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Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 26759

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratoire IRIMAS, IUT de Mulhouse, Université de Haute Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
Interests: electrical variation and event identification; artificial neural network applications; signal processing for power quality improvement; energy efficiency; smart metering; signal analysis; support vector machines (SVM); electrical energy storage, battery management systems

Special Issue Information

Power quality has a major impact on global economic activities. Problems related to power quality are currently responsible for generating serious damages in terms of operating losses, compromised personal safety, additional production costs, etc. Efficient energy management depends directly on a good knowledge of the disturbances affecting the power quality. Recent research works have investigated and improved power quality by developing advanced identification and control methods. Improving the quality of the power involves intelligent control laws based on signal processing, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, model predictive control, linear–quadratic–Gaussian control, etc.

Applying advanced techniques to improve power quality in real-time applications is a challenging problem, and this Special Issue proposes to explore the latest advances.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Power quality improvement using fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks
  • Harmonics identification and frequency tracking with signal processing
  • Control of active power filter (APF)
  • Power factor correction
  • Improving the performance of AC power systems in terms of reactive power management and transient stability
  • Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) for power transmission systems
  • Advanced methods for fault detection and classification in power transmission lines
  • Advanced methods for detection and classification of appliances and power quality monitoring

Prof. Dr. Djaffar Ould Abdeslam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Power quality
  • Power factor
  • Harmonics identification
  • Active filtering
  • Energy monitoring
  • Signal processing
  • Artificial neural network
  • Fuzzy logic

