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Geosciences
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Advances in Carbonate Diagenesis
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Advances in Carbonate Diagenesis

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 5386

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cameron J. Manche

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Interests: carbonate diagenesis; dolomitization; dolomite stoichiometry
Dr. Georgina Lukoczki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kentucky Geological Survey, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
Interests: dolomitization; dolomite recrystallization; carbonate hosted critical mineral deposits
Prof. Dr. Michele Morsilli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: sedimentary geology; carbonate and clastic sedimentology; sequence stratigraphy; paleoclimatology and paleooceanography; field geology; facies analysis; paleoecology; sedimentary structures and internal waves/tide; geological mapping; 3D model of outcrop and seismic; seismic interpretation; subsurface analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, remarkable advances have been made in carbonate diagenesis studies, specifically regarding the use and calibration of various geochemical, mineralogical, and textural proxies. Proxies such as stable isotopes, trace elements, mineralogical properties (e.g., stoichiometry and cation ordering), as well as crystal size and texture, provide valuable insights into the origin and evolution of diagenetic fluids, paleoenvironmental and burial conditions. This Special Issue intends to publish high-impact original research and review papers that apply geochemical, mineralogical, and textural proxies in order to understand carbonate diagenesis. We aim to organize this Topical Collection into four sections that emphasize advances in the following areas of interest: (1) diagenetic proxies (e.g., clumped isotopes, Mg and Ca isotopes, stoichiometry, and textural proxies), (2) diagenetic models, (3) new insights into dolomitization, and (4) novel methods and tools.

Dr. Cameron J. Manche
Dr. Georgina Lukoczki
Prof. Dr. Michele Morsilli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diagenesis
  • experiments
  • proxies
  • dolomitization
  • aragonite stabilization
  • recrystallization

