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Energies
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Turbine Blade Optimization
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Turbine Blade Optimization

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 10503

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Grzegorz Nowak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: FEM analyses; turbomachinery; thermomechanics; thermoelectrics; thermoacoustics; mechanical vibration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Iwona Nowak

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Applications of Mathematical and Artificial Intelligence Methods, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: inverse problems; sensitivity analysis; Boundary Element Method; optimization methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although energy conversion by means of a blade system has been developed for hundreds of years, there are still a number of problems and issues to be addressed. If appropriate solutions are found, the process may be substantially improved. State-of-the-art research tools supported by profound scientific knowledge make it possible to continuously optimize the solutions that already exist. This primarily concerns flow problems related to the fluid flow around the blade profile, as well as structural aspects of materials engineering, vibrations, and thermal and mechanical loads. Gas turbines present special complications due to their complex and constantly developed system of blade cooling, both internal and external. The acoustic discomfort caused by the operation of wind turbines and aircraft engines is also a significant issue that needs addressing. As blade-rotor machines are in common use, the range of research problems is enormous. Owing to the advancement in numerical techniques, new optimization methods are developed and find application in turbine technology. Optimization solutions are often verified based on measurements, but these can be a huge challenge themselves.

Considering the research area’s extensiveness, a Special Issue of Energies is planned to discuss the most essential problems related to the optimization of blades used in steam, gas, wind, and water turbines. This Special Issue is also going to present solutions to other issues in the field. We would like to take this opportunity to invite scientists conducting research on the above-mentioned problems to actively participate in the project and submit papers describing research results and new concepts and solutions related to blade optimization as broadly understood.

Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Nowak
Prof. Dr. Iwona Nowak
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Turbine blade
  • Airfoil optimization
  • Blade cooling optimization
  • Multidisciplinary optimization
  • Shape optimization
  • Topology optimization
  • Turbine blade performance
  • Blade materials
  • Optimization methods

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4101 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of PBT Impellers with Different Blade Cross-Sections
by Jacek Stelmach, Radosław Musoski, Czesław Kuncewicz, Tomas Jirout and Frantisek Rieger
Energies 2022, 15(2), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020585 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3070
Abstract
In this study, the mixing power and the axial and radial velocity distributions were determined for the standard PBT45-6 impeller with inclined blades and for three NACA impellers with airfoil blades. On the basis of the velocity distributions obtained by means of PIV [...] Read more.
In this study, the mixing power and the axial and radial velocity distributions were determined for the standard PBT45-6 impeller with inclined blades and for three NACA impellers with airfoil blades. On the basis of the velocity distributions obtained by means of PIV techniques, the pumping efficiency and the size of the secondary circulation for the tested impellers were determined. The next stage was to calculate the efficiency of the impeller operation, in which the comparative criteria were the values of the mixing energy in the form of a dimensional and dimensionless criterion. The lowest mixing energy was obtained for impellers with symmetrical profiled NACA0021 blades, which was 20% lower than the similar mixing energy obtained for the standard PBT45-6 impeller. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbine Blade Optimization)
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22 pages, 20344 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Control of Dynamic Stall Loads on a Smart Airfoil at Low Reynolds Number
by Ayman Mohamed, David Wood and Jeffery Pieper
Energies 2021, 14(16), 4958; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164958 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
This article describes the development and testing of a modified, semi-empirical ONERA dynamic stall model for an airfoil with a trailing edge flap—a “smart airfoil”—pitching at reduced frequencies up to 0.1. The Reynolds number is 105. The model reconstructs the load [...] Read more.
This article describes the development and testing of a modified, semi-empirical ONERA dynamic stall model for an airfoil with a trailing edge flap—a “smart airfoil”—pitching at reduced frequencies up to 0.1. The Reynolds number is 105. The model reconstructs the load fluctuations associated with the shedding of multiple dynamic stall vortices (DSVs) in a time-marching solution, which makes it suitable for real-time control of a trailing edge flap (TEF). No other model captures the effect of the DSVs on the aerodynamic loads on smart airfoils. The model was refined and tuned for force measurements on a smart NACA 643-618 airfoil model that was pitching with an inactive TEF and was validated against the measurements when the TEF was activated. A substantial laminar separation bubble can develop on this airfoil, which is challenging for modelers of the unsteady response. A closed-loop controller was designed offline in SIMULINK, and the output of the controller was applied to the TEF in a wind tunnel. The results indicated that the model has a comparable accuracy for predicting loads with the active TEF compared to inactive TEF loads. In the fully separated flow regime, the controller performed worse when dealing with the development of the laminar separation bubble and DSVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbine Blade Optimization)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 5786 KiB  
Article
Surrogate-Based Optimization of Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine Rotor Blades
by David Menéndez Arán and Ángel Menéndez
Energies 2021, 14(13), 4045; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14134045 - 5 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2576
Abstract
A design method was developed for automated, systematic design of hydrokinetic turbine rotor blades. The method coupled a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver to estimate the power output of a given turbine with a surrogate-based constrained optimization method. This allowed the characterization of [...] Read more.
A design method was developed for automated, systematic design of hydrokinetic turbine rotor blades. The method coupled a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver to estimate the power output of a given turbine with a surrogate-based constrained optimization method. This allowed the characterization of the design space while minimizing the number of analyzed blade geometries and the associated computational effort. An initial blade geometry developed using a lifting line optimization method was selected as the base geometry to generate a turbine blade family by multiplying a series of geometric parameters with corresponding linear functions. A performance database was constructed for the turbine blade family with the CFD solver and used to build the surrogate function. The linear functions were then incorporated into a constrained nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve for the blade geometry with the highest efficiency. A constraint on the minimum pressure on the blade could be set to prevent cavitation inception. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbine Blade Optimization)
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14 pages, 4516 KiB  
Article
Application of the Protective Coating for Blade’s Thermal Protection
by Andrzej Frąckowiak, Aleksander Olejnik, Agnieszka Wróblewska and Michał Ciałkowski
Energies 2021, 14(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010050 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
This paper presents an algorithm applied for determining temperature distribution inside the gas turbine blade in which the external surface is coated with a protective layer. Inside the cooling channel, there is a porous material enabling heat to be transferred from the entire [...] Read more.
This paper presents an algorithm applied for determining temperature distribution inside the gas turbine blade in which the external surface is coated with a protective layer. Inside the cooling channel, there is a porous material enabling heat to be transferred from the entire volume of the channel. This algorithm solves the nonlinear problem of heat conduction with the known: heat transfer coefficient on the external side of the blade surface, the temperature of gas surrounding the blade, coefficients of heat conduction of the protective coating and of the material the blade is made of as well as of the porous material inside the channel, the volumetric heat transfer coefficient for the porous material and the temperature of the air flowing through the porous material. Based on these data, the distribution of material porosity is determined in such a way that the temperature on the boundary between the protective coating and the material the blade is made of is equal to the assumed distribution To. This paper includes results of calculations for various thicknesses of the protective coating and the given constant values of temperature on the boundary between the protective coating and the material the blade is made of. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbine Blade Optimization)
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