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Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration
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Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2020) | Viewed by 29357

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Luz Centeno

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
Dr. Candela Cuesta Moliner

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Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
2. University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Interests: plant physiology; biotechnology; forestry; branching; plant development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. José Manuel Álvarez Díaz

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Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33009 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: plant development; plant biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants have an unmatched ability to repair damaged tissues, replace lost organs, and even regenerate the whole body. Regeneration also occurs when new structures, such as somatic embryos, develop from explants cultured in an appropriate medium. Several agricultural and biotechnological procedures exploit this regenerative potential for crop improvement and vegetative propagation.

Over the last twenty years, important advances have been made in our knowledge of the cellular events involved in plant regeneration, as well as the genetic mechanisms governing them. Inductive cues like wound stress cause dedifferentiation and proliferation in specific cells, which undergo cell fate reprogramming to restore tissues; to develop adventitious meristems with pluripotent cells; or to express cell totipotency via somatic embryogenesis. Applied plant hormones (PHs) reinforce these processes in tissue culture. Signaling pathways and molecular players underlying each developmental program are different, although they share common features. Initial signals trigger transcriptional cascades and modulate levels and/or the transport of endogenous PHs. Epigenetic changes and local repatterning of the PH response domains also occur. Finally, master regulators like WUSCHEL or WOX5 determine specific differentiation paths in stem cell niches.

The objective of this Special Issue is to deepen our knowledge of the genetic and molecular regulation of different plant regeneration programs (vascular reconnection after grafting, callus formation, root and shoot regeneration, somatic embryogenesis) induced by stress or applied PHs. Since most of the current works on this topic were made in Arabidopsis thaliana, information on other species is especially—but not exclusively—welcome.

Dr. Maria Luz Centeno
Dr. Candela Cuesta Moliner
Dr. José Manuel Álvarez Díaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant regeneration
  • cell differentiation
  • wound stress
  • cell fate reprogramming