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 34681 KiB  
Article
Dancing Towards the End—Ecological Oscillations in Mediterranean Coral Reefs Prior to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (Calcare di Rosignano Formation, Acquabona, Tuscany, Italy)
by Giovanni Coletti, Alberto Vimercati, Francesca R. Bosellini, Alberto Collareta, Giulia Bosio, Adriano Guido, Alessandro Vescogni, Daniela Basso and Or M. Bialik
Geosciences 2024, 14(11), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14110285 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1647
Abstract
The lower Messinian Calcare di Rosignano Formation (Tuscany, Italy, 43° N) preserves one of the youngest and northernmost examples of coral reefs in the Mediterranean. The outcropping succession of the Acquabona quarry consists of four main facies, namely, in ascending stratigraphic order: (1) [...] Read more.
The lower Messinian Calcare di Rosignano Formation (Tuscany, Italy, 43° N) preserves one of the youngest and northernmost examples of coral reefs in the Mediterranean. The outcropping succession of the Acquabona quarry consists of four main facies, namely, in ascending stratigraphic order: (1) coral boundstone, (2) coralline algal rudstone, (3) serpulid floatstone to packstone, and (4) peloidal packstone to grainstone. The succession displays a trend toward increasingly more shallow conditions and progressively more restricted water circulation. The coral reef displays a limited coral biodiversity and a remarkable abundance of heterotrophs, similar to modern coral reefs developed at the edges of the ecological niche of symbiont-bearing colonial corals. The widespread presence of coral colonies pervasively encrusted by coralline algae and benthic foraminifera suggests that short-term environmental perturbations caused temporary shutdowns of the coral-dominated carbonate factory. Moving upwards, there are fewer corals and more highly adaptable carbonate producers like coralline algae and serpulids. This suggests that the decline of corals had been caused by the conditions in the basin becoming more stressful, up to the collapse of the coral community. The overall succession indicates that coral-dominated ecosystems located at the edges of the coral zone are very sensitive; they can be affected even by minor perturbations and easily collapse if negative conditions persist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbonate Diagenesis)
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18 pages, 17286 KiB  
Article
Depositional Setting, Diagenetic Processes, and Pressure Solution-Assisted Compaction of Mesozoic Platform Carbonates, Southern Apennines, Italy
by Simona Todaro, Canio Manniello, Alessia Pietragalla, Nereo Preto and Fabrizio Agosta
Geosciences 2024, 14(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14040089 - 22 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1577
Abstract
Pressure solution processes taking place during diagenesis deeply modify the hydraulic properties of carbonates, affecting their mechanical layering and hence the dimension, distribution, and connectivity of high-angle fractures. The formation of stylolites is controlled by the texture of the host rock and therefore [...] Read more.
Pressure solution processes taking place during diagenesis deeply modify the hydraulic properties of carbonates, affecting their mechanical layering and hence the dimension, distribution, and connectivity of high-angle fractures. The formation of stylolites is controlled by the texture of the host rock and therefore by the depositional environment and the diagenetic processes that involve it. This study reports the results of a multidisciplinary study carried out on a Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate platform in southern Italy. The goal is to unravel the control exerted by single carbonate textures and specific diagenetic processes on the formation of bed-parallel stylolites. Microfacies analyses of thin sections are aimed at obtaining information regarding the composition and texture of the carbonates. Petrographic observations coupled with CL analyses are key to deciphering their diagenetic history. Results are consistent with carbonates originally deposited in a shallow-water realm in which carbonate mud is occasionally abundant. In this environment, early cementation inhibits their chemical compaction. In grain-supported facies, pressure solution is only localized at the grain contacts. During shallow burial diagenesis, precipitation of blocky calcite predates the formation of bed-parallel stylolites in the grain-supported facies. Contrarily, mud-supported facies favor chemical compaction, which results in stylolites showing a good lateral extension and thick sediment infill. A classification of different types of stylolite morphology is attempted in relation to facies texture. In detail, rougher morphology (sharp-peak) characterizes the stylolites nucleated in grain-supported facies, while smoother morphology (rectangular to wave-like) is observed in stylolites on mud-supported facies. Application of this knowledge can be helpful in constraining the diagenetic history of carbonate rocks cored from depth, and therefore predict the fracture stratigraphy properties of carbonates buried at depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbonate Diagenesis)
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21 pages, 3485 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Bacterial Sulfur Cycling and Ca/Mg Carbonate Precipitation—Old Tales and New Insights from Lagoa Vermelha and Brejo do Espinho, Brazil
by Vanessa Fichtner, Simon L. Schurr, Harald Strauss, Crisógono Vasconcelos, Katja E. Goetschl, Camila Areias, Catia F. Barbosa and Adrian Immenhauser
Geosciences 2023, 13(8), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13080229 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1388
Abstract
Over the few past decades, the concept of microbial sulfur cycling catalyzing the precipitation of CaMg (CO3)2 at low temperatures (<40 °C) has been studied intensely. In this respect, two hypersaline lagoons, Lagoa Vermelha and Brejo do Espinho, in Brazil, [...] Read more.
Over the few past decades, the concept of microbial sulfur cycling catalyzing the precipitation of CaMg (CO3)2 at low temperatures (<40 °C) has been studied intensely. In this respect, two hypersaline lagoons, Lagoa Vermelha and Brejo do Espinho, in Brazil, have been the subject of numerous studies investigating sedimentary Ca/Mg carbonate formation. Here, we present the sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of dissolved sulfate from surface water, as well as sulfate and sulfide from pore-water (δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4, and δ34SH2S), the sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary pyrite (δ34SCRS), and sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS, δ34SCAS and δ18OCAS). The pore-water profiles at Lagoa Vermelha indicate ongoing bacterial sulfate reduction by increasing δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4 and δ34SCRS values downcore. At Brejo do Espinho, the pore-water profiles displayed no depth-dependent isotope trends; the Ca/Mg ratio was, on average, lower, and the δ18OSO4 values in both surface and pore-water were strongly enriