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Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in the Paradigm of Energy Transition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 October 2021) | Viewed by 22938

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. School of Management and Technology, Santarém Polytechnic University, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 295, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
2. Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics (CEFAGE), University of Évora, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
3. Center for African and Development Studies, Lisbon University, 1200-781 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: international economics; energy economics; sustainable development; tourism; economic growth
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Guest Editor
Department of Applied Economics, International Economy Institute, Institute of Tourism Research, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
Interests: energy economics; environmental degradation; tourism; trade openness
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economics and Business Statistics and Economic Policy, University of Castilla La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
Interests: energy economics; environmental degradation; public finances; tourism; economic growth; ICT; education; STEM employment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Energies aims to reflect on the current role that energy transition is playing on the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation, mainly through the empirical evidence of the EKC. Without abandoning this fundamental objective, this Special Issue also considers among its goals to share advances in the study of the impact that energy efficiency processes exercise not only on economic systems but also to deepen the social, environmental, and sustainability impact. Finally, the present Special Issue also intends to gather new empirical approaches to the link between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation, taking into consideration the role that natural resources and energy play on this connection. Therefore, it is intended to collect contributions aimed at validating the pollution shelter hypothesis, sustained in a new energy context. On the other hand, the current economic and energy context at the global level requires the analysis of the opening of trade, tourism, and globalization as fundamental drivers not only of economic growth but also of the processes of energy transition and environmental correction. As such, this Special Issue also aims to advance the role that energy innovation processes exercise on economic systems and how technical obsolescence can be harmful to ecological correction procedures.

Consequently, this Special Issue aims to capture further developments in the impact of economic growth and energy use on environmental degradation, considering as key variables the role that foreign direct investment, urbanization, tourism or energy innovation play on environmental degradation and social development, all under the umbrella of new econometric techniques of database analysis.

Prof. Dr. Nuno Carlos Leitão
Prof. Dr. Daniel Balsalobre Lorente
Prof. Dr. Oana M Driha
Prof. Dr. José María Cantos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Energy economics
  • Economic growth
  • Tourism-led growth hypothesis
  • Pollution haven hypothesis
  • Environmental Kuznets curve
  • Renewable energy
  • Energy RD&D
  • Carbon emissions
  • Ecological footprint
  • Trade openness
  • Air transport
  • Urbanization
  • FDI
  • Sustainable growth

