Imaging-Based Early Diagnosis of Cancers Using Artificial Intelligence

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 4941

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Interests: radiology; CT; MRI; PET; nuclear medicine; neuroendocrine tumors; liver; pancreas; gastrointestinal; tumor ablation
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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0027 Oslo, Norway
Interests: abdominal imaging; CT technology; liver imaging; pancreatic cancer: early detection and screening; non-vascular intervention; body composition; CT radiostereometric analysis (CT-RSA)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in the effective treatment of cancer, as it significantly improves patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have emerged as promising tools in the field of medicine, particularly in the early detection of cancer. By leveraging advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques, AI can analyze vast amounts of medical data to identify patterns and markers indicative of cancer. AI-based diagnostic systems can analyze various types of medical imaging, such as mammograms, CT scans, and MRIs, with exceptional accuracy. These systems can detect subtle abnormalities and have the potential to assist radiologists in making more confident and timely diagnoses. Moreover, AI can integrate multiple data sources, including genetic profiles and patient histories, to provide a comprehensive assessment of cancer risk. The use of AI methods in early cancer diagnosis offers several advantages. It can facilitate the identification of cancer at its earliest stages when treatment options are more effective and less invasive. Additionally, AI systems promise to help to reduce diagnostic errors and improve the efficiency of healthcare processes, leading to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. However, there are challenges to overcome in implementing AI-based cancer diagnosis. Ensuring the privacy and security of patient data, addressing ethical concerns, and integrating AI seamlessly into existing healthcare systems are important considerations.

This Special Issue invites authors to present their findings, comments, and challenging experiences with AI regarding imaging-based early diagnosis as well as imaging biomarkers serving as risk factors and prognostic co-factors in different types of human cancers.

Prof. Dr. Timm Denecke
Dr. Anselm Schulz
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • screening
  • prevention
  • detection
  • staging
  • body composition
  • computer-aided diagnosis
  • PET
  • CT
  • MRI
  • mammography
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • diagnostic radiology
  • cancers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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21 pages, 3781 KiB  
Article
Predicting Breast Cancer Relapse from Histopathological Images with Ensemble Machine Learning Models
by Ghanashyam Sahoo, Ajit Kumar Nayak, Pradyumna Kumar Tripathy, Amrutanshu Panigrahi, Abhilash Pati, Bibhuprasad Sahu, Chandrakanta Mahanty and Saurav Mallik
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(11), 6577-6597; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31110486 - 24 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Relapse and metastasis occur in 30–40% of breast cancer patients, even after targeted treatments like trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer. Accurate individual prognosis is essential for determining appropriate adjuvant treatment and early intervention. This study aims to enhance relapse and metastasis prediction using [...] Read more.
Relapse and metastasis occur in 30–40% of breast cancer patients, even after targeted treatments like trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer. Accurate individual prognosis is essential for determining appropriate adjuvant treatment and early intervention. This study aims to enhance relapse and metastasis prediction using an innovative framework with machine learning (ML) and ensemble learning (EL) techniques. The developed framework is analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, which has 123 HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our two-stage experimental approach first applied six basic ML models (support vector machine, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, adaptive boosting, and extreme gradient boosting) and then ensembled these models using weighted averaging, soft voting, and hard voting techniques. The weighted averaging ensemble approach achieved enhanced performances of 88.46% accuracy, 89.74% precision, 94.59% sensitivity, 73.33% specificity, 92.11% F-Value, 71.07% Mathew’s correlation coefficient, and an AUC of 0.903. This framework enables the accurate prediction of relapse and metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients using H&E images and clinical data, thereby assisting in better treatment decision-making. Full article
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36 pages, 6144 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Cancer: Innovations, Applications, and Future Directions
by Tuan D. Pham, Muy-Teck Teh, Domniki Chatzopoulou, Simon Holmes and Paul Coulthard
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(9), 5255-5290; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31090389 - 6 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing head and neck cancer (HNC) care by providing innovative tools that enhance diagnostic accuracy and personalize treatment strategies. This review highlights the advancements in AI technologies, including deep learning and natural language processing, and their applications in HNC. [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing head and neck cancer (HNC) care by providing innovative tools that enhance diagnostic accuracy and personalize treatment strategies. This review highlights the advancements in AI technologies, including deep learning and natural language processing, and their applications in HNC. The integration of AI with imaging techniques, genomics, and electronic health records is explored, emphasizing its role in early detection, biomarker discovery, and treatment planning. Despite noticeable progress, challenges such as data quality, algorithmic bias, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration remain. Emerging innovations like explainable AI, AI-powered robotics, and real-time monitoring systems are poised to further advance the field. Addressing these challenges and fostering collaboration among AI experts, clinicians, and researchers is crucial for developing equitable and effective AI applications. The future of AI in HNC holds significant promise, offering potential breakthroughs in diagnostics, personalized therapies, and improved patient outcomes. Full article
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