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 13891 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the TCP Gene Family in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Their Transcriptional Responses to Different Treatments
by Haifan Wen, Yue Chen, Hui Du, Leyu Zhang, Keyan Zhang, Huanle He, Junsong Pan, Run Cai and Gang Wang
Genes 2020, 11(11), 1379; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111379 - 20 Nov 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3595
Abstract
TCP proteins are plant-specific transcription factors widely implicated in leaf morphogenesis and senescence, flowering, lateral branching, hormone crosstalk, and stress responses. However, the relationship between the transcription pattern of TCPs and organ development in cucumber has not been systematically studied. In this study, [...] Read more.
TCP proteins are plant-specific transcription factors widely implicated in leaf morphogenesis and senescence, flowering, lateral branching, hormone crosstalk, and stress responses. However, the relationship between the transcription pattern of TCPs and organ development in cucumber has not been systematically studied. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of putative TCP genes and analyzed their chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved motif, and transcript expression. A total of 27 putative TCP genes were identified and characterized in cucumber. All 27 putative CsTCP genes were classified into class I and class II. Class I comprised 12 CsTCPs and Class II contained 15 CsTCPs. The 27 putative CsTCP genes were randomly distributed in five of seven chromosomes in cucumber. Four putative CsTCP genes were found to contain putative miR319 target sites. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that 27 putative CsTCP genes exhibited different expression patterns in cucumber tissues and floral organ development. Transcript expression and phenotype analysis showed that the putative CsTCP genes responded to temperature and photoperiod and were induced by gibberellin (GA)and ethylene treatment, which suggested that CsTCP genes may regulate the lateral branching by involving in multiple signal pathways. These results lay the foundation for studying the function of cucumber TCP genes in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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22 pages, 4407 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Gene Expression Pattern Associated with Fuzz Fiber Initiation Induced by High Temperature in Gossypium barbadense
by Gongmin Cheng, Longyan Zhang, Hengling Wei, Hantao Wang, Jianhua Lu and Shuxun Yu
Genes 2020, 11(9), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11091066 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3104
Abstract
Gossypium barbadense is an important source of natural textile fibers, as is Gossypium hirsutum. Cotton fiber development is often affected by various environmental factors, such as abnormal temperature. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of temperature regulating the fuzz fiber [...] Read more.
Gossypium barbadense is an important source of natural textile fibers, as is Gossypium hirsutum. Cotton fiber development is often affected by various environmental factors, such as abnormal temperature. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of temperature regulating the fuzz fiber initiation. In this study, we reveal that high temperatures (HT) accelerate fiber development, improve fiber quality, and induced fuzz initiation of a thermo-sensitive G. barbadense variety L7009. It was proved that fuzz initiation was inhibited by low temperature (LT), and 4 dpa was the stage most susceptible to temperature stress during the fuzz initiation period. A total of 43,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through comparative transcriptome analysis. Of these, 9667 were involved in fiber development and temperature response with 901 transcription factor genes and 189 genes related to plant hormone signal transduction. Further analysis of gene expression patterns revealed that 240 genes were potentially involved in fuzz initiation induced by high temperature. Functional annotation revealed that the candidate genes related to fuzz initiation were significantly involved in the asparagine biosynthetic process, cell wall biosynthesis, and stress response. The expression trends of sixteen genes randomly selected from the RNA-seq data were almost consistent with the results of qRT-PCR. Our study revealed several potential candidate genes and pathways related to fuzz initiation induced by high temperature. This provides a new view of temperature-induced tissue and organ development in Gossypium barbadense. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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17 pages, 4955 KiB  
Article
Standardized Genetic Transformation Protocol for Chrysanthemum cv. ‘Jinba’ with TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homolog CmTFL1a
by Saba Haider, Yaohui Gao and Yike Gao
Genes 2020, 11(8), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11080860 - 28 Jul 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3280
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) cultivar Jinba is a distinctive short-day chrysanthemum that can be exploited as a model organism for studying the molecular mechanism of flowering. The commercial value of Jinba can be increased in global flower markets by developing its [...] Read more.
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) cultivar Jinba is a distinctive short-day chrysanthemum that can be exploited as a model organism for studying the molecular mechanism of flowering. The commercial value of Jinba can be increased in global flower markets by developing its proper regeneration and genetic transformation system. By addressing typical problems associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in chrysanthemum, that is, low transformation efficiency and high cultivar specificity, we designed an efficient, stable transformation system. Here, we identify the features that significantly affect the genetic transformation of Jinba and standardize its transformation protocol by using CmTFL1a as a transgene. The appropriate concentrations of various antibiotics (kanamycin, meropenem and carbenicillin) and growth regulators (6-BA, 2,4-D and NAA) for the genetic transformation were determined to check their effects on in vitro plant regeneration from leaf segments of Jinba; thus, the transformation protocol was standardized through Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105). In addition, the presence of the transgene and its stable expression in CmTFL1a transgenic plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The CmTFL1a transgene constitutively expressed in the transgenic plants was highly expressed in shoot apices as compared to stem and leaves. Overexpression of CmTFL1a led to a delay in transition to the reproductive phase and significantly affected plant morphology. This study will help to understand the biological phenomenon of TFL1 homolog in chrysanthemum. Moreover, our findings can explore innovative possibilities for genetic engineering and breeding of other chrysanthemum cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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16 pages, 4690 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis to Identify the Genes Related to Delayed Gland Morphogenesis in Gossypium bickii
by Mushtaque Ali, Hailiang Cheng, Mahtab Soomro, Li Shuyan, Muhammad Bilal Tufail, Mian Faisal Nazir, Xiaoxu Feng, Youping Zhang, Zuo Dongyun, Lv Limin, Qiaolian Wang and Guoli Song
Genes 2020, 11(5), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11050472 - 26 Apr 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2871
Abstract
Cotton is one of the major industrial crops that supply natural fibers and oil for industries. This study was conducted to understand the mechanism of delayed gland morphogenesis in seeds of Gossypium bickii. In this study, we compared glandless seeds of G. [...] Read more.
Cotton is one of the major industrial crops that supply natural fibers and oil for industries. This study was conducted to understand the mechanism of delayed gland morphogenesis in seeds of Gossypium bickii. In this study, we compared glandless seeds of G. bickii with glanded seeds of Gossypium arboreum. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore and classify the expression patterns of gland-related genes in seeds and seedlings of cotton plants. Approximately 131.33 Gigabases of raw data from 12 RNA sequencing samples with three biological replicates were generated. A total of 7196 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in all transcriptome data. Among them, 3396 genes were found up-regulated and 3480 genes were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations were performed to identify different functions between genes unique to glandless imbibed seeds and glanded seedlings. Co-expression network analysis revealed four modules that were identified as highly associated with the development of glandless seeds. Here the hub genes in each module were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In total, we have selected 13 genes involved in transcription factors, protein and MYB-related functions, that were differentially expressed in transcriptomic data and validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). These selected genes may play an important role for delayed gland morphogenesis. Our study provides comprehensive insight into the key genes related to glandless traits of seeds and plants, and can be further exploited by functional and molecular studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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Review

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21 pages, 3453 KiB  
Review
In Vitro Plant Regeneration in Conifers: The Role of WOX and KNOX Gene Families
by Natalia Bueno, Candela Cuesta, María Luz Centeno, Ricardo J. Ordás and José M. Alvarez
Genes 2021, 12(3), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12030438 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4572
Abstract
Conifers are a group of woody plants with an enormous economic and ecological importance. Breeding programs are necessary to select superior varieties for planting, but they have many limitations due to the biological characteristics of conifers. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo organogenesis [...] Read more.
Conifers are a group of woody plants with an enormous economic and ecological importance. Breeding programs are necessary to select superior varieties for planting, but they have many limitations due to the biological characteristics of conifers. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo organogenesis (DNO) from in vitro cultured tissues are two ways of plant mass propagation that help to overcome this problem. Although both processes are difficult to achieve in conifers, they offer advantages like a great efficiency, the possibilities to cryopreserve the embryogenic lines, and the ability of multiplying adult trees (the main bottleneck in conifer cloning) through DNO. Moreover, SE and DNO represent appropriate experimental systems to study the molecular bases of developmental processes in conifers such as embryogenesis and shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment. Some of the key genes regulating these processes belong to the WOX and KNOX homeobox gene families, whose function has been widely described in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sequences and roles of these genes in conifers are similar to those found in angiosperms, but some particularities exist, like the presence of WOXX, a gene that putatively participates in the establishment of SAM in somatic embryos and plantlets of Pinus pinaster. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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20 pages, 1253 KiB  
Review
Cytokinin Signaling and De Novo Shoot Organogenesis
by Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka, Aneta Gerszberg, Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna and Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
Genes 2021, 12(2), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12020265 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4018
Abstract
The ability to restore or replace injured tissues can be undoubtedly named among the most spectacular achievements of plant organisms. One of such regeneration pathways is organogenesis, the formation of individual organs from nonmeristematic tissue sections. The process can be triggered in vitro [...] Read more.
The ability to restore or replace injured tissues can be undoubtedly named among the most spectacular achievements of plant organisms. One of such regeneration pathways is organogenesis, the formation of individual organs from nonmeristematic tissue sections. The process can be triggered in vitro by incubation on medium supplemented with phytohormones. Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones demonstrating pleiotropic effects and a powerful network of molecular interactions. The present study reviews existing knowledge on the possible sequence of molecular and genetic events behind de novo shoot organogenesis initiated by cytokinins. Overall, the review aims to collect reactions encompassed by cytokinin primary responses, starting from phytohormone perception by the dedicated receptors, to transcriptional reprogramming of cell fate by the last module of multistep-phosphorelays. It also includes a brief reminder of other control mechanisms, such as epigenetic reprogramming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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23 pages, 1858 KiB  
Review
Nitrate Signaling, Functions, and Regulation of Root System Architecture: Insights from Arabidopsis thaliana
by Muhammad Asim, Zia Ullah, Fangzheng Xu, Lulu An, Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko, Qian Wang and Haobao Liu
Genes 2020, 11(6), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11060633 - 9 Jun 2020
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 6854
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is required for the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients from the soil. One of the essential nutrients, nitrate (NO3−), is sensed and transported by nitrate transporters NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 in the plants. Nitrate transporter 1.1 [...] Read more.
Root system architecture (RSA) is required for the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients from the soil. One of the essential nutrients, nitrate (NO3−), is sensed and transported by nitrate transporters NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 in the plants. Nitrate transporter 1.1 (NRT1.1) is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter phosphorylated at the T101 residue by calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase (CIPKs); it also regulates the expression of other key nitrate assimilatory genes. The differential phosphorylation (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) strategies and underlying Ca2+ signaling mechanism of NRT1.1 stimulate lateral root growth by activating the auxin transport activity and Ca2+-ANR1 signaling at the plasma membrane and the endosomes, respectively. NO3− additionally functions as a signal molecule that forms a signaling system, which consists of a vast array of transcription factors that control root system architecture that either stimulate or inhibit lateral and primary root development in response to localized and high nitrate (NO3−), respectively. This review elucidates the so-far identified nitrate transporters, nitrate sensing, signal transduction, and the key roles of nitrate transporters and its downstream transcriptional regulatory network in the primary and lateral root development in Arabidopsis thaliana under stress conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics of Plant Organogenesis and Tissue Regeneration)
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