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 6655 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design of C-Type Filter in Harmonics Polluted Distribution Systems
by Rohollah Tamaskani, Masume Khodsuz and Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1587; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041587 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2646
Abstract
This paper aims to find the optimal size of parameters of a C-type filter in a non-sinusoidal system using a new optimization method called the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The inductance and capacitance values of the filter are acquired in which the power [...] Read more.
This paper aims to find the optimal size of parameters of a C-type filter in a non-sinusoidal system using a new optimization method called the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The inductance and capacitance values of the filter are acquired in which the power loss in the Thevenin resistor and the power loss characteristics of the load bus are minimized based on a new proposed objective function. Subject to technical and practical limitations of the IEEE 519 standard, an optimization problem is defined to achieve an optimal filter design that can increase the system power quality. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by comparison with the recent previously published methods. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach using the AOA in finding the minimum power losses and the harmonic content of frequency-dependent components. Eventually, the current study confirmed that the suggested objective function minimizes power losses of fundamental and harmonic order harmonics in non-sinusoidal systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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19 pages, 9366 KiB  
Article
Enhanced TVI for Grid Forming VSC under Unbalanced Faults
by Markel Zubiaga, Carmen Cardozo, Thibault Prevost, Alain Sanchez-Ruiz, Eneko Olea, Pedro Izurza, Siam Hasan Khan and Joseba Arza
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6168; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196168 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3040
Abstract
With an increasing capacity of inverter-based generation and with a 100% renewable energy power system on the horizon, grid forming converters have the potential to become the prevalent control mode in the grid. Thus, the correct performance of these devices is going to [...] Read more.
With an increasing capacity of inverter-based generation and with a 100% renewable energy power system on the horizon, grid forming converters have the potential to become the prevalent control mode in the grid. Thus, the correct performance of these devices is going to be crucial for system stability and security of supply. Most research related to the grid-forming control is focused on normal operating conditions, although significant effort has been devoted to current limitation strategies to ensure Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability. However, most contributions usually consider only balanced faults. This paper, proposes a new current limiting method based on the well-known threshold virtual impedance (TVI) that keeps the voltage source behaviour associated to the grid forming (GFM) capability, even when the current limit is reached, while reducing the voltage unbalance according to user-defined settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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24 pages, 8620 KiB  
Article
Phasor Estimation of Transient Electrical Signals Composed of Harmonics and Interharmonics
by Jon Vazquez, Jose Felix Miñambres, Miguel Angel Zorrozua and Jorge Lázaro
Energies 2021, 14(16), 5166; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165166 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1912
Abstract
Numerical relays have become essential tools for carrying out the protection and surveillance tasks of electrical power systems. These relays implement their functions from the phasors of the electrical network signals, estimated by digital processing using digital filters. Digital filters must meet certain [...] Read more.
Numerical relays have become essential tools for carrying out the protection and surveillance tasks of electrical power systems. These relays implement their functions from the phasors of the electrical network signals, estimated by digital processing using digital filters. Digital filters must meet certain requirements, such as providing a fast and effective response to increasingly complex transient signals made up of components that make the estimation process difficult. In addition to the decreasing exponential (decaying dc offset), harmonics, and signal noise, it must be added that the interharmonic components that in recent years have acquired great relevance, mainly because of the increase in non-linear loads and the extensive use of power electronic systems. The presence of these interharmonic components causes a poor response in most of the filters implemented today. This article presents the design of a new digital filter, C-CharmDF (Cleaned Characteristic Harmonic Digital Filter) for phasor estimation on noisy transient signals with decreasing exponential components, harmonics, and interharmonics. A detailed study was carried out for severe transient situations and stationary signals. It was found that the method can be suitable for relays that implement both fault location functions and system protection functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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14 pages, 2565 KiB  
Article
A Systematic Study on the Harmonic Overlap Effects for DC/AC Converters under Low Switching Frequency Modulation
by Ze Wang, Zhen He and Chao Gao
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2811; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102811 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2126
Abstract
In most high power industrial applications, the low switching frequency modulations (LSFM) are usually implemented to reduce power loss and heat dissipation pressure. However, there are some unexpected influences caused by the low order harmonic sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), such as the [...] Read more.
In most high power industrial applications, the low switching frequency modulations (LSFM) are usually implemented to reduce power loss and heat dissipation pressure. However, there are some unexpected influences caused by the low order harmonic sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), such as the imbalanced submodule power in cascaded half-bridge inverter (CHB) and limited output power capability in H-bridge neutral-point-clamped (HNPC) converter. This paper starts by generalizing the basic characteristic of two-level SPWM, then deeply investigates the influences of low-frequency modulation on the operation of the circuits. They are classified into three mechanisms and generally named as harmonic overlap effect (HOE). The corresponding solutions to copy with the mechanisms are proposed and verified in some topologies through high-power simulations in simulations. In addition, a comprehensive summary of the influences and solutions of these effects on typical high power converters is drawn. The design rules of the modulation schemes for multilevel voltage source converters (VSCs) at low switching frequency are also proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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11 pages, 1139 KiB  
