Foods

Research

22 pages, 2293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Perspectives for Sensory Analysis Applied to Piperaceae and Aromatic Herbs: A Pilot Study

by Isabella Taglieri, Alessandro Tonacci, Guido Flamini, Pierina Díaz-Guerrero, Roberta Ascrizzi, Lorenzo Bachi, Giorgia Procissi, Lucia Billeci and Francesca Venturi

Foods 2025, 14(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010110 - 3 Jan 2025

Viewed by 807

Abstract

Spices and aromatic herbs are important components of everyday nutrition in several countries and cultures, thanks to their capability to enhance the flavor of many dishes and convey significant emotional contributions by themselves. Indeed, spices as well as aromatic herbs are to be [...] Read more.

Spices and aromatic herbs are important components of everyday nutrition in several countries and cultures, thanks to their capability to enhance the flavor of many dishes and convey significant emotional contributions by themselves. Indeed, spices as well as aromatic herbs are to be considered not only for their important values of antimicrobial agents or flavor enhancers everybody knows, but also, thanks to their olfactory and gustatory spectrum, as drivers to stimulate the consumers’ memories and, in a stronger way, emotions. Considering these unique characteristics, spices and aromatic herbs have caught the attention of consumer scientists and experts in sensory analysis for their evaluation using semi-quantitative approaches, with interesting evidence. In this pilot study as a first step, each studied botanical, belonging to Piperaceae or aromatic herbs, has been subjected to headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to assess their spontaneous volatile emission, representing the complex chemical pattern, which encounters the consumers’ olfactory perception. Furthermore, the present investigation, performed on 12 individuals, outlines the administration of a pilot study, merging the typical sensory analysis with emotional data collection and the innovative contribution related to the study around the Autonomic and Central Nervous System activation in consumers, performed using wearable technologies and related signal processing. The results obtained by our study, beyond demonstrating the feasibility of the approach, confirmed, both in terms of emotional responses and biomedical signals, the significant emotional potential of spices and aromatic herbs, most of which featuring an overall positive valence, yet with inter-subjects’ variations. Future investigations should aim to increase the number of volunteers evaluated with such an approach to draw more stable conclusions and attempting a customization of product preferences based on both implicit and explicit sensory responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

25 pages, 1132 KiB

Open AccessReview

Celiac Disease: Beyond Diet and Food Awareness

by Lourdes Herrera-Quintana, Beatriz Navajas-Porras, Héctor Vázquez-Lorente, Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, Francisco J. Corrales-Borrego, Maria Lopez-Garzon and Julio Plaza-Diaz

Foods 2025, 14(3), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030377 - 24 Jan 2025

Viewed by 598

Abstract

Celiac disease is attributable to a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to dietary gluten, with immune system involvement. The incidence is increasing globally, and the societal economic burden of celiac disease stretches beyond the cost of gluten-free food. This enteropathy that affects [...] Read more.

Celiac disease is attributable to a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to dietary gluten, with immune system involvement. The incidence is increasing globally, and the societal economic burden of celiac disease stretches beyond the cost of gluten-free food. This enteropathy that affects the small intestine has been related to different disorders and comorbidities. Thus, the implications of suffering from this disease are multidimensional and need further consideration. Celiac disease is a serious condition that remains under-recognized, resulting in an increased need for programs for better management. This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding celiac diseases, with special emphasis on clinical implications, diagnosis, dietary management, socioeconomical aspects, and future perspectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 2262 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Betalains: A Narrative Review on Pharmacological Mechanisms Supporting the Nutraceutical Potential Towards Health Benefits

by Renata M. Martinez, Cristina P. B. Melo, Ingrid C. Pinto, Soraia Mendes-Pierotti, Josiane A. Vignoli, Waldiceu A. Verri and Rubia Casagrande

Foods 2024, 13(23), 3909; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233909 - 3 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1535

Abstract

Betalains are naturally occurring pigments sourced mainly from Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Hylocereus spp. (dragon fruit), Amaranthus spp., and Opuntia spp. Betalains are widely used for their vibrant colors and health-promoting properties. These nitrogenous, water-soluble pigments are crucial colorants in the food industry, responsible [...] Read more.

