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Fermentation
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Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control
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Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbial Metabolism, Physiology & Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 19335

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nadezhda Sachivkina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Interests: biofilms; yeast biotechnology; candida; yeast adhesins; yeast systems biology; nanobiotechnology; optical density; quorum sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In nature, as a rule, several types of microorganisms coexist in biofilms in the form of a single community. It is shown that in a biofilm, in comparison with pure planktonic cultures of bacteria, their numerous physiological processes occur in a different way, including the production of metabolites and biologically active substances. Microbial biofilms comprises of major classes of macromolecules like nucleic acids, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, lipids, humic substances as well as ions. The presence of these components indeed makes them resilient and enables them to survive hostile conditions.

The goal of this Special Issue is to publish both recent innovative research results, as well as review papers on the production of biofilms and fermentative processes of the biofilms. Review and research papers on development of novel enzymes and microbial strains are also of interest. If you would like to contribute a review paper, please contact one of the editors to discuss the topic relevance before submitting the manuscript.

Dr. Nadezhda Sachivkina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.


Keywords

  • bacterial biofilms
  • antibiotic resistance
  • therapeutic approaches
  • bacterial and fungi enzymes
  • yeast protein structural biology
  • quorum sensing molecules

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 5325 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide Nanoflakes and Their Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties
by Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee, Gopinath Kasi, Sivasamy Kadhiravan, Ayyakannu Arumugam, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim, Mian Nadeem Riaz and Marimuthu Govindarajan
Fermentation 2023, 9(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010054 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
This current work revealed a single-step fabrication of tungsten oxide nanoflakes (WO3 NFs) with the help of Terminalia arjuna bark extract. Bioactive phytoconstituents of T. arjuna bark extract were involved in the nucleation process and promoted the material crystalline growth in a [...] Read more.
This current work revealed a single-step fabrication of tungsten oxide nanoflakes (WO3 NFs) with the help of Terminalia arjuna bark extract. Bioactive phytoconstituents of T. arjuna bark extract were involved in the nucleation process and promoted the material crystalline growth in a particular direction. The as-prepared sample thermal decomposition was analyzed by TG/DTG. The as-prepared sample was annealed at 300 °C for 2 h, and the annealed sample was characterized by UV-Vis-DRS, FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Synthesized WO3 samples showed a monoclinic phase of the flake-like structure with lengths of 25~230 nm and diameters of 25~120 nm. The WO3 NFs were evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli. Over 3 mg concentrations of WO3 NFs outperform the positive control in antibacterial activity. The pseudo-first-order kinetics of the WO3 NFs enhanced the photocatalytic performance of methylene blue (MB). These results prove that WO3 NFs have sustainable performance in antibacterial and MB degradation applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control)
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17 pages, 2782 KiB  
Article
Development of Cost-Effective, Ecofriendly Selenium Nanoparticle-Functionalized Cotton Fabric for Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity
by Kainat Mirza, Farha Naaz, Tokeer Ahmad, Nikhat Manzoor and Meryam Sardar
Fermentation 2023, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010018 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3140
Abstract
In the present study, selenium nanoparticles were synthesized in situ on alkali-activated cotton fabric using guava leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesis was monitored by a change in color of fabric from white to light brick red. The UV-DRS analysis confirms [...] Read more.
In the present study, selenium nanoparticles were synthesized in situ on alkali-activated cotton fabric using guava leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesis was monitored by a change in color of fabric from white to light brick red. The UV-DRS analysis confirms the coating of Se NPs on cotton. The XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDX characterization techniques were used to analyze the nanoparticles on cotton fabric. The peak at 788 cm−1 in FT-IR confirms the formation of Se NPs on cotton fabric. The XRD analysis confirms that the average crystallite size of as-prepared nanoparticle is ~17 nm. SEM-EDX analysis shows the successful coating of Se NPs on coated fabric. ICP-OES studies confirm 3.65 mg/g of selenium nanoparticles were present on the fabric. The Se-coated-30 showed a larger zone of inhibition against Gram-positive S. aureus (32 mm) compared to Gram-negative strains of E. coli (16 mm) and K. pneumoniae (26 mm). The fabric was also tested against the fungi C. glabrata (45 mm), C. tropicalis (35 mm), and C. albicans (35 mm) and results indicate it is more effective against fungal compared to bacterial strains. The coated fabric inhibits biofilm formation of C. albicans (99%), S. aureus (78%), and E. coli (58%). The results demonstrated excellent antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities of the Se-coated-30. The prepared fabric has the potential to be used in medicinal applications and is both ecofriendly and cost effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control)
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14 pages, 5321 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities of Nickel-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
by Saleth Sebastiammal, Arul Sigamani Lesly Fathima, Johnson Henry, Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan, Shahid Mahboob, Arwa Mohammad Wadaan, Irfan Manzoor, Kasi Gopinath, Mohan Rajeswary and Marimuthu Govindarajan
Fermentation 2022, 8(12), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120677 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2619
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the possible antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of nickel (Ni2+)-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using the sol–gel approach. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), field-emission [...] Read more.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the possible antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of nickel (Ni2+)-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using the sol–gel approach. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and elemental analysis were used to characterize the Ni2+-doped HApNPs. X-ray diffraction investigation showed that the nanoscale structure of Ni2+-doped HApNPs was hexagonal, with an average crystallite size of 39.91 nm. Ni2+-doped HApNPs were found to be almost spherical in form and 40–50 nm in size, as determined by FESEM analysis. According to EDAX, the atomic percentages of Ca, O, P, and Ni were 20.93, 65.21, 13.32, and 0.55, respectively. Ni2+-doped HApNPs exhibited substantial antibacterial properties when tested in vitro against several pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activity, at 50 mg tested concentration, demonstrated superior effects on G-ve bacteria than G+ve pathogens. The antifungal activity of Oidium caricae, Aspergillus flavus, and A. niger revealed a zone of inhibition of 23, 11, and 5 mm, respectively. These actions rely on the organism’s cell wall structure, size, and shape. Incorporating Ni2+ into HApNPs allows them to function as powerful antioxidants. Ni2+-doped HApNPs had a good cytotoxic impact against the HeLa cell line, which improved with increasing concentration and was detected at a 68.81 µg/mL dosage. According to the findings of this study, the Ni2+-doped HApNPs are extremely promising biologically active candidates owing to their improved functional features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control)
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14 pages, 4851 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Microbial Polysaccharide Overlaid Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Selenium Nanowire
by Muthukumar Abinaya, Periyasamy Gnanaprakasam, Marimuthu Govindarajan, Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan, Shahid Mahboob, Arwa Mohammad Wadaan, Irfan Manzoor and Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
Fermentation 2022, 8(11), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8110637 - 13 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1982
Abstract
Here, we report on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and selenium nanowires (Se NWs) using microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a mediator and then examine their antibacterial and ecotoxicity effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. At 100 µg/mL, EPS, EPS-ZnO [...] Read more.
Here, we report on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and selenium nanowires (Se NWs) using microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a mediator and then examine their antibacterial and ecotoxicity effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. At 100 µg/mL, EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs all exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial properties, drastically inhibiting the development of aquatic Gram(-) pathogens. In addition, antibiofilm studies using a microscope revealed that EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs at 75 µg/mL prevented biofilm development. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity was carried out via Danio rerio embryos and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. Danio rerio embryos were determined at different time intervals (6 hpf, 12 hpf, 24 hpf and 48 hpf). The maximum survival rate (100%) was obtained in a control group. Correspondingly, EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs and EPS-Se NWs treated embryos showed a considerable survival rate with 93.3%, 86.7% and 77.2%, respectively, at 100 µg/mL for 48 hpf. The total mortality of C. cornuta was seen at 100 µg/mL, with 56.7% in EPS, 60.0% in EPS-ZnO NPs, and 70.0% in EPS-Se NWs. For C. cornuta, the LC50 values for EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs were 90.32, 81.99, and 62.99 µg/mL, respectively. Under a microscope, morphological alterations in C. cornuta were analyzed. After 24 h, an amount of dark substance was seen in the guts of C. cornuta exposed to 100 µg/mL, but in the control group, all of the living C. cornuta were swimming as usual. Our results show that EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs were less harmful than EPS-Se NWs, and that they were successfully employed to shield freshwater crustaceans from the toxins in aquatic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control)
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30 pages, 5323 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Ethanolic Extraction of Enantia chloranta Bark, Phytochemical Composition, Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, and Antimicrobial Activity
by Mbarga M. J. Arsene, Podoprigora I. Viktorovna, Marukhlenko V. Alla, Morozova A. Mariya, Goriainov V. Sergei, Esparza Cesar, Anyutoulou K. L. Davares, Kezimana Parfait, Kamgang N. Wilfrid, Tuturov S. Nikolay, Manar Rehailia, Smolyakova A. Larisa, Souadkia Sarra, Senyagin N. Alexandr, Ibrahim Khelifi, Khabadze S. Zurab, Karnaeva S. Amina, Todua M. Iia, Pikina P. Alla, Ada A. Gabin, Ndandja T. K. Dimitri, Kozhevnikova A. Liudmila and Pilshchikova V. Olgaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Fermentation 2022, 8(10), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100530 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3461
Abstract
In this study, using the Box–Behnken model, we optimized the ethanolic extraction of phytochemicals from Enantia chloranta bark for the first time, assessed the composition with HPLC-MS/MS, performed the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterized them with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, photon cross-correlation [...] Read more.
In this study, using the Box–Behnken model, we optimized the ethanolic extraction of phytochemicals from Enantia chloranta bark for the first time, assessed the composition with HPLC-MS/MS, performed the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterized them with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, photon cross-correlation spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial and antibiotic-resistance reversal properties of optimized extract (O-ECB) and AgNPs were assessed on various microorganisms (15 Gram−, 7 Gram+, and 2 fungi) using the well diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay. The mechanism of action was investigated on growth kinetic and proton pumps of Escherichia coli. The in vivo antimicrobial activity and toxicity were assessed on Galleria mellonella larvae. The optimal mass yield (14.3%) related to the highest antibacterial activity (31 mm vs. S. aureus ATCC 6538) was obtained with the following operating conditions: % EtOH—100%; ratio m/v—20 g/mL; and extraction time—6 h. All the compounds identified in O-ECB were alkaloids and the major constituents were palmatine (51.63%), columbamine +7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxypalmatine (19.21%), jatrorrhizine (11.02%), and pseudocolumbamine (6.33%). Among the minerals found in O-ECB (S, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Br), Br, Fe, and Cl were the most abundant with mean fluorescence intensities of 4.6529, 3.485,4, and 2.5942 cps/uA, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs revealed a strong absorption plasmon band between 430 and 450 nm and an average hydrodynamic diameter ×50 of 59.74 nm, and the presence of Ag was confirmed by a characteristic peak in the spectrum at the silver Kα line of 22.105 keV. Both O-ECB and AgNPs displayed noteworthy and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against 20/24 and 24/24 studied microorganisms, respectively, with recorded minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 8 to ≥1024 µg/mL and 2 to 64 µg/mL. O-ECB and AgNPs showed antibiofilm properties and significantly enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics against selected multidrug-resistant bacteria, and the mechanistic investigations revealed their interference with bacterial growth kinetic and the inhibition of H+-ATPase proton pumps. LD50s were 40 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL for O-ECB and AgNPs, respectively. In conclusion, the current study provides a strong experimental baseline to consider Enantia chlorantha bark and their green synthetized AgNPs as potent antimicrobial compounds in this era of antimicrobial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control)
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Review

