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Diagnostics
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2928

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabrizio Guarracini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrophysiology Unit, Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
Interests: atrial fibrillation ablation; ventricular tachycardia ablation; supraventricular tachycardia ablation; left atrial appendage closure; ICD/PM implantation; cardiac leads extraction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Cristina Giannattasio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Clinical Cardiology Unit, De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
2. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular disease; risk stratification; preventive cardiology; hypertension; dyslipidaemias; heart failure management; interventional cardiology; coronary artery disease; arrythmias

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, impacting individuals across all stages of life. This Special Issue focuses on cardiovascular disease, encompassing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various CVD conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. This Special Issue also covers the complex interplay between CVD and other chronic conditions like diabetes, renal disease, and metabolic disorders, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary care. We aim to publish high-quality scientific articles that contribute to reducing the global burden of CVD through innovative research and clinical practice. Submissions addressing novel approaches in diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic interventions, as well as those exploring the role of lifestyle, genetics, and emerging technologies in CVD management, are particularly welcome. We invite original research articles, case studies, case reports, and reviews that explore cardiovascular disease across diverse populations and age groups. By bringing together research from across the cardiovascular spectrum, this Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of cardiovascular disease and foster improved patient outcomes

Dr. Fabrizio Guarracini
Prof. Dr. Cristina Giannattasio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • risk stratification
  • preventive cardiology
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidaemias
  • heart failure management
  • interventional cardiology
  • coronary artery disease
  • arrythmias

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1353 KiB  
Article
A Pilot Study Investigating the Relationship Between Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vascular Index and Coronary Artery Ectasia
by Dogukan Comerter and Tufan Cinar
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030286 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 325
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) between patients with coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and healthy individuals. Methods: This study included 34 patients with CAE and 40 age-matched healthy [...] Read more.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) between patients with coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and healthy individuals. Methods: This study included 34 patients with CAE and 40 age-matched healthy subjects with normal coronary arteries. Measurements of ChT and CVI were taken using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, employing the binarization method for CVI calculation. Additional parameters, including central macula thickness (CMT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCC) thickness, were also documented. Results: The results indicated no significant differences in either subfoveal ChT or in ChT at 1500 µm both nasal and temporal to the fovea. However, significant differences were noted in ChT at the 500 µm nasal and temporal areas. The CVI was found to be significantly lower in the CAE group compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, this study noted a significant difference in GCC thickness between the two groups, while no significant differences were observed in CMT and RNFL measurements. Conclusions: The findings suggest that patients with CAE exhibit decreased ChT and CVI in comparison to healthy controls. This highlights the potential role of ChT and CVI as important markers of disease in coronary artery ectasia, offering valuable insights into systemic cardiovascular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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12 pages, 1188 KiB  
Article
Diagnostic Potential of CTRP5 and Chemerin for Coronary Artery Disease: A Study by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
by Taha Okan, Cihan Altın, Caner Topaloglu, Mehmet Doruk and Mehmet Birhan Yılmaz
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020206 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 438
Abstract
Background/Objectives: As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue produces adipokines that influence coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study was to assess the potential value of CTRP5 and chemerin in differentiating coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) versus [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue produces adipokines that influence coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective of this study was to assess the potential value of CTRP5 and chemerin in differentiating coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) versus non-CAD. Secondarily, within the CCTA-confirmed CAD group, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the severity and extent of CAD, as determined by coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and the levels of CTRP5 and chemerin. Methods: Consecutive individuals with chest pain underwent CCTA to evaluate coronary artery anatomy and were divided into two groups. The CCTA-confirmed CAD group included patients with any atherosclerotic plaque (soft, mixed, or calcified) regardless of calcification, while the non-CAD group consisted of individuals without plaques on CCTA, with zero CACS, and without ischemia on stress ECG. Secondarily, in the CCTA-confirmed CAD group, the severity and extent of CAD were evaluated using CACS. Blood samples were collected and stored at −80 °C for analysis of CTRP5 and chemerin levels via ELISA. Results: Serum CTRP5 and chemerin levels were significantly higher in the CAD group compared to the non-CAD group (221.83 ± 103.81 vs. 149.35 ± 50.99 ng/mL, p = 0.003 and 105.02 ± 35.62 vs. 86.07 ± 19.47 ng/mL, p = 0.005, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a CTRP5 cutoff of 172.30 ng/mL had 70% sensitivity and 73% specificity for identifying CAD, while a chemerin cutoff of 90.46 ng/mL had 61% sensitivity and 62% specificity. A strong positive correlation was observed between CTRP5 and chemerin, but neither adipokine showed a correlation with the Agatston score, a measure of CAD severity and extent, nor with coronary artery stenosis as determined by CCTA. Conclusions: CTRP5 and chemerin were significantly elevated in the CCTA-confirmed CAD group compared to the non-CAD group, with CTRP5 showing greater sensitivity and specificity. However, neither adipokine was linked to CAD severity and extent, differing from findings based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). CTRP5 may serve as a promising “all-or-none biomarker” for CAD presence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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14 pages, 2007 KiB  
Article
The Possible Role of Rosuvastatin Therapy in HFpEF Patients—A Preliminary Report
by Tomasz Urbanowicz, Ievgen Spasenenko, Marta Banaszkiewicz, Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska, Aleksandra Krasińska-Płachta, Andrzej Tykarski, Krzysztof J. Filipiak, Zbigniew Krasiński and Beata Krasińska
Diagnostics 2024, 14(22), 2579; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222579 - 16 Nov 2024
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndromes has been reported in tandem with increasing age and burdens of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Identifying possible risk and modulatory HFpEF factors has significant epidemiological and clinical value. This study [...] Read more.
Background: An increasing number of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndromes has been reported in tandem with increasing age and burdens of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Identifying possible risk and modulatory HFpEF factors has significant epidemiological and clinical value. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with chronic coronary syndrome depending on rosuvastatin therapy. Method: There were 81 (33 (41%) male) consecutive patients with a median age of 70 (62–75) years, presenting with stable heart failure symptoms according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification I to III. They presented with chronic coronary syndrome and were hospitalized between March and August 2024. Patients were divided according to the type of long-term lipid-lowering therapy into patients with rosuvastatin and with other statin therapy. The echocardiographic analysis based on diastolic dysfunction evaluation was performed on admission and compared with demographical, clinical, and laboratory results. Results: In the multivariable model for diastolic dysfunction prediction in the analyzed group based on three echocardiographic parameters, septal E’ below 7 cm/s, lateral E’ below 10 cm/s, and LAVI above 34 mL/m2, the following factors were found to be significant: sex (male) (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04–0.83, p = 0.027), obesity (defined as BMI > 30) (OR: 12.78, 95% CI: 2.19–74.50, p = 0.005), and rosuvastatin therapy (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02–0.51, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Rosuvastatin therapy can be regarded as a possible protective therapy against left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in chronic coronary syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Review

