Mycotoxins in Foods: Occurrence, Detection, and Control

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Quality and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 1077

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences of Food Production ISPA, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: mycotoxins; fungal metabolites; analytical chemistry; development and validation of analytical methods; development and determination of in vitro/in vivo efficacy of feed additives for mycotoxin removal; physical, chemical and biological strategies to reduce mycotoxins in food and feed; development and validation of mycotoxin biomarkers; toxicokinetic studies with farm and lab animals; bacterial pathogens; antimicrobials substances; bacterial toxins; nanoparticles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences of Food Production ISPA, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: feed formulation; mycotoxin detoxifying agents; feed technology; food contaminants; mycotoxins chemistry; high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; health risk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Sciences of Food Production ISPA, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: feed formulation; mycotoxin detoxifying agents; feed technology; food contaminants; mycotoxins chemistry; high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; health risk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by certain moulds that commonly grow on foodstuffs such as cereals, dried fruits, nuts, and spices. These moulds can develop both before and after harvest, especially in warm, damp, and humid environments, leading to contamination during storage or directly on the food. A significant concern is that mycotoxins are chemically stable and often survive food processing. Some mycotoxins cause acute health issues, with symptoms appearing soon after ingestion, while others have long-term health effects, including cancer and immune suppression. Despite the wide variety of mycotoxins, about a dozen are of primary concern due to their frequent occurrence in food and their serious impacts on human health.

Minimizing risk necessitates a comprehensive systems approach that incorporates specific agronomic practices, biological control techniques, and the improvement of host plant resistance. This should be complemented by post-harvest methods like proper drying, storage, sorting of contaminated crops, and the development of suitable decontamination or detoxification strategies, ensuring that affected crops maintain some economic value. Aspects such as sampling, monitoring systems, and effective diagnostic technologies, including traditional analytical and newer molecular and antibody-based quantification systems, are also required.

This SI focuses on all these aspects and will gather data on the latest advancements on the occurrence, detection, and mitigation of mycotoxins in food, including masked and emerging mycotoxins, as well as co-occurring mycotoxins with other chemical and biological contaminants.

Dr. Giuseppina Avantaggiato
Dr. Donato Greco
Dr. Vito D'Ascanio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • food safety
  • mycotoxins
  • toxicity
  • HACCP
  • sampling
  • detection
  • occurrence
  • pre-harvest control
  • post-harvest control
  • decontamination/detoxification

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 2851 KiB  
Article
Unlocking the Potential of Bacillus subtilis: A Comprehensive Study on Mycotoxin Decontamination, Mechanistic Insights, and Efficacy Assessment in a Liquid Food Model
by Donato Greco, Vito D’Ascanio, Elisa Santovito, Mariagrazia Abbasciano, Laura Quintieri, Clarisse Techer and Giuseppina Avantaggiato
Foods 2025, 14(3), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030360 - 22 Jan 2025
Viewed by 671
Abstract
Mycotoxin detoxification by microorganisms offers a specific, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative to physical/chemical methods. Three strains of B. subtilis, isolated from poultry farm environments and recognized by EFSA as safe in animal nutrition for all animal species, consumers, and the environment, [...] Read more.
Mycotoxin detoxification by microorganisms offers a specific, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative to physical/chemical methods. Three strains of B. subtilis, isolated from poultry farm environments and recognized by EFSA as safe in animal nutrition for all animal species, consumers, and the environment, were screened for their ability to remove mycotoxins. All of them demonstrated mycotoxin-dependent removal efficacy, being very effective against ZEA and its analogues (α- and β-ZOL, α- and β-ZAL, and ZAL) achieving up to 100% removal within 24 h under aerobic, anaerobic, and restrictive growth conditions with toxins as the sole carbon source. ZEA removal remained effective across a wide range of pH values (5–8), temperatures (20–40 °C), and at high toxin concentrations (up to 10 µg/mL). Additionally, up to 87% ZEA removal was achieved after 48 h of incubation (30 °C) of the strains in a contaminated liquid food model containing 1 µg/mL of the toxin. Mechanistic studies suggest that ZEA detoxification involves metabolic processes rather than physical adsorption or entrapment into bacterial cells. Enzymatic activities within the bacterial cells or associated with their cell walls likely play a role in the metabolization of the toxin. Interestingly, it has been observed that growth conditions and culture media can influence the metabolization and/or conjugation of the toxin, which can result in the production of various metabolites. Further investigation is needed to identify these metabolites and assess their safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins in Foods: Occurrence, Detection, and Control)
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