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Fermentation
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Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production
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Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2023) | Viewed by 23487

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lei Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Interests: fermentation; biohydrogen; biofuel; biomass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jieting Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
Interests: biomass utilization; biotechnological application; bioremediation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioenergy, or solid, liquid, or gaseous biofuels fermented from sugars embedded in biomass, is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels because it can be produced from renewable sources that can be continuously replenished. Wide application of bioenergy could also help to alleviate greenhouse gas emissions.

In addition to the potential benefits of bioenergy utilization, various challenges remain unsolved in the application of fermentation technology in biomass utilization and biofuel production. We thus invite researchers to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts on fundamental science and technological innovation in bioenergy production from biomass via fermentation. We are particularly interested in articles describing fermentative technologies for energy recovery from biomass, different fermentation methods and their biotechnological application, and so forth. Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Photo fermentation;
  • Electrofermentation;
  • Dark fermentation;
  • Integrated fermentation;
  • Liquid biofuels production;
  • Biogas/biohydrogen production and purification;
  • Life cycle analysis of bioenergy production;
  • Metabolic engineering;
  • Economical evaluation of bioenergy production.

Dr. Lei Zhao
Dr. Jieting Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photo fermentation
  • electro fermentation
  • dark fermentation
  • integrated fermentation
  • liquid biofuels production
  • biogas/biohydrogen production and purification
  • life cycle analysis of bioenergy production
  • metabolic engineering
  • economical evaluation of bioenergy production

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1076 KiB  
Article
Optimization, Scale-Up, and Economic Analysis of the Ethanol Production Process Using Sargassum horneri
by InYung Sunwoo, Yoojin Kim, Jieun Kim, HyunJin Cho and Gwi-Taek Jeong
Fermentation 2023, 9(12), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9121004 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2513
Abstract
Recently, the extensive spread of some algae along coastlines has surged into unmanageable thick decomposition layers. This study aimed to demonstrate the use of Sargassum horneri as a biomass resource for ethanol production through the continuous hydrolysis, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation process. Sugars [...] Read more.
Recently, the extensive spread of some algae along coastlines has surged into unmanageable thick decomposition layers. This study aimed to demonstrate the use of Sargassum horneri as a biomass resource for ethanol production through the continuous hydrolysis, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation process. Sugars from S. horneri were obtained using a combination of thermal acid hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification. The optimal conditions for thermal acid hydrolysis involved a 10% (w/v) S. horneri slurry treated with 100 mM H2SO4 at 121 °C for 60 min; enzymatic saccharification using 16 U/mL Cellic CTec2 further boosted the monosaccharide concentration to 23.53 g/L. Fermentation experiments were conducted with mannitol-adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 using S. horneri hydrolysate. Enhanced ethanol production was observed in the hydrolysate, particularly with mannitol-adapted S. cerevisiae BY4741, which yielded 10.06 g/L ethanol. Non-adapted S. cerevisiae produced 8.12 g/L ethanol, as it primarily utilized glucose and not mannitol. Regarding ethanol fermentation using 5 L- and 500 L-scale fermenters, the ethanol concentrations reached 10.56 g/L and 7.88 g/L with yields of 0.51 and 0.45, respectively, at 48 h. This study confirmed the economic viability of ethanol production using waste seaweed with optimized pretreatment conditions and the adaptive evolution of S. cerevisiae to mannitol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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16 pages, 1816 KiB  
Article
Alternative Utilization of Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum: Press Cake Conversion to Biobutanol
by Pitchaya Suaisom, Patiroop Pholchan, Thanongsak Chaiyaso and Nakorn Tippayawong
Fermentation 2023, 9(7), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070661 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1265
Abstract
Conversion of Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum (Napier Pak Chong1) press cake into biobutanol using Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 was proposed as an alternative to combustion in this study. The optimum conditions for biobutanol fermentation were determined using a full factorial design and [...] Read more.
Conversion of Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum (Napier Pak Chong1) press cake into biobutanol using Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461 was proposed as an alternative to combustion in this study. The optimum conditions for biobutanol fermentation were determined using a full factorial design and a central composite design of experiment. The studied factors were initial pHs (5.50–6.50) and sugar concentrations (40–60 g/L), while butanol yield (g/g reducing sugar utilized) was specified as the optimization response. The results showed that the suitable enzyme loading of alkali-pretreated press cake (at 3% w/w NaOH, 10% substrate loading, boiling at 90 °C, with a reaction time of 1 h) was 10 FPU/g biomass, which provided a glucose yield of 345 mg/g pretreated press cake. The optimized pH and reducing sugar concentration were 6.08 and 43 g/L, respectively. At these conditions, the maximum butanol yield from the hydrolysate of NaOH-pretreated press cake was 0.135 g/g reducing sugar utilized (0.30 g/g glucose utilized). Apart from the possibility of generating much less pollution, it was estimated that using the same amount of press cake, butanol production could possibly have a value comparable to that obtained from combustion for electricity production. A new concept for overall Napier Pak Chong1 grass utilization was also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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17 pages, 3167 KiB  
Article
Intensification of Waste Valorization Techniques for Biogas Production on the Example of Clarias gariepinus Droppings
by Vladimir Shtepa, Magdalena Balintova, Aliaksei Shykunets, Yelizaveta Chernysh, Viktoriia Chubur, Leonid Plyatsuk and Natalia Junakova
Fermentation 2023, 9(3), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030225 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the process of biogas production from the droppings of Clarias gariepinus under intensification of methanogenesis using electrolysis pretreatment and electro-fermentation in comparison with the addition of stimulating substances (humates and zeolites). For the realization of a series of [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate the process of biogas production from the droppings of Clarias gariepinus under intensification of methanogenesis using electrolysis pretreatment and electro-fermentation in comparison with the addition of stimulating substances (humates and zeolites). For the realization of a series of experiments, laboratory installations of electrolysis and electro-fermentation were developed. The following parameters were monitored: biogas composition, chemical oxygen demand, redox potential, hydrogen potential, nitrates, ammonia–ammonium, and nitrites. A taxonomic classification and review of the metabolic pathways were performed using the KEGG, MetaCyc, and EzTaxon databases. The stimulation of biomethanogenesis in the utilization of catfish droppings by the introduction of additional electron donors—exogenous hydrogen (electro-fermentation)—was confirmed. The electro-fermentation process released 4.3 times more methane compared to conventional conditions and stimulant additives and released 1.7 times more with electrolysis pretreatment. The main metabolic pathways of electron acceptor recruitment using bioinformatic databases are highlighted, and models of CO2 transformation involving exogenous hydrogen along the chain of metabolic reactions of methanogenesis are generated. The summary model of metabolic pathways of methanogenesis are also proposed. Based on the results of the present and previous studies, two technological solutions are proposed to implement the process of anaerobic treatment intensification of excreta of the clariid catfish. Additional studies should include the optimization of the operation mode of electro-fermentation and electrolysis pretreatment of the substrate during the aquacultivation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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15 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
Bioethanol: A New Synergy between Marine Chitinases from Bacillus haynesii and Ethanol Production by Mucor circinelloides
by Vishnupriya Govindaraj, Arun Kumar Subramani, Ramya Gopalakrishnan, Se-Kwon Kim, Ritu Raval and Keyur Raval
Fermentation 2023, 9(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010040 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2980
Abstract
The fourth generation of bioethanol production is on a lookout for non-lignocellulosic biomass waste. One such candidate is chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth. However, the crystalline nature of chitin hinders its application potential for bioethanol production. This limitation can be [...] Read more.
The fourth generation of bioethanol production is on a lookout for non-lignocellulosic biomass waste. One such candidate is chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth. However, the crystalline nature of chitin hinders its application potential for bioethanol production. This limitation can be circumvented by hydrolysing this polymer into oligomers using chitinases. We used this hypothesis and isolated a Bacillus haynesii, a marine bacterium that utilizes colloidal chitin as a substrate and produces chitin oligosaccharides. Further, we utilized Mucor circinelloides to produce bioethanol using the chitin oligosaccharides in the shake flask. We investigated the effect of inoculum age, filling volume, different substrates, and substrate concentration on bioethanol production using Mucor circinelloides from Bacillus haynesii-produced chitin oligosaccharides. Bacillus haynesii demonstrated a maximum chitinase activity of 3.08 U/mL with specific activity of 96 U/mg at the 90th h. Chitin oligosaccharides produced by Bacillus haynesii were confirmed using mass spectrometry. Bioethanol concentration was determined using dichromate oxidation assay as well as gas chromatography. The research resulted in 7.4 g/L of ethanol from 30 g/L of chitin oligosaccharides, with a maximum ethanol yield of 0.25 g of ethanol/g substrate at the 55th h with 48 h inoculum in 80 mL of fermentation medium. Results suggest that chitin oligosaccharides from Bacillus haynesii are an effective and renewable substrate for bioethanol production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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13 pages, 1436 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Bio-Hydrogen Production Potential and Energy Conversion Efficiency from Glucose and Xylose under Diverse Concentrations
by Zi-Han Wang, Jing-Yan Tan, Yu-Tong Zhang, Nan-Qi Ren and Lei Zhao
Fermentation 2022, 8(12), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120739 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2688
Abstract
Lignocellulose bioconversion to hydrogen has been proposed as a promising solution to augment the fossil fuel dominated energy market. However, little is known about the effects of the substrate concentration supplied on hydrogen production. Herein, the hydrogen producing bacteria Thermoanaerobacter thermosaccharolyticum W16 feeding [...] Read more.
Lignocellulose bioconversion to hydrogen has been proposed as a promising solution to augment the fossil fuel dominated energy market. However, little is known about the effects of the substrate concentration supplied on hydrogen production. Herein, the hydrogen producing bacteria Thermoanaerobacter thermosaccharolyticum W16 feeding with respective glucose, xylose, and glucose and xylose mixture (glucose–xylose) at different concentrations was evaluated, to study whether substrate concentration could impact the lignocellulose bioconversion to hydrogen and the associated kinetics. An average bio-hydrogen yield of 1.40 ± 0.23 mol H2·mol−1 substrate was obtained at an average substrate concentration of 60.89 mM. The maximum bio-hydrogen production rate of 0.25 and 0.24 mol H2·mol−1 substrate h−1 was achieved at a substrate concentration of 27.75 mM glucose and 30.82 mM glucose–xylose, respectively, while the value reached the high point of 0.08 mol H2·mol−1 xylose·h−1 at 66.61 mM xylose. Upon further energy conversion efficiency (ESE) analysis, a substrate of 10 g·L−1 (amounting to 55.51 mM glucose, 66.61 mM xylose or 60.55 mM glucose–xylose) provided the maximum ESE of 15.3 ± 0.3%, which was 15.3% higher than that obtained at a substrate concentration of 5 g·L−1 (amounting to 27.75 mM glucose, 33.30 mM xylose or 30.28 mM glucose–xylose). The findings could be helpful to provide effective support for the future development of efficient and sustainable lignocellulosic bio-hydrogen production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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Review