Betalains are naturally occurring pigments sourced mainly from Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Hylocereus spp. (dragon fruit), Amaranthus spp., and Opuntia spp. Betalains are widely used for their vibrant colors and health-promoting properties. These nitrogenous, water-soluble pigments are crucial colorants in the food industry, responsible for the red, purple, and yellow plant tissues, predominantly in the order Caryophyllales. They are grouped into betacyanins, with reddish-violet hues, and betaxanthins, yellow to orange. Examples include beetroot stems for betacyanins and yellow pitaya pulp for betaxanthins. Several pharmacological activities were reviewed in the scientific literature, describing their potential implications for human health. In this review, we focused on the main and latest studies on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of betalains, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Overall, betalain consumption is considered safe, with no major adverse effects or allergic reactions reported. We also approached topics such as the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, stability, and enhanced stabilization of betalains. This article provides a comprehensive overview of bioactive potential of betalains, highlighting the biochemical mechanisms involved. The current knowledge broadens the clinical applicability of betalains, making them potential sources of nutraceutical compounds that can be used to develop functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1726 KiB

Open AccessReview

Risk Assessment of Pulegone in Foods Based on Benchmark Dose–Response Modeling

by Verena Voigt, Heike Franke and Dirk W. Lachenmeier

Foods 2024, 13(18), 2906; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13182906 - 13 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3037

Abstract

This study presents a new risk assessment of pulegone, a substance classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The analysis used data from a two-year carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice conducted [...] Read more.

This study presents a new risk assessment of pulegone, a substance classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The analysis used data from a two-year carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in 2011. Because of the absence of a no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in these studies, the benchmark dose (BMD) approach was employed as an alternative risk assessment method. The lowest BMD lower confidence level (BMDL) of 4.8 mg/kg b.w./day among the eight endpoints served as the point of departure for calculating an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 48 μg/kg b.w./day. This new ADI is significantly lower than the previously established tolerable daily intake of 0.1 mg/kg b.w./day set in 1997. The analysis also considered various genotoxicity studies, which indicate that pulegone’s effects follow a nongenotoxic, thresholded mechanism. The estimated intake levels of pulegone in the European Union and USA were below the newly calculated ADI, suggesting a low health risk based on current consumption patterns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 7614 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advancements in Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for Enhancing Safety and Quality of Infant and Baby Food Products: A Review

by Nasim Pasdar, Parisa Mostashari, Ralf Greiner, Anissa Khelfa, Ali Rashidinejad, Hadi Eshpari, Jim M. Vale, Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and Shahin Roohinejad

Foods 2024, 13(17), 2659; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172659 - 23 Aug 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2814

Abstract

Breast milk is the main source of nutrition during early life, but both infant formulas (Ifs; up to 12 months) and baby foods (BFs; up to 3 years) are also important for providing essential nutrients. The infant food industry rigorously controls for potential [...] Read more.

Breast milk is the main source of nutrition during early life, but both infant formulas (Ifs; up to 12 months) and baby foods (BFs; up to 3 years) are also important for providing essential nutrients. The infant food industry rigorously controls for potential physical, biological, and chemical hazards. Although thermal treatments are commonly used to ensure food safety in IFs and BFs, they can negatively affect sensory qualities, reduce thermosensitive nutrients, and lead to chemical contaminant formation. To address these challenges, non-thermal processing technologies such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, radio frequency, and ultrasound offer efficient pathogen destruction similar to traditional thermal methods, while reducing the production of key process-induced toxicants such as furan and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF). These alternative thermal processes aim to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods while retaining their advantages. This review paper highlights the growing global demand for healthy, sustainable foods, driving food manufacturers to adopt innovative and efficient processing techniques for both IFs and BFs. Based on various studies reviewed for this work, the application of these novel technologies appears to reduce thermal processing intensity, resulting in products with enhanced sensory properties, comparable shelf life, and improved visual appeal compared to conventionally processed products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

27 pages, 1646 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Food Pyramid and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

by Mariangela Rondanelli, Simone Perna, Carlo Cattaneo, Clara Gasparri, Gaetan Claude Barrile, Alessia Moroni, Leonardo Minonne, Alessandro Lazzarotti, Francesca Mansueto and Giuseppe Mazzola

Foods 2025, 14(3), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030373 - 23 Jan 2025

Viewed by 812

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affect up to 85% of pregnant women and usually begin between the 4th and 7th weeks of gestation, and symptoms often peak around the 9th week and generally resolve by the 20th week in most cases, with [...] Read more.

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affect up to 85% of pregnant women and usually begin between the 4th and 7th weeks of gestation, and symptoms often peak around the 9th week and generally resolve by the 20th week in most cases, with severe cases termed hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) impacting physical and psychological health. This review aims to provide a structured dietary approach to managing NVP by developing a food pyramid specifically for this population, based on a systematic evaluation of dietary evidence. The findings highlight the beneficial effects of dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein sources in reducing NVP symptoms. Protein intake is shown to alleviate nausea and vomiting by stabilizing gastric motility and addressing nutritional deficiencies. The review also explores the potential benefits of herbal supplements, like ginger and vitamin B6. By integrating these dietary strategies with pharmacological treatments, a more holistic approach to managing NVP can be achieved, enhancing both maternal well-being and fetal health. The proposed food pyramid emphasizes glycemic stability, hydration, and gradual nutrient intake, offering a structured dietary guide for pregnant women experiencing NVP and HG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 4114 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), a (Poly)Phenol-Rich Source for Improving Osteosarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review

by Giuseppe Mazzola, Mariangela Rondanelli, Giovanna Baron, Roberta Zupo, Fabio Castellana, Maria Lisa Clodoveo, Clara Gasparri, Gaetan Claude Barrile, Michela Seniga, Luca Matteo Schiavi, Alessia Moroni, Sukru Gulec, Patrizia Riso and Simone Perna

Foods 2024, 13(21), 3422; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13213422 - 27 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1763

Abstract

This systematic review investigates the potential of bergamot, a polyphenol-rich citrus fruit, in improving osteosarcopenic obesity, a condition characterized by the simultaneous presence of osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia. Bergamot extracts have been suggested to possess several pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, [...] Read more.

This systematic review investigates the potential of bergamot, a polyphenol-rich citrus fruit, in improving osteosarcopenic obesity, a condition characterized by the simultaneous presence of osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia. Bergamot extracts have been suggested to possess several pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which could be useful in the management of age-related diseases and neuromuscular health. The review highlights the promising effects of bergamot extracts on skeletal muscle mass and function, particularly in the context of obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteosarcopenic obesity, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, some studies have shown that bergamot extracts can improve the metabolic balance, endothelial function, and maximal oxygen uptake in athletes, highlighting their potential benefits for skeletal muscle health. Taken together, these results suggest that bergamot extracts, especially those rich in polyphenols, may be a valuable adjunct in the management of osteosarcopenic obesity and other associated clinical conditions involving pro-inflammatory effects on organs and tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Health Outcomes Associated with Olive Oil Intake: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses

by Manuela Chiavarini, Patrizia Rosignoli, Irene Giacchetta and Roberto Fabiani

Foods 2024, 13(16), 2619; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162619 - 21 Aug 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2548

Abstract

Several studies suggested a negative association between olive oil (OO) consumption and the risk of several chronic diseases. However, an attempt to systematically search, organize, and evaluate the existing evidence on all health outcomes associated with OO consumption is lacking. The objective of [...] Read more.

Several studies suggested a negative association between olive oil (OO) consumption and the risk of several chronic diseases. However, an attempt to systematically search, organize, and evaluate the existing evidence on all health outcomes associated with OO consumption is lacking. The objective of this review is to describe the multiple health outcomes associated with OO consumption. The Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched through 5 April 2024. The selected studies met all of the following criteria: (1) a meta-analysis of both observational (case–control and cohort studies) and interventional studies (trials), (2) an evaluation of the association between OO consumption, mortality, and/or the incidence of non-communicable/chronic degenerative diseases, and (3) a study population ≥18 years old. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant data and assessed the risk of bias of individual studies. The PRISMA statement and guidelines for the Integration of Evidence from Multiple Meta-Analyses were followed. The literature search identified 723 articles. After selection, 31 articles were included in this umbrella review. The primary health benefits of OO were observed in cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, cancer, mortality, diabetes, and specific biomarkers related to anthropometric status and inflammation. As a key component of the Mediterranean diet, OO can be considered a healthy dietary choice for improving positive health outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review on Food Nutrition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Feature Review on Food Nutrition

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (8 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI