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Crystals
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Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films
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Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Energy Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 10914

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhenhuang Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204 China
Interests: perovskite solar cells; interface electronic structure; synchrotron scattering; GIWAXS; crystallization kinetics; XRD
Dr. Lingfeng Chao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
Interests: perovskite solar cells; ionic liquids; solution chemistry of perovskite precursor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic and inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as a highly promising class of optoelectronic semiconductors, offering advantages such as facile processing, tunable bandgaps, and superior charge-transfer properties. These materials have shown great potential for various applications, including perovskite solar cells (PSCs), perovskite light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), perovskite photodetectors (PPDs), and perovskite lasers. The field of perovskite optoelectronics is inherently interdisciplinary, encompassing chemistry, physics, and materials science. Recent advancements in material synthesis and device fabrication have significantly propelled the development of perovskite optoelectronic applications. Notably, PSCs have experienced remarkable progress in recent years, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increasing from 3.8% in 2009 to 26% for single-junction laboratory-scale devices, rivaling commercial silicon-based solar cells. A crucial factor contributing to this success is the development of various solution-based synthesis and film-deposition techniques, enabling precise control over the morphology and composition of hybrid perovskite films. However, several scientific challenges still need to be addressed in the field of perovskite optoelectronic devices. These include the stability of perovskite precursor solutions and thin films, the regulation of thin-film crystallization kinetic processes, and understanding the mechanisms governing perovskite phase transitions. Currently, there is a pressing need for further research and investment in perovskite films to enhance their performance. Additionally, addressing the open questions and emerging topics mentioned above remains crucial and timely.

The present Special Issue on the "Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films" may provide a comprehensive and scholarly examination of the field of perovskite optoelectronics. This Special Issue seeks to deepen our understanding and accelerate the development of perovskite optoelectronic devices.

Dr. Zhenhuang Su
Dr. Lingfeng Chao
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • perovskite solar cells
  • perovskite films
  • perovskite light-emitting diode
  • perovskite photodetectors
  • perovskite lasers
  • synchrotron scattering
  • interface electronic structure
  • GIWAXS
  • XRD
  • crystallization kinetics
  • optical properties
  • transport properties

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 5775 KiB  
Article
Perovskite Quantum Dot/Zinc Oxide Composite Films for Enhanced Luminance
by Nikita Khairnar, Hyukmin Kwon, Sunwoo Park, Sangwook Park, Hayoon Lee and Jongwook Park
Crystals 2024, 14(11), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110937 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 500
Abstract
We conducted experiments utilizing the scattering effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs). This study involved investigating the method for creating a CsPbBr3 and ZnO mixture and [...] Read more.
We conducted experiments utilizing the scattering effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs). This study involved investigating the method for creating a CsPbBr3 and ZnO mixture and determining the optimal mixing ratio. A mixture dispersion of CsPbBr3 and ZnO, prepared at a 1:0.015 weight ratio through shaking, was fabricated into a film using the spin coating method. The PL intensity of this film showed a relative increase of 20% compared to the original CsPbBr3 QD film without ZnO. The scattering effect of ZnO was confirmed through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and transient PL experiments, and a long-delayed exciton lifetime was observed in the optimized mixture dispersion thin film. The morphology of the fabricated film was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the CsPbBr3-ZnO mixture (1:0.0015) film, crystal domains of approximately 10 nm were observed using TEM. Through AFM analysis, an excellent film roughness of 4.6 nm was observed, further confirming the potential of perovskite QD/ZnO composite films as promising materials for enhanced photoconversion intensity. In future studies, applying this method to other perovskite materials and metal oxides for the optimization of photoconversion composite materials is expected to enable the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite QD/metal oxide composite films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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10 pages, 6452 KiB  
Article
One-Step Fabrication for CsPbBr3 Perovskite Thin Film via a Facile Ion-Solution Spraying Approach
by Jin Chen, Jinpeng Xu, Yu Sun, Fengchao Wang, Jing Yang, Yunchen Dou, Canyun Zhang and Jinfang Kong
Crystals 2024, 14(7), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14070604 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 882
Abstract
In the current work, a facile ion-solution spraying strategy was employed for one-step fabrication of CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films under atmosphere. The dependences of sample properties on annealing parameters (toleration temperature and duration time) were investigated in detail. As the results suggested, [...] Read more.
In the current work, a facile ion-solution spraying strategy was employed for one-step fabrication of CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films under atmosphere. The dependences of sample properties on annealing parameters (toleration temperature and duration time) were investigated in detail. As the results suggested, the sample prepared at 200 °C for 15 min featured better properties than others. The sample displayed a cubic phase with good crystallinity, a dense and compact morphology, a bandgap energy of 2.289 eV, and an average decay lifetime of 55.536 ns. Furthermore, the sample presented a Br-rich state, which was favorable for the carrier behavior and structure stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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15 pages, 3277 KiB  
Article
Influence of MACl on the Crystallization Kinetics of Perovskite via a Two-Step Method
by Chenyue Wang, Bingchen He, Meirong Fu, Zhenhuang Su, Liujiang Zhang, Junhan Zhang, Bingbao Mei and Xingyu Gao
Crystals 2024, 14(5), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050399 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1455
Abstract
The addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) significantly improves the performance and stability of perovskite fabricated by two-step processes. However, its role in crystallization dynamics has not been thoroughly studied. In this work, a comparison study is carried out using different additions of MACl [...] Read more.
The addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) significantly improves the performance and stability of perovskite fabricated by two-step processes. However, its role in crystallization dynamics has not been thoroughly studied. In this work, a comparison study is carried out using different additions of MACl to investigate the impact of the perovskite crystallization dynamics. In situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) observations during the annealing process of perovskite revealed that the amount of MACl significantly influences the crystallinity and orientation of the perovskite. Increasing the MACl addition enhances the crystallinity of the perovskite in the wet film‘s intermediate phase and strengthens the out-of-plane orientation of the FAPbI3 perovskite α-phase (001) planes during annealing. Moreover, it was found that both excessive and insufficient amounts of MACl introduce defects into the perovskite, which are detrimental to device performance. In contrast, an optimal ratio of MACl-9 mg leads to the formation of uniform and large-grained FAPbI3 perovskite films, with the longest carrier lifetimes (163.7 ns) compared to MACl-5 mg (68.4 ns) and MACl- 13 mg (120.1 ns). As a result, the fabricated MACl-9 mg-based solar cell achieved the highest efficiency (22.63%), which is higher than those of MACl-5 mg (21.47%) and MACl-13 mg (20.07%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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10 pages, 3118 KiB  
Article
Unraveling the Effect of Compositional Ratios on the Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Machine Learning Techniques
by Vijay C. Karade, Santosh S. Sutar, Jun Sung Jang, Kuldeep Singh Gour, Seung Wook Shin, Mahesh P. Suryawanshi, Rajanish K. Kamat, Tukaram D. Dongale, Jin Hyeok Kim and Jae Ho Yun
Crystals 2023, 13(11), 1581; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111581 - 12 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1933
Abstract
In the Kesterite family, the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) have demonstrated the highest device efficiency with non-stoichiometric cation composition ratios. These composition ratios have a strong influence on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the CZTSSe absorber [...] Read more.
In the Kesterite family, the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) have demonstrated the highest device efficiency with non-stoichiometric cation composition ratios. These composition ratios have a strong influence on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the CZTSSe absorber layer. So, in this work, a machine learning (ML) approach is employed to evaluate effect composition ratio on the device parameters of CZTSSe TFSCs. In particular, the bi-metallic ratios like Cu/Sn, Zn/Sn, Cu/Zn, and overall Cu/(Zn+Sn) cation composition ratio are investigated. To achieve this, different machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees (DTs) and classification and regression trees (CARTs), are used. In addition, the output performance parameters of CZTSSe TFSCs are predicted by both continuous and categorical approaches. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and XGBoost (XGB) algorithms are employed for the continuous approach. On the other hand, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor’s algorithms are also used for the categorical approach. Through the analysis, it is observed that the DT and CART algorithms provided a critical composition range well suited for the fabrication of highly efficient CZTSSe TFSCs, while the XGB and ANN showed better prediction accuracy among the tested algorithms. The present work offers valuable guidance towards the integration of the ML approach with experimental studies in the field of TFSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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16 pages, 5213 KiB  
Article
Studies on Optoelectronic and Transport Properties of XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs): A DFT Insight
by Debidatta Behera, Boumaza Akila, Sanat Kumar Mukherjee, Tesfaye Abebe Geleta, Ahmed Shaker and Mostafa M. Salah
Crystals 2023, 13(10), 1437; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101437 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2762
Abstract
Modern manufacturing is aiming for products that are readily available, environmentally sustainable, and energy efficient. This paper delves into the exploration of compounds meeting these criteria. Specifically, we investigate the structural, elastic, optoelectronic, and transport properties of XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs) compounds [...] Read more.