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17 pages, 1289 KiB  
Review
Biobutanol Production from Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation: Developments and Prospects
by Zhangnan Lin, Wei Cong and Jian’an Zhang
Fermentation 2023, 9(9), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090847 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 8167
Abstract
With global carbon emissions and environmental issues becoming increasingly prominent, there is an increasing focus on the development of clean energy, and biobutanol has gained widespread attention due to its superior performance. Butanol production by fermentation is affected by various factors, such as [...] Read more.
With global carbon emissions and environmental issues becoming increasingly prominent, there is an increasing focus on the development of clean energy, and biobutanol has gained widespread attention due to its superior performance. Butanol production by fermentation is affected by various factors, such as raw materials, cultivation environment, and butanol toxicity, which results in lower butanol production and restricts its industrial development. This article elaborates on the research progress of butanol fermentation, including butanol-producing microorganisms, butanol synthesis metabolic pathways, raw materials for ABE fermentation, and butanol fermentation technologies. It also looks forward to the prospects of biobutanol, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the research direction of butanol fermentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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23 pages, 3739 KiB  
Review
A Review of Biohydrogen Production from Saccharina japonica
by Quang Nhat Tran and Il Tae Kim
Fermentation 2023, 9(3), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030242 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3233
Abstract
Saccharina japonica (known as Laminaria japonica or Phaeophyta japonica), one of the largest macroalgae, has been recognized as food and medicine for a long time in some Asian countries, such as China, South Korea, Japan, etc. In recent years, S. japonica has [...] Read more.
Saccharina japonica (known as Laminaria japonica or Phaeophyta japonica), one of the largest macroalgae, has been recognized as food and medicine for a long time in some Asian countries, such as China, South Korea, Japan, etc. In recent years, S. japonica has also been considered the most promising third-generation biofuel feedstock to replace fossil fuels, contributing to solving the challenges people face regarding energy and the environment. In particular, S. japonica-derived biohydrogen (H2) is expected to be a major fuel source in the future because of its clean, high-yield, and sustainable properties. Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in bio-H2 production from S. japonica. The cutting-edge biological technologies with suitable operating parameters to enhance S. japonica’s bio-H2 production efficiency are reviewed based on the Scopus database. In addition, guidelines for future developments in this field are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Fermentation Technology in Biomass Utilization and Biofuels Production)
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