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Fat Is a Matter? The Implication of Adipose Tissue in...
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Fat Is a Matter? The Implication of Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2024) | Viewed by 11734

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sang Woo Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 210-701, Gangwon-do, Korea
Interests: stem cells; proteomics; transcriptomics; metabolic disease; ischemic heart; oxidative stress; obesity; diabetes; cell death

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The adipose tissue in the human body can be generally divided into two main anatomical depots (visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue) and is now recognized as an important regulator of cardiovascular health. Moreover, the interplay between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system is bidirectional, with vascular-derived and heart-derived signals directly affecting adipose tissue biology. Adipocytes play key roles in energy homeostasis throughout the body and can be classified as white adipocytes and brown adipocytes. More recently, the literature has suggested that white adipose tissue browning can be used as a novel therapeutic approach for treating cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It has been indicated that epicardial fat functions similarly to brown adipocyte tissue and provides heat directly to the cardiac muscle. Thus, epicardial adipose tissue may protect the heart during core body temperature drops or protect the body from adverse hemodynamic conditions such as ischemia and hypoxia.

The aim of the Special Issue will be to focus on the study of adipose tissue (or adipocyte) function in cardiovascular health and disease. We invite all scientists working on adipose tissue function in disease to participate in this Special Issue. Original research articles, reviews, or shorter perspective articles on all aspects related to the molecular and cellular mechanisms of adipose tissue in health and disease. Articles with insights from a cell and molecular biological perspective are especially welcome.

Dr. Sang Woo Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • adipose tissue
  • adipocyte
  • cardiovascular disease
  • metabolic disease
  • energy homeostasis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5072 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Osteocyte Differentiation: Cathepsin D and L Secretion by Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Jung-Won Choi, Soyeon Lim, Seung Eun Jung, Seongtae Jeong, Hanbyeol Moon, Byeong-Wook Song, Il-Kwon Kim, Seahyoung Lee, Ki-Chul Hwang and Sang Woo Kim
Cells 2023, 12(24), 2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12242852 - 17 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, and neural cells and promote tissue regeneration and healing. It is known that they can have variable responses to hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we aimed to explore [...] Read more.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, and neural cells and promote tissue regeneration and healing. It is known that they can have variable responses to hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we aimed to explore diverse changes in the cells and secretome of ASCs under a hypoxic environment over time and to present the possibility of ASCs as therapeutic agents from a different perspective. The expression differences of proteins between normoxic and hypoxic conditions (6, 12, or 24 h) were specifically investigated in human ASCs using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and secreted proteins in ASC-derived conditioned media (ASC-derived CM) were examined by an adipokine array. In addition, genetic and/or proteomic interactions were assessed using a DAVID and miRNet functional annotation bioinformatics analysis. We found that 64 and 5 proteins were differentially expressed in hypoxic ASCs and in hypoxic ASC-derived CM, respectively. Moreover, 7 proteins among the 64 markedly changed spots in hypoxic ASCs were associated with bone-related diseases. We found that two proteins, cathepsin D (CTSD) and cathepsin L (CTSL), identified through an adipokine array independently exhibited significant efficacy in promoting osteocyte differentiation in bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). This finding introduces a promising avenue for utilizing hypoxia-preconditioned ASC-derived CM as a potential therapeutic approach for bone-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fat Is a Matter? The Implication of Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Health and Disease)
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19 pages, 11682 KiB  
Article
Brite Adipocyte FGF21 Attenuates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Hearts by Modulating NRF2
by Hanbyeol Moon, Jung-Won Choi, Byeong-Wook Song, Il-Kwon Kim, Soyeon Lim, Seahyoung Lee, Gyoonhee Han, Ki-Chul Hwang and Sang Woo Kim
Cells 2022, 11(3), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030567 - 6 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3317
Abstract
Although the optimal therapy for myocardial infarction includes reperfusion to restore blood flow to the ischemic area, myocardial injury after ischemia/reperfusion usually leads to an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In this study, rat adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into low-thermogenic [...] Read more.
Although the optimal therapy for myocardial infarction includes reperfusion to restore blood flow to the ischemic area, myocardial injury after ischemia/reperfusion usually leads to an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In this study, rat adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into low-thermogenic beige adipocytes (LBACs) and high-thermogenic beige adipocytes (HBACs) to study the different cardioprotective effects of heterogeneous expression of brown adipocytes. We found that antioxidant and antiapoptotic factors in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were upregulated by high levels of secreted FGF21 in HBAC conditioned medium (HBAC-CM), whereas FGF21 in HBAC-CM did not affect antioxidative or antiapoptotic cell death in H9c2 cardiomyocytes with Nrf2 knockdown. These results show that NRF2 mediates antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects through the HBAC-secreted factor FGF21. Consistent with this finding, the expression of antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes was upregulated by highly secreted FGF21 after HBAC-CM treatment compared to LBAC-CM treatment in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via NRF2 activation. Furthermore, HBAC-CM significantly attenuated ischemic rat heart tissue injury via NRF2 activation. Based on these findings, we propose that HBAC-CM exerts beneficial effects in rat cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating NRF2 and has potential as a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial infarction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fat Is a Matter? The Implication of Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Health and Disease)
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Review

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19 pages, 1774 KiB  
Review
Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: New Insights in Vascular Disease
by Smara Sigdel, Gideon Udoh, Rakan Albalawy and Jinju Wang
Cells 2024, 13(16), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161309 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1069
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special deposit of fat tissue surrounding the vasculature. Previous studies suggest that PVAT modulates the vasculature function in physiological conditions and is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Understanding how PVAT influences vasculature function and vascular [...] Read more.
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special deposit of fat tissue surrounding the vasculature. Previous studies suggest that PVAT modulates the vasculature function in physiological conditions and is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Understanding how PVAT influences vasculature function and vascular disease progression is important. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel mediators of intercellular communication. EVs encapsulate molecular cargo such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can influence cellular functions by transferring the carried bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence indicates that PVAT-derived EVs play an important role in vascular functions under health and disease conditions. This review will focus on the roles of PVAT and PVAT-EVs in obesity, diabetic, and metabolic syndrome-related vascular diseases, offering novel insights into therapeutic targets for vascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fat Is a Matter? The Implication of Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Health and Disease)
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21 pages, 1248 KiB  
Review
Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Adiponectin in Vascular Homeostasis
by Adrian Sowka and Pawel Dobrzyn
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061485 - 12 Jun 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4471
Abstract
Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body [...] Read more.
Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body energy status through the induction of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin also has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, making it an interesting subject of biomedical studies. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat depot that is conterminous to the vascular wall and acts on it in a paracrine manner through adipokine secretion. PVAT-derived adiponectin can act on the vascular wall through endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present review describes adiponectin’s structure, receptors, and main signaling pathways. We further discuss recent studies of the extent and nature of crosstalk between PVAT-derived adiponectin and endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we argue whether adiponectin and its receptors may be considered putative therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fat Is a Matter? The Implication of Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Health and Disease)
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