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Energies
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Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies II
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Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 November 2024 | Viewed by 8306

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiaohan Ren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: biomass pyrolysis; biomass combustion; biomass gasification; biomass utilization; combustion analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fei Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: carbon-based materials for energy or environment; electrochemical energy conversion and storage (Li/Na ion batteries/capacitors, EDLCs, electrocatalysis); coal-based carbon materials; coal pyrolysis; pollutants recyclable/synergistic removal technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Juan Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: solid fuels; clean combustion; pollutants control; coal combustion; oxy-fuel combustion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change is among the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. Concerns about the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil-based fuels have promoted the use of renewable sources of energy. These include renewable biomass, which is readily available. Notably, during the past few decades, municipal solid waste (MSW) has been drastically increasing around the world as a result of the growing urbanization. The development of the utilization of alternative resources has raised a number of other tasks and constraints linked to the nature of renewable resources, including the treatment, processing, thermal conversion, and applied technologies, and, thus, a large number of critical views on this issue. Hence, in this research topic, different kinds of “Thermal Conversion Technologies” for biomass and MSW utilization could be discussed herein.

Dr. Xiaohan Ren
Prof. Dr. Fei Sun
Dr. Juan Chen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • thermochemical conversion (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification) of biomass
  • MSW drying, incineration and pyrolysis
  • physical conversion (pelletizing, densification, extraction)
  • liquid biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol and bio-oils
  • life-cycle analysis of the conversion process
  • carbon materials based on biomass and MSW
  • other thermal conversion technologies on biomass and MSW

