured in the field, these values provide a useful ecological monitoring index that may provide a reference for mangrove restoration, habitat creation, and ecological monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Photosynthesis under Stress)
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19 pages, 2999 KiB  
Article
The Adjustment Strategy of Venus Flytrap Photosynthetic Apparatus to UV-A Radiation
by Karolina Miernicka, Barbara Tokarz, Wojciech Makowski, Stanisław Mazur, Rafał Banasiuk and Krzysztof M. Tokarz
Cells 2022, 11(19), 3030; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11193030 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) to UV-A radiation stress as well as the role of selected secondary metabolites in this process. Plants were subjected to [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to investigate the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) to UV-A radiation stress as well as the role of selected secondary metabolites in this process. Plants were subjected to 24 h UV-A treatment. Subsequently, chl a fluorescence and gas exchange were measured in living plants. On the collected material, analyses of the photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic apparatus proteins content, as well as the contents and activity of selected antioxidants, were performed. Measurements and analyses were carried out immediately after the stress treatment (UV plants) and another 24 h after the termination of UV-A exposure (recovery plants). UV plants showed no changes in the structure and function of their photosynthetic apparatus and increased contents and activities of some antioxidants, which led to efficient CO2 carboxylation, while, in recovery plants, a disruption of electron flow was observed, resulting in lower photosynthesis efficiency. Our results revealed that D. muscipula plants underwent two phases of adjustment to UV-A radiation. The first was a regulatory phase related to the exploitation of available mechanisms to prevent the over-reduction of PSII RC. In addition, UV plants increased the accumulation of plumbagin as a potential component of a protective mechanism against the disruption of redox homeostasis. The second was an acclimatization phase initiated after the running down of the regulatory process and decrease in photosynthesis efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Photosynthesis under Stress)
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13 pages, 2686 KiB  
Article
The Dynamic Changes of Alternative Electron Flows upon Transition from Low to High Light in the Fern Cyrtomium fortune and the Gymnosperm Nageia nagi
by Jun-Bin Cheng, Shi-Bao Zhang, Jin-Song Wu and Wei Huang
Cells 2022, 11(17), 2768; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11172768 - 5 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms except angiosperms, an alternative electron sink that is mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) plays the major role in preventing PSI photoinhibition while cyclic electron flow (CEF) is also essential for normal growth under fluctuating light. However, the dynamic changes of [...] Read more.
In photosynthetic organisms except angiosperms, an alternative electron sink that is mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) plays the major role in preventing PSI photoinhibition while cyclic electron flow (CEF) is also essential for normal growth under fluctuating light. However, the dynamic changes of FLVs and CEF has not yet been well clarified. In this study, we measured the P700 signal, chlorophyll fluorescence, and electrochromic shift spectra in the fern Cyrtomium fortune and the gymnosperm Nageia nagi. We found that both species could not build up a sufficient proton gradient (∆pH) within the first 30 s after light abruptly increased. During this period, FLVs-dependent alternative electron flow was functional to avoid PSI over-reduction. This functional time of FLVs was much longer than previously thought. By comparison, CEF was highly activated within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light, which favored energy balancing rather than the regulation of a PSI redox state. When FLVs were inactivated during steady-state photosynthesis, CEF was re-activated to favor photoprotection and to sustain photosynthesis. These results provide new insight into how FLVs and CEF interact to regulate photosynthesis in non-angiosperms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Photosynthesis under Stress)
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22 pages, 2924 KiB  
Article
Effects of Novel Photosynthetic Inhibitor [CuL2]Br2 Complex on Photosystem II Activity in Spinach
by Sergey K. Zharmukhamedov, Mehriban S. Shabanova, Margarita V. Rodionova, Irada M. Huseynova, Mehmet Sayım Karacan, Nurcan Karacan, Kübra Begüm Aşık, Vladimir D. Kreslavski, Saleh Alwasel and Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
Cells 2022, 11(17), 2680; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11172680 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3135
Abstract
The effects of the novel [CuL2]Br2 complex (L = bis{4H-1,3,5-triazino [2,1-b]benzothiazole-2-amine,4-(2-imidazole)}copper(II) bromide complex) on the photosystem II (PSII) activity of PSII membranes isolated from spinach were studied. The absence of photosynthetic oxygen evolution by PSII membranes without artificial electron acceptors, [...] Read more.
The effects of the novel [CuL2]Br2 complex (L = bis{4H-1,3,5-triazino [2,1-b]benzothiazole-2-amine,4-(2-imidazole)}copper(II) bromide complex) on the photosystem II (PSII) activity of PSII membranes isolated from spinach were studied. The absence of photosynthetic oxygen evolution by PSII membranes without artificial electron acceptors, but in the presence of [CuL2]Br2, has shown that it is not able to act as a PSII electron acceptor. In the presence of artificial electron acceptors, [CuL2]Br2 inhibits photosynthetic oxygen evolution. [CuL2]Br2 also suppresses the photoinduced changes of the PSII chlorophyll fluorescence yield (FV) related to the photoreduction of the primary quinone electron acceptor, QA. The inhibition of both characteristic PSII reactions depends on [CuL2]Br2 concentration. At all studied concentrations of [CuL2]Br2, the decrease in the FM level occurs exclusively due to a decrease in Fv. [CuL2]Br2 causes neither changes in the F0 level nor the retardation of the photoinduced rise in FM, which characterizes the efficiency of the electron supply from the donor-side components to QA through the PSII reaction center (RC). Artificial electron donors (sodium ascorbate, DPC, Mn2+) do not cancel the inhibitory effect of [CuL2]Br2. The dependences of the inhibitory efficiency of the studied reactions of PSII on [CuL2]Br2 complex concentration practically coincide. The inhibition constant Ki is about 16 µM, and logKi is 4.8. As [CuL2]Br2 does not change the aromatic amino acids’ intrinsic fluorescence of the PSII protein components, it can be proposed that [CuL2]Br2 has no significant effect on the native state of PSII proteins. The results obtained in the present study are compared to the literature data concerning the inhibitory effects of PSII Cu(II) aqua ions and Cu(II)-organic complexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Photosynthesis under Stress)
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