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12 pages, 1355 KiB  
Review
Growth Hormone and Heart Failure: Implications for Patient Stratification, Prognosis, and Precision Medicine
by Nikolaos Theodorakis, Magdalini Kreouzi, Christos Hitas, Dimitrios Anagnostou and Maria Nikolaou
Diagnostics 2024, 14(24), 2831; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14242831 - 16 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 980
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While standard treatments primarily target neurohormonal pathways, emerging evidence highlights the significant role of hormonal deficiencies, such as impaired growth hormone (GH) signaling, in HF progression and outcomes. GH is crucial [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While standard treatments primarily target neurohormonal pathways, emerging evidence highlights the significant role of hormonal deficiencies, such as impaired growth hormone (GH) signaling, in HF progression and outcomes. GH is crucial for cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, and its deficiency has been associated with worse prognosis. This review synthesizes recent findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore how GH can contribute to personalized care and improve patient stratification in HF. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed up to 10 October 2024. Search terms included “growth hormone” combined with “heart failure”, “HFrEF”, “HFpEF”, and “HFmrEF.” Only placebo-controlled RCTs published in English and involving human subjects were considered. Data on study design, participant characteristics, GH dosing, and key clinical outcomes were systematically extracted and analyzed. Several trials demonstrated that GH therapy can transiently improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), exercise capacity, and reduce inflammatory markers. For example, one study has reported an increase in LVEF from 32 ± 3.8% to 43.8 ± 4.6% (p = 0.002), following three months of GH therapy in post-MI HF patients. However, benefits diminished after discontinuation. Additional studies have observed sustained improvements in peak oxygen consumption and LVEF over four years, with an additional trend towards hard endpoint improvement. Conversely, some studies showed no significant impact on cardiac function, highlighting heterogeneity in outcomes. As a result, GH therapy holds promise for improving cardiac and functional parameters in HF patients, but evidence remains mixed. Larger, long-term RCTs are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. Precision medicine approaches and biomarker-driven strategies may optimize patient outcomes and guide clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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