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12 pages, 886 KiB  
Review
Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors from Probiotics as a Strategy to Combat Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Communication Involved in Food Spoilage and Food Safety
by Anyutoulou K. L. Davares, Mbarga M. J. Arsene, Podoprigora I. Viktorovna, Yashina N. Vyacheslavovna, Zhigunova A. Vladimirovna, Vasilyeva E. Aleksandrovna, Senyagin A. Nikolayevich, Sachivkina Nadezhda, Gizinger O. Anatolievna, Sharova I. Nikolaevna and Das M. Sergueïevna
Fermentation 2022, 8(12), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120711 - 6 Dec 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4082
Abstract
Experience-based knowledge has shown that bacteria can communicate with each other through a cell-density-dependent mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). QS controls specific bacterial phenotypes, such as sporulation, virulence and pathogenesis, the production of degrading enzymes, bioluminescence, swarming motility, and biofilm formation. The expression [...] Read more.
Experience-based knowledge has shown that bacteria can communicate with each other through a cell-density-dependent mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). QS controls specific bacterial phenotypes, such as sporulation, virulence and pathogenesis, the production of degrading enzymes, bioluminescence, swarming motility, and biofilm formation. The expression of these phenotypes in food spoiling and pathogenic bacteria, which may occur in food, can have dramatic consequences on food production, the economy, and health. Due to the many reports showing that the use of conventional methods (i.e., antibiotics and sanitizers) to inhibit bacterial growth leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to research and exploit new strategies. Several studies have already demonstrated positive results in this direction by inhibiting autoinducers (low-molecular-weight signaling compounds controlling QS) and by other means, leading to QS inhibition via a mechanism called quorum quenching (QQ). Thus far, several QS inhibitors (QSIs) have been isolated from various sources, such as plants, some animals from aqueous ecosystems, fungi, and bacteria. The present study aims to discuss the involvement of QS in food spoilage and to review the potential role of probiotics as QSIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilms from Fermentative Perspective: Structures, Functions and Control)
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