Modern manufacturing is aiming for products that are readily available, environmentally sustainable, and energy efficient. This paper delves into the exploration of compounds meeting these criteria. Specifically, we investigate the structural, elastic, optoelectronic, and transport properties of XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs) compounds utilizing the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave program (FP LAPW), a component of Wien2K software. Structural optimization is carried out through the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) approach, yielding lattice constants consistent with preceding numerical and experimental studies. The explored XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs) materials exhibit ductility and mechanical stability. Notably, XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs) displays a direct bandgap, signifying its semiconducting nature. The bandgap values, as determined by the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) approach, stand at 2.07 eV for X = Rb and 2.14 eV for XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs). Furthermore, utilizing the BoltzTraP software’s transport feature, we investigate thermoelectric properties. Remarkably, XSnBr3 (X = Rb/Cs) demonstrates impressive figures of merit (ZT) at room temperature, implying its potential to serve as a material for highly efficient thermoelectric devices. This research holds promise for contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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10 pages, 3846 KiB  
Article
Ionic Liquid Additives for Efficient and Durable Two-Step Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices
by Fei Wang, Yonggui Sun, Taomiao Wang, Guo Yang, Qiannan Li, Yongjun Li, Haoran Lin, Xuejuan Wan, Gang Li and Hanlin Hu
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091370 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have found widespread use in controlling the crystallization process of perovskites, optimizing the morphology and enhancing the device performance, especially in the one-step method. However, research regarding the effects of ionic liquids on perovskite devices prepared using the two-step method [...] Read more.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have found widespread use in controlling the crystallization process of perovskites, optimizing the morphology and enhancing the device performance, especially in the one-step method. However, research regarding the effects of ionic liquids on perovskite devices prepared using the two-step method remains relatively scarce. Here, an IL 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate (HMIMBF4) is selected as an additive in the perovskite precursor solution for the fabrication of PSCs using the two-step method. Our study involves a systematic exploration of the precise effects of ILs on the morphology of perovskite thin films, defect density, and photovoltaic performance. IL HMIMBF4 is convincingly shown to possess a robust chemical affinity with perovskite components, thereby establishing a basis for the inhibition of ion migration. Concurrently, ILs play a pivotal role in governing the morphology of perovskite while also facilitating the conversion of lead iodide into the perovskite structure. Benefiting from the regulation of the perovskite morphology and defect states by IL HMIMBF4, the devices with an efficiency exceeding 23% is ultimately achieved. Our research provides a comprehensive comprehension and contributes to advancing the utilization of ILs in two-step photovoltaic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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11 pages, 6393 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Ferromagnetism Induced by Chemical Doping and Epitaxial Strain in La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 Films
by Changzheng Xie, Zhijie Chen, Xinghua Wang, Ying Meng and Yihao Wang
Crystals 2023, 13(4), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040623 - 4 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1359
Abstract
The perovskite LaCoO3 and La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 thin films were synthesized successfully by a polymer-assisted deposition method. The structural characterization and thermal decomposition measurements indicate that appropriately increasing the annealing temperature is helpful in improving the film crystallinity. Compared [...] Read more.
The perovskite LaCoO3 and La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 thin films were synthesized successfully by a polymer-assisted deposition method. The structural characterization and thermal decomposition measurements indicate that appropriately increasing the annealing temperature is helpful in improving the film crystallinity. Compared with LaCoO3 films, the Curie temperature is enhanced to a higher temperature in La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 films, which is attributed to the changes in both the valence state and spin state induced by the chemical doping. In addition, a broad transition temperature region is observed in La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 films, revealing the existence of inhomogeneous ground states in this system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Prospects of Perovskite Films)
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