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1356 KiB  
Article
Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption in BRICS: Assessing the Dynamic Linkage between Foreign Capital Inflows and Energy Consumption
by Zhexuan Qin and Ilhan Ozturk
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2974; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102974 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
This study attempt to fill the research gap by figuring out the dynamic effects of foreign capital inflows effect on renewable energy and non-renewable consumption by using the time series non-linear ARDL approach for BRICS from 1991 to 2019. Non-linear ARDL estimates show [...] Read more.
This study attempt to fill the research gap by figuring out the dynamic effects of foreign capital inflows effect on renewable energy and non-renewable consumption by using the time series non-linear ARDL approach for BRICS from 1991 to 2019. Non-linear ARDL estimates show that positive change in foreign capital inflows has a positive effect on renewable consumption in Brazil, India, and South Africa in long run. Also, the negative change in foreign capital inflows exhibits negatively liked with renewable energy consumption in BRICS economies, except Russia in long run. We find that positive shock in foreign capital inflows tends to increase non-renewable energy consumption in BRICS except India in the long run. Finding suggests that negative change in foreign capital inflows has negative impacts on non-renewable energy consumption in India and Brazil, while the positive effect in only China in the long run. Full article
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17 pages, 6888 KiB  
Article
Assessing Eco-Efficiency in Asian and African Countries Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis
by Victor Moutinho and Mara Madaleno
Energies 2021, 14(4), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041168 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2709
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental efficiency of Asian and African economies. In the model proposed, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered as the desired output and Greenhouse Gases (GHG), like carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as the undesirable [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental efficiency of Asian and African economies. In the model proposed, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered as the desired output and Greenhouse Gases (GHG), like carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as the undesirable output. Capital, labor, fossil fuels, and renewable energy consumption are regarded as inputs, and the GDP/CO2 ratio is the output, by using a log-linear Translog production function and using data from 2005 until 2018, including 22 Asian and 22 African countries. Results evidence cross-countries heterogeneity among production inputs, namely labor, capital, and type of energy use and its efficiency. The models complement each other and are based on different distributional assumptions and estimation methods while providing a picture of Eco-efficiency in Asian and African economies. Labor and renewable energy share increase technical Eco-efficiency, while fixed capital decreases it under time-variant models. Technical improvements in Eco-efficiency are verified through time considering the time variable into the model estimations, replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources. An inverted U-shaped Eco-efficiency function is found concerning the share of fossil fuel consumption. Important policy implications are drawn from the results regarding the empirical results. Full article
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17 pages, 826 KiB  
Article
Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain
by Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Nuno Carlos Leitão and Festus Victor Bekun
Energies 2021, 14(1), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010250 - 5 Jan 2021
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 4870
Abstract
The present study is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) that address pertinent global issues. This study focuses on the need for access to clean and affordable energy consumption, responsible energy consumption, sustainable economic growth, and climate change mitigation. [...] Read more.
The present study is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) that address pertinent global issues. This study focuses on the need for access to clean and affordable energy consumption, responsible energy consumption, sustainable economic growth, and climate change mitigation. To this end, this paper evaluates the relevance of the renewable energy sector on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain for the period 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, we adopt the use of panel data over the highlighted countries. In the first step, we apply the unit root test recommended by Levin, Lin, and Chu in conjunction with ADF-Fisher, and Phillips-Perron for robustness and consistency. We found that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The generalized least squares (GLS), the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), ordinary least squares robust (OLS), and panel quantile regression are considered in this research. The econometric results validate the assumption of the environmental Kuznets curve, i.e., and there is a positive correlation between income per capita and a negative effect of squared income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, we observe that renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. Finally, we also find a direct connection between the urban population and the environmental degradation in the examined blocs. These results show that in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain, more is required to achieve environmental sustainability in the respective countries growth trajectory. Further policy prescriptions are appended in the concluding section of this study. Full article
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16 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
The Linkage between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union
by Nuno Carlos Leitão and Daniel Balsalobre Lorente
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4838; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184838 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 131 | Viewed by 6475
Abstract
This paper evaluates the link between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism arrivals, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (EU-28). As an econometric strategy, the research uses panel data. In the first step, we apply the unit root test, and [...] Read more.
This paper evaluates the link between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism arrivals, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (EU-28). As an econometric strategy, the research uses panel data. In the first step, we apply the unit root test, and the results demonstrated that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and generalized moments system (GMM-System) estimator are considered in this research. The econometric results proved that trade openness and renewable energy decreased climate change and environmental degradation. The empirical study also found a positive effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, tourism arrivals are negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, showing sustainability practices of the tourism sector on the environment. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions in the long run present a positive impact, indicating that climate change increases. In this study, we also consider the recent methodology of Dumitrescu–Hurlin to observe the causality and the relationship between renewable energy, trade openness, economic growth, tourism arrivals, and carbon dioxide emissions. Full article

Review

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32 pages, 1633 KiB  
Review
Economic Issues in Deep Low-Carbon Energy Systems
by Ignacio Mauleón
Energies 2020, 13(16), 4151; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164151 - 11 Aug 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3460
Abstract
The main interlinked challenges to achieve a low-carbon emission economy are analyzed. It is argued first that there are no obstacles to a free market working effectively with a high penetration of distributed Renewable Energies (RE), since intermittency has been overstated, and affordable [...] Read more.
The main interlinked challenges to achieve a low-carbon emission economy are analyzed. It is argued first that there are no obstacles to a free market working effectively with a high penetration of distributed Renewable Energies (RE), since intermittency has been overstated, and affordable storage solutions are available because of strong learning rates. Demand-side management policies are promising too, neither are there foreseeable boundaries to the availability of economically extractable photovoltaic and wind energies. A full 100% RE system may be more challenging though, partly because bioenergy, a key dispatchable source in most available RE roadmaps, clashes with growing food needs and reforestation to counter greenhouse gases emissions. Similarly, the green growth proposal is constrained by materials availability, mainly cobalt and phosphorus, which will also constrain the deployment of electric vehicles. Alternatively, the United Nations Human Development Index may be a more suitable target for a sustainable RE system. Although history is not reassuring, the main global economic hurdle is possibly existing fossil fuel-related investments, likely to become stranded. An assessment of their value yields a substantially lower figure than is sometimes claimed, though. Finally, a limited role for nuclear energy is assessed positively, provided it is publicly owned. Full article
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