Oxidative Stress, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2020) | Viewed by 10559

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D’Annunzio", 66100 Chieti Pescara, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; cellular biology; disease; network antioxidant; bioactive vegetable; endogenous antioxidant enzymes; inflammation; nutrition; translation medicine; life sciences
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies has shown that oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are conducive to fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, and ischemia/reperfusion damage. Numerous studies have evaluated the primary contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease.The effect of free radicals at the endothelial level is relevant and associated with increased expression of molecules of vascular adhesion (Vcam-1), oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In this context, factors related to lifestyle, such as eating habits, can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress, which can cause an increase in physiological ROS production that lowers the effectiveness of antioxidant defenses. In particular, it has been shown that an increase in caloric intake and/or the ingestion of oxidized by-products contained in inadequately controlled foods can increase the physiological "load" of oxidizing agents, while a reduced intake and/or decreased bioavailability of natural antioxidants—usually abundantly distributed in fruit and vegetables—can compromise the body's ability to eliminate ROS.

For this Special Issue of Cells, I solicit your contribution in the form of an original article or review on the various molecular networks that oxidative stress and nutrition can modify, leading to endothelial alterations and cardiovascular damage.

Prof. Lorenza Speranza
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Oxidative stress
  • Nitrosative stress
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Nutrition

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 1666 KiB  
Review
Visfatin: A Possible Role in Cardiovasculo-Metabolic Disorders
by Ali Dakroub, Suzanne A. Nasser, Nour Younis, Humna Bhagani, Yusra Al-Dhaheri, Gianfranco Pintus, Assaad A. Eid, Ahmed F. El-Yazbi and Ali H. Eid
Cells 2020, 9(11), 2444; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112444 - 9 Nov 2020
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 5664
Abstract
Visfatin/NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) is an adipocytokine with several intriguing properties. It was first identified as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor but turned out to possess enzymatic functions in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, with ubiquitous expression in skeletal muscles, liver, cardiomyocytes, and brain cells. Visfatin exists [...] Read more.
Visfatin/NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) is an adipocytokine with several intriguing properties. It was first identified as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor but turned out to possess enzymatic functions in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, with ubiquitous expression in skeletal muscles, liver, cardiomyocytes, and brain cells. Visfatin exists in an intracellular (iNAMPT) and extracellular (eNAMPT) form. Intracellularly, visfatin/iNAMPT plays a regulatory role in NAD+ biosynthesis and thereby affects many NAD-dependent proteins such as sirtuins, PARPs, MARTs and CD38/157. Extracellularly, visfatin is associated with many hormone-like signaling pathways and activates some intracellular signaling cascades. Importantly, eNAMPT has been associated with several metabolic disorders including obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes. In this review, a brief overview about visfatin is presented with special emphasis on its relevance to metabolic diseases. Visfatin/NAMPT appears to be a unique molecule with clinical significance with a prospective promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications in many cardiovasculo-metabolic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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20 pages, 731 KiB  
Review
Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases
by Chiara D’Angelo, Sara Franceschelli, José Luis Quiles and Lorenza Speranza
Cells 2020, 9(9), 1932; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9091932 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4221
Abstract
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are [...] Read more.
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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