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2267 KiB  
Article
Coffee Grounds as an Additive to Wood Pellets
by Piotr Sołowiej, Maciej Neugebauer and Ogulcan Esmer
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4595; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184595 - 13 Sep 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
The immense popularity of coffee around the world generates significant amounts of coffee grounds. They are often improperly disposed of, which can have a negative impact on the environment. Due to their chemical composition and physical properties, coffee grounds are an excellent bioenergy [...] Read more.
The immense popularity of coffee around the world generates significant amounts of coffee grounds. They are often improperly disposed of, which can have a negative impact on the environment. Due to their chemical composition and physical properties, coffee grounds are an excellent bioenergy material. This paper presents a study of the feasibility of using spent coffee grounds (CG) as an additive to pine sawdust (PS) pellets to improve their energy properties. The tests were carried out on samples of pellets consisting of 100% PS, 100% CG, and mixtures of 95% PS and 5% CG, 85% PS and 15% CG, and 70% PS and 30% CG. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out to determine the suitability of the obtained pellet as a biofuel in accordance with ISO 17225. Combustion tests were also carried out in a laboratory boiler to analyze flue gases and determine CO and NOx emissions in accordance with EN-303-5 for biomass boilers. The amount of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was also determined. Experimental results show that the addition of CG to PS reduces the durability of the pellets and increases CO and NOx emissions but increases their energy value and reduces the amount of VOC emissions. The requirements of both standards were fulfilled with a mixture of 95% PS and 5% CG. However, test results show that it is possible to add CG to PS in amounts up to 15%, although this will require additional research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies II)
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15 pages, 2487 KiB  
Article
Liquid Fuel Generation from Onion Shell: An Experimental Approach of Pyrolysis Process
by Md. Alamgir Hossain, Fazlur Rashid, Md. Shamim Akhter, Muhammad Aziz and Md. Emdadul Hoque
Energies 2024, 17(9), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092171 - 1 May 2024
Viewed by 1520
Abstract
Energy demand is rising over time in both developing and developed countries. Therefore, finding new sources of energy is a prime concern now. For this effort, this paper presents the pyrolysis of onion (Allium cepa) shells in a reactor with a [...] Read more.
Energy demand is rising over time in both developing and developed countries. Therefore, finding new sources of energy is a prime concern now. For this effort, this paper presents the pyrolysis of onion (Allium cepa) shells in a reactor with a fixed bed for generating alternative liquid fuel. This paper also compares alternative fuel characteristics, including higher heating value, viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point, with conventional petroleum fuels at optimal process conditions. The work adopted pyrolysis to produce liquid fuel at a temperature range of 400–550 °C and utilized LPG to provide a heat source. The liquid product (fuel oil) was collected, and non-condensable gas was flared. The liquid product was tested for various properties, and the results of the analyses show that alternative fuel has a higher heating value of 12.227 MJ/kg, density of 800 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.3 cP at 30 °C, pour point below −6.2 °C, and flash point around 137 °C, with a variation due to the volatile matters. To obtain favorable conditions for pyrolysis, some parameters, including bed temperature, sample quantity, average particle size, and operating time, were varied and analyzed. The physio-chemical properties made the alternative fuels isolated from conventional petroleum fuels due to the variation in distillation temperature. This work shows that the fuel oil generated from the pyrolysis of onion shells could be considered an alternative source of fuel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies II)
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21 pages, 8029 KiB  
Article
CO2 Adsorption Performance of Activated Coke Prepared from Biomass and Coal
by He Gao, Shaohua Wang, Miaomiao Hao, Wei Shao, Shuhui Zhang, Lei Zhang and Xiaohan Ren
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3872; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093872 - 3 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2677
Abstract
CO2 adsorption is one of the promising CCS technologies, and activated coke is a solid adsorbent with excellent adsorption properties. In this study, activated coke was prepared by using bituminous coal and coconut shells activated with KOH or CaCl2 in a [...] Read more.
CO2 adsorption is one of the promising CCS technologies, and activated coke is a solid adsorbent with excellent adsorption properties. In this study, activated coke was prepared by using bituminous coal and coconut shells activated with KOH or CaCl2 in a physically activated atmosphere and modified with ammonia. The effect of the active agent impregnation ratio on the physicochemical properties of activated coke was investigated by N2 adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The CO2 adsorption performance of activated coke was tested, and the effect of nitrogen-containing functional groups on CO2 adsorption was investigated by experiments and simulations. The results showed that the specific surface area of activated coke reached 629.81 m2/g at a KOH impregnation ratio of 0.5 and 610.66 m2/g at a CaCl2 impregnation ratio of 1. The maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of activated coke reached 71.70 mg/g and 90.99 mg/g for conventional power plant flue gas and oxy–fuel combustion flue gas, respectively. After ammonia modification, the CO2 adsorption capacity of activated coke was further increased. Simulations showed that pyrrole and pyrrole functional groups changed the polarity of graphene and established weak interactions with CO2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies II)
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17 pages, 4119 KiB  
Article
Process Optimization and CO2 Emission Analysis of Coal/Biomass Gasification Integrated with a Chemical Looping Process
by Ratikorn Sornumpol, Dang Saebea, Amornchai Arpornwichanop and Yaneeporn Patcharavorachot
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2728; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062728 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2583
Abstract
Biomass gasification is an attractive technology and one of the pathways for producing hydrogen. Due to the variable seasons and low calorific value of biomass, the addition of coal in the gasifier is suggested because coal has a high calorific value and carbon-to-hydrogen [...] Read more.
Biomass gasification is an attractive technology and one of the pathways for producing hydrogen. Due to the variable seasons and low calorific value of biomass, the addition of coal in the gasifier is suggested because coal has a high calorific value and carbon-to-hydrogen ratio. In general, the gaseous product obtained in gasification always contains a high amount of carbon dioxide, therefore, the co-gasification of biomass and coal should integrate with the calcium looping carbon dioxide capture process to provide purified hydrogen. In this work, the model of the co-gasification of biomass and coal integrated with the calcium looping carbon dioxide capture process was developed through an Aspen Plus simulator. The developed model was used to analyze the performance of this process. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that increasing the gasification temperature, steam-to-feed (S/F) ratio, calcium oxide-to-feed (CaO/F) ratio, and regenerator temperature could improve hydrogen production. Next, further optimization was performed to identify the optimal operating condition that maximizes hydrogen production. The results showed that the optimal operating temperature of the gasifier is 700 °C with an S/F mass ratio of 2 and coal to biomass (C/B) mass ratio of 0.75:0.25. However, the carbonator and regenerator temperatures should be 450 °C and 950 °C, respectively, with a CaO/F mass ratio of 3. Under these operating conditions, the maximum H2 content and H2 yield can be provided as 99.59%vol. (dry basis) and 92.38 g hydrogen/kg biomass feeding. The other results revealed that the energy efficiency and carbon capture efficiency of this process are 42.86% and 99.99%, respectively, and that the specific emission of released CO2 is 80.77 g CO2/MJ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies II)
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