Article
New Time-Frequency Transient Features for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring
by Mahfoud Drouaz, Bruno Colicchio, Ali Moukadem, Alain Dieterlen and Djafar Ould-Abdeslam
Energies 2021, 14(5), 1437; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051437 - 5 Mar 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
A crucial step in nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is feature extraction, which consists of signal processing techniques to extract features from voltage and current signals. This paper presents a new time-frequency feature based on Stockwell transform. The extracted features aim to describe the [...] Read more.
A crucial step in nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is feature extraction, which consists of signal processing techniques to extract features from voltage and current signals. This paper presents a new time-frequency feature based on Stockwell transform. The extracted features aim to describe the shape of the current transient signal by applying an energy measure on the fundamental and the harmonic frequency voices. In order to validate the proposed methodology, classical machine learning tools are applied (k-NN and decision tree classifiers) on two existing datasets (Controlled On/Off Loads Library (COOLL) and Home Equipment Laboratory Dataset (HELD1)). The classification rates achieved are clearly higher than that for other related studies in the literature, with 99.52% and 96.92% classification rates for the COOLL and HELD1 datasets, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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14 pages, 1470 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Online State of Charge Estimation of EVs Lithium-Ion Batteries with Deep Recurrent Neural Networks
by Gelareh Javid, Djaffar Ould Abdeslam and Michel Basset
Energies 2021, 14(3), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030758 - 1 Feb 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3033
Abstract
The State of Charge (SOC) estimation is a significant issue for safe performance and the lifespan of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. In this paper, a Robust Adaptive Online Long Short-Term Memory (RoLSTM) method is proposed to extract SOC estimation for Li-ion Batteries in Electric [...] Read more.
The State of Charge (SOC) estimation is a significant issue for safe performance and the lifespan of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. In this paper, a Robust Adaptive Online Long Short-Term Memory (RoLSTM) method is proposed to extract SOC estimation for Li-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles (EVs). This real-time, as its name suggests, method is based on a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) containing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units and using the Robust and Adaptive online gradient learning method (RoAdam) for optimization. In the proposed architecture, one sequential model is defined for each of the three inputs: voltage, current, and temperature of the battery. Therefore, the three networks work in parallel. With this approach, the number of LSTM units are reduced. Using this suggested method, one is not dependent on precise battery models and can avoid complicated mathematical methods. In addition, unlike the traditional recursive neural network where content is re-written at any time, the LSTM network can decide on preserving the current memory through the proposed gateways. In that case, it can easily transfer this information over long paths to receive and maintain long-term dependencies. Using real databases, the experiment results illustrate the better performance of RoLSTM applied to SOC estimation of Li-Ion batteries in comparison with a neural network modeling and unscented Kalman filter method that have been used thus far. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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15 pages, 2350 KiB  
Article
Multiobjective Reactive Power Optimization of Renewable Energy Power Plants Based on Time-and-Space Grouping Method
by Linan Qu, Shujie Zhang, Hsiung-Cheng Lin, Ning Chen and Lingling Li
Energies 2020, 13(14), 3556; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143556 - 10 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
The large-scale renewable energy power plants connected to a weak grid may cause bus voltage fluctuations in the renewable energy power plant and even power grid. Therefore, reactive power compensation is demanded to stabilize the bus voltage and reduce network loss. For this [...] Read more.
The large-scale renewable energy power plants connected to a weak grid may cause bus voltage fluctuations in the renewable energy power plant and even power grid. Therefore, reactive power compensation is demanded to stabilize the bus voltage and reduce network loss. For this purpose, time-series characteristics of renewable energy power plants are firstly reflected using K-means++ clustering method. The time group behaviors of renewable energy power plants, spatial behaviors of renewable energy generation units, and a time-and-space grouping model of renewable energy power plants are thus established. Then, a mixed-integer optimization method for reactive power compensation in renewable energy power plants is developed based on the second-order cone programming (SOCP). Accordingly, power flow constraints can be simplified to achieve reactive power optimization more efficiently and quickly. Finally, the feasibility and economy for the proposed method are verified by actual renewable energy power plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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Review

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18 pages, 2653 KiB  
Review
High-Impedance Fault Diagnosis: A Review
by Abdulaziz Aljohani and Ibrahim Habiballah
Energies 2020, 13(23), 6447; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236447 - 5 Dec 2020
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 7422
Abstract
High-impedance faults (HIFs) represent one of the biggest challenges in power distribution networks. An HIF occurs when an electrical conductor unintentionally comes into contact with a highly resistive medium, resulting in a fault current lower than 75 amperes in medium-voltage circuits. Under such [...] Read more.
High-impedance faults (HIFs) represent one of the biggest challenges in power distribution networks. An HIF occurs when an electrical conductor unintentionally comes into contact with a highly resistive medium, resulting in a fault current lower than 75 amperes in medium-voltage circuits. Under such condition, the fault current is relatively close in value to the normal drawn ampere from the load, resulting in a condition of blindness towards HIFs by conventional overcurrent relays. This paper intends to review the literature related to the HIF phenomenon including models and characteristics. In this work, detection, classification, and location methodologies are reviewed. In addition, diagnosis techniques are categorized, evaluated, and compared with one another. Finally, disadvantages of current approaches and a look ahead to the future of fault diagnosis are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Power Quality Improvement)
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