Acute Kidney Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diseases

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Tissues and Organs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 6449

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, R&E Building, CB1124, Augusta, GA, USA
Interests: cell death; kidney injury regeneration; kidney repair; mitochondria; metabolism; autophagy; epigenetic regulation

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
2. Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
Interests: understanding the pathomechanisms of kidney diseases; investigating therapeutic targets for kidney fibrosis; ER stress proteins and UPR in kidney fibrosis; biomarker discovery and validation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Interests: mitochondrial biogenesis; metabolites; acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The kidney requires  substantial adenosine triphosphate to remove waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Aberrations in energy flow can lead to cellular dysfunction and death. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive these essential functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to the development of acute kidney injury and failure of recovery. Pathways of energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as critical drivers of acute kidney injury and represent new potential targets for treatment. Multiple novel regulators or metabolites such as PGC-1alpha, QPRT, NAD+ have been discovered in decades  and some mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants including SS-31 and CoQ10 are under clinic trials.

We invite all scientists working in the acute kidney injury field to participate in this Special Issue. Original research articles, reviews, or shorter perspective articles on all aspects related to acute kidney injury are welcome, including topics such as new molecular and cellular functions of the key players in acute kidney injury including but not limited to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy utilization, changes in metabolism and regulated cell death, and novel approaches with current, under clinical development, or newly emerging inhibitors which target to acute kidney injury.

Prof. Dr. Zheng Dong
Prof. Dr. Hassan Dihazi
Dr. Huihui Huang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • acute kidney injury
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • signal pathways
  • metabolites

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 5503 KiB  
Article
The Protective Pathways Activated in Kidneys of αMUPA Transgenic Mice Following Ischemia\Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
by Heba Abd Alkhaleq, Tony Karram, Ahmad Fokra, Shadi Hamoud, Aviva Kabala and Zaid Abassi
Cells 2023, 12(20), 2497; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12202497 - 20 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1525
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), the therapeutic approaches for AKI are disappointing. This deficiency stems from the poor understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI. Recent studies demonstrate that αMUPA, alpha murine urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgenic mice, display a [...] Read more.
Despite the high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), the therapeutic approaches for AKI are disappointing. This deficiency stems from the poor understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI. Recent studies demonstrate that αMUPA, alpha murine urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgenic mice, display a cardioprotective pathway following myocardial ischemia. We hypothesize that these mice also possess protective renal pathways. Male and female αMUPA mice and their wild type were subjected to 30 min of bilateral ischemic AKI. Blood samples and kidneys were harvested 48 h following AKI for biomarkers of kidney function, renal injury, inflammatory response, and intracellular pathways sensing or responding to AKI. αMUPA mice, especially females, exhibited attenuated renal damage in response to AKI, as was evident from lower SCr and BUN, normal renal histology, and attenuated expression of NGAL and KIM-1. Notably, αMUPA females did not show a significant change in renal inflammatory and fibrotic markers following AKI as compared with wild-type (WT) mice and αMUPA males. Moreover, αMUPA female mice exhibited the lowest levels of renal apoptotic and autophagy markers during normal conditions and following AKI. αMUPA mice, especially the females, showed remarkable expression of PGC1α and eNOS following AKI. Furthermore, MUPA mice showed a significant elevation in renal leptin expression before and following AKI. Pretreatment of αMUPA with leptin-neutralizing antibodies prior to AKI abolished their resistance to AKI. Collectively, the kidneys of αMUPA mice, especially those of females, are less susceptible to ischemic I/R injury compared to WT mice, and this is due to nephroprotective actions mediated by the upregulation of leptin, eNOS, ACE2, and PGC1α along with impaired inflammatory, fibrotic, and autophagy processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Kidney Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diseases)
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Review

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17 pages, 1054 KiB  
Review
The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury
by Estera Bakinowska, Kajetan Kiełbowski and Andrzej Pawlik
Cells 2024, 13(18), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181559 - 16 Sep 2024
Viewed by 758
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) describes a condition associated with elevated serum creatinine levels and decreased glomerular filtration rate. AKI can develop as a result of sepsis, the nephrotoxic properties of several drugs, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Renal damage can be associated with metabolic acidosis, [...] Read more.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) describes a condition associated with elevated serum creatinine levels and decreased glomerular filtration rate. AKI can develop as a result of sepsis, the nephrotoxic properties of several drugs, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Renal damage can be associated with metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and ionic disorders. As the molecular background of the pathogenesis of AKI is insufficiently understood, more studies are needed to identify the key signaling pathways and molecules involved in the progression of AKI. Consequently, future treatment methods may be able to restore organ function more rapidly and prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that belong to the non-coding RNA family. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated the altered expression profile of miRNAs in various diseases, including inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. As miRNAs are major regulators of gene expression, their dysregulation is associated with impaired homeostasis and cellular behavior. The aim of this article is to discuss current evidence on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AKI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Kidney Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diseases)
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15 pages, 1224 KiB  
Review
The Need to Identify Novel Markers for Early Renal Injury in Cardiorenal Syndrome
by Anna Lisa, Federico Carbone, Luca Liberale and Fabrizio Montecucco
Cells 2024, 13(15), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13151283 - 30 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2310
Abstract
The term “Cardiorenal Syndrome” (CRS) refers to the complex interplay between heart and kidney dysfunction. First described by Robert Bright in 1836, CRS was brought to its modern view by Ronco et al. in 2008, who defined it as one organ’s primary dysfunction [...] Read more.
The term “Cardiorenal Syndrome” (CRS) refers to the complex interplay between heart and kidney dysfunction. First described by Robert Bright in 1836, CRS was brought to its modern view by Ronco et al. in 2008, who defined it as one organ’s primary dysfunction leading to secondary dysfunction in the other, a view that led to the distinction of five different types depending on the organ of primary dysfunction and the temporal pattern (acute vs. chronic). Their pathophysiology is intricate, involving various hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and inflammatory processes that result in damage to both organs. While traditional biomarkers have been utilized for diagnosing and prognosticating CRS, they are inadequate for the early detection of acute renal damage. Hence, there is a pressing need to discover new biomarkers to enhance clinical outcomes and treatment approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Kidney Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diseases)
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Other

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20 pages, 1163 KiB  
Systematic Review
Hyperbaric Oxygenation: Can It Be a Novel Supportive Method in Acute Kidney Injury? Data Obtained from Experimental Studies
by Sanjin Kovacevic, Nikola Mitovic, Predrag Brkic, Milan Ivanov, Maja Zivotic, Zoran Miloradovic and Jelena Nesovic Ostojic
Cells 2024, 13(13), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13131119 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1063
Abstract
Despite constant achievements in treatment, acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant public health problem and a cause of mortality in the human population. In developed countries, AKI is a significant and frequent hospital complication, especially among patients admitted to intensive care units, [...] Read more.
Despite constant achievements in treatment, acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant public health problem and a cause of mortality in the human population. In developed countries, AKI is a significant and frequent hospital complication, especially among patients admitted to intensive care units, where mortality rates can reach up to 50%. In addition, AKI has been implicated as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) has been used as a primary or adjunctive therapy for the past 50 years, both in experimental and clinical studies. HBO is a treatment in which the patient is occasionally exposed to 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure at sea level. However, despite decades of extensive research, the potentially beneficial effects of this therapeutic approach are still not fully understood, although many potential mechanisms have been proposed, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, etc. Furthermore, the low cost and insignificant adverse events make HBO a potentially important strategy in the prevention and treatment of different diseases. Considering all of this, this review highlights the potential role of HBO in maintaining cellular homeostasis disrupted due to AKI, caused in different experimental models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Kidney Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diseases)
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