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Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II
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Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 11118

Special Issue Editor

Dr. George Halkos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Operations Research, Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, 28hs Octovriou 78, 383 33 Volos, Greece
Interests: applied statistics and econometrics; simulations of economic modelling; environmental economics; applied micro-economic with emphasis in welfare economics; air pollution; game theory; mathematical models (non-linear programming)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Energy consumption and economic growth have been of great interest to researchers and policymakers. Knowledge of the actual causal relationship between energy and the economy with respect to the environment will help us to model environmental and growth policies. The development of new energy and environmental policies, the new climate regime, and the development of new scientific techniques provide us with opportunities for further research. Projects on energy efficiency have been prioritized in the portfolio of policies of many countries, as these policies are considered to be no-regret options, meaning that they may even provide gains for the economy. In order to fill a gap in the literature, this Special Issue aims to provide an analysis of energy–environment–economy interrelations, paying special attention to the potential impact of energy and economic growth on the environment.

Prof. Dr. George Halkos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • economic growth
  • energy management
  • energy environmental
  • renewable energy
  • green energy economy
  • energy and health
  • environmental funding
  • energy communities

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2559 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Forecasting Models of Oil Demand Emerging from the Global Petrochemical Sector
by Raed Al Mestneer and Carlo Andrea Bollino
Energies 2024, 17(20), 5046; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205046 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 683
Abstract
In the global energy mix by 2040, the growth in demand for oil and gas will be predominantly driven by the petrochemical sector across all regions of the world. The strong performance of this industry is anticipated to necessitate additional volumes of key [...] Read more.
In the global energy mix by 2040, the growth in demand for oil and gas will be predominantly driven by the petrochemical sector across all regions of the world. The strong performance of this industry is anticipated to necessitate additional volumes of key feedstocks. Therefore, understanding the demand dynamics within the petrochemical sector is crucial for policy makers and industry stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding economic diversification, economic planning, and environmental sustainability. However, there is a notable lack of existing literature that explicitly addresses comprehensive regional and product-level demand modeling for petrochemical feedstocks. In this context, this study aims to estimate the demand for four main petrochemical feedstocks (Naphtha, Ethane, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and other petrochemical feedstocks) across eight regions of the world. By estimating a total of 30 equations for price and income elasticities of demand in both the short and long term, the study provides detailed insights into the factors driving demand across different regions. The results demonstrate the robustness of the model, with good econometric properties and significant coefficients. In-sample regional simulations revealed small percentage errors across all regional equations, highlighting the model’s accuracy in tracking historical data. For each of the four feedstocks, an aggregate world equation—in other words, one single econometric world equation for each of the four petrochemical feedstocks’ categories mentioned earlier—was also estimated and compared against the aggregation of the regional simulations, with the latter found to track the history of global petrochemical feedstock demand better in-sample than a single econometric world equation. Overall, the study offers valuable contributions to the existing literature by filling a gap in comprehensive demand modeling for petrochemical feedstocks. It underscores the importance of regional and product-level analyses in understanding global demand patterns and informing strategic decisions in the industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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19 pages, 5561 KiB  
Article
Exploitation of Mineral Resources in Conditions of Volatile Energy Prices: Technical and Economic Analysis of Low-Quality Deposits
by Zbigniew Krysa, Przemysław Bodziony and Michał Patyk
Energies 2024, 17(14), 3379; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143379 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 989
Abstract
In mining projects and production operations, energy carrier costs (fuel, electricity) constitute the primary component of variable costs. This study outlines a methodology for projecting operating costs in a surface mine or quarry in order to find the optimal configuration of mining equipment [...] Read more.
In mining projects and production operations, energy carrier costs (fuel, electricity) constitute the primary component of variable costs. This study outlines a methodology for projecting operating costs in a surface mine or quarry in order to find the optimal configuration of mining equipment to extract low-grade secondary deposits, taking into account volatile energy prices. For illustration, the operating costs of five variants of mining equipment deployed to mine low-grade products were analysed, with the price of energy and fuels being the key cost component and the main risk factor. There were differences between the initial investment outlays and operating costs involved in all analysed variants, whilst the starting point for estimating the technical and economic parameters involved in the respective solutions was the predefined configuration of the mining equipment. Further, the decision to commence or discontinue mining operations could be supported by the simulation procedure based on the economic model. The results provided valuable insights into the cost-effectiveness of low-grade deposit extraction scenarios, depending on the projected unit costs of fuels and energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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18 pages, 917 KiB  
Article
An Examination of Households’ Attitudes towards Renewable Energy Source Investments in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
by Marta Stanisławska
Energies 2023, 16(20), 7100; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207100 - 15 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1157
Abstract
This study presents findings from an empirical investigation into households’ decisions to further invest in renewable energy sources (RES). In the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, the survey gathered responses from 300 single-family homeowners who had already invested in RES. Notably, household income emerged as [...] Read more.
This study presents findings from an empirical investigation into households’ decisions to further invest in renewable energy sources (RES). In the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, the survey gathered responses from 300 single-family homeowners who had already invested in RES. Notably, household income emerged as a significant influencer, with higher income levels correlating to a greater inclination for RES investment. Surprisingly, owning photovoltaic batteries was associated with reduced intent for further RES investment, potentially indicating contentment with prior outcomes. Moreover, many respondents reported decreased energy costs post-RES investment, underscoring its economic viability. Nonetheless, results also revealed a perceived shortfall in government financial support, suggesting a need for more effective support mechanisms. Economic factors, including financial accessibility and perceived profitability, were pivotal drivers for RES investment. Policy interventions should account for these factors to bolster green energy adoption, particularly for low-income households. Future research should probe the reasons behind perceived government support insufficiency and discern the roles of different forms of financial assistance. These endeavors could refine policy frameworks and invigorate energy transition efforts. In conclusion, the study highlights households’ keen interest in RES investment in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Household income stood out as a critical determinant, underlining economic factors’ sway over investment decisions. An intriguing observation was that prior photovoltaic battery ownership might temper enthusiasm for future RES investments. Most respondents experienced energy cost reduction, reinforcing RES benefits, though calls for improved government support remain. Economic considerations drive RES investment and warrant policy attention. Future research could probe the causes of perceived support shortfalls and untangle financial aid impacts for more targeted approaches to energy transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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16 pages, 5692 KiB  
Article
Possibility of Energy Recovery from Airflow around an SUV-Class Car Based on Wind Tunnel Testing
by Paweł Ruchała, Olga Orynycz, Wit Stryczniewicz and Karol Tucki
Energies 2023, 16(19), 6965; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16196965 - 6 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
For many years, technological progress has been observed in the field of minimizing energy consumption by devices and increasing the efficiency of energy generation from freely available sources. Energy harvesting (EH) is one of the ways to increase the energy available in vehicles. [...] Read more.
For many years, technological progress has been observed in the field of minimizing energy consumption by devices and increasing the efficiency of energy generation from freely available sources. Energy harvesting (EH) is one of the ways to increase the energy available in vehicles. The manuscript presents the results of a series of laboratory tests carried out in a wind tunnel using a 1:10 scale model of an SUV. The aim of the tests was to measure the air velocity in the footsteps of the car. The speed field has been identified at more than 188,000 points in the space behind or next to the car, considering the symmetry of the vehicle. The total energy was aggregated for 2760 points in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry. From the tests carried out, it was found that the highest speed was achieved just behind the trunk of the car, at a distance of about 20% of the length of the car. Interestingly, the speed in this area was higher than the speed of the car. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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21 pages, 2980 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Criteria Approach to Evaluate Sustainability: A Case Study of the Navarrese Wine Sector
by María Dolores Mainar-Toledo, Maider Gómez Palmero, Maryori Díaz-Ramírez, Iñaki Mendioroz and David Zambrana-Vasquez
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6589; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186589 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1028
Abstract
The present work introduces a multi-criteria approach focused on the evaluation of wine production, considering the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. In this sense, the most relevant key performance indicators were selected within each dimension and disaggregated into sub-indicators to [...] Read more.
The present work introduces a multi-criteria approach focused on the evaluation of wine production, considering the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. In this sense, the most relevant key performance indicators were selected within each dimension and disaggregated into sub-indicators to address the different sustainability aspects within the wine value chain. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process was applied as the method to weight the relevance of the three dimensions and corresponding key performance indicators, in order to allow the producers to understand which aspects need to be covered to improve their production sustainability. Results demonstrate how the approach proposed is able to identify, for both the vineyard and winery, the strengths and weaknesses regarding the sustainability performance of their production. Additionally, this study also contributes by shedding light on the most suitable and recommended actions to increase the company’s sustainability from a sustainable perspective. Additionally, it is important to highlight that, although the developed approach is specifically designed for the wine sector in the Navarrese region, it can be replicated by adjusting the key performance indicator selection to apply this methodology to the reality in other wine production regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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17 pages, 2755 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Viability of Adopting Battery Electric Vehicles in Bus Rapid Transit in Brazil Using the AHP Method
by Gabriel Santos Rodrigues, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Olga Orynycz, Karol Tucki, Sivanilza Teixeira Machado and Helcio Raymundo
Energies 2023, 16(13), 4858; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134858 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2627
Abstract
Public transport is essential to provide urban mobility, and cities need to offer a fast, comfortable, secure, and low-pollutant public transport mode to attract passengers and reduce private car use. Despite metros, trains, and light rail systems being desirable, the cost of implementation [...] Read more.
Public transport is essential to provide urban mobility, and cities need to offer a fast, comfortable, secure, and low-pollutant public transport mode to attract passengers and reduce private car use. Despite metros, trains, and light rail systems being desirable, the cost of implementation and low flexibility make bus services the best option for many cities. One solution for improving bus service systems is the implementation of bus rapid transit systems that are composed of buses running in segregated lines with pre-payment fares and level boarding platforms in stations. However, the main challenge of bus systems is the use of engines fueled by diesel, which is extremely polluted. One possible solution is the use of battery buses; but are they really feasible regarding daily operation cost? In this paper, we investigate the adoption of battery buses in comparison to diesel engines in a BRT system using municipal data from São Paulo, Brazil, as a reference. We collected operational data from the Sao Paulo city government transport agency and data from the literature to produce an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, which allowed us to compare both systems. The AHP model considered a triple-bottom-line perspective using social, economic, and environmental impact criteria. The result showed that the initial costs of acquisition can be a barrier, but in the long run, cities adopting battery buses in their BRT system can benefit from the effects of reduction in gas emissions and longer lifetimes of electric bus components. Moreover, the results showed that the adoption of battery buses in BRT systems depends on local government subsidies being implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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25 pages, 1917 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Influence of the Spark Plug on Exhaust Gas Composition
by Karol Tucki, Olga Orynycz, Leszek Mieszkalski, Joao Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Jonas Matijošius, Michał Wocial, Ivan Kuric and Simone Pascuzzi
Energies 2023, 16(11), 4381; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114381 - 28 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2838
Abstract
This paper analyses the influence of the type of electrode in a spark plug on exhaust gas emission. The objects of the research were the following vehicles of different years of production: the Volkswagen Beetle 1300, the Honda Nighthawk 650, the BMW e46 [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the influence of the type of electrode in a spark plug on exhaust gas emission. The objects of the research were the following vehicles of different years of production: the Volkswagen Beetle 1300, the Honda Nighthawk 650, the BMW e46 318i, the Hyundai i10, and the Audi A4 B6. The vehicles were powered by petrol and LPG. Spark plugs were selected for the vehicles, with different kinds of construction for the main electrodes and different numbers of poles but with similar heat values. A comparative analysis of the composition of the exhaust gas mixture was performed, depending on the set of spark plugs used. The amount of CO, HC, CO2, and O2 emissions was analysed. The results were compared with the applicable exhaust gas emission standards. Both in the case of E5 95 petrol and LPG gas, lower exhaust gas emissions were observed when iridium spark plugs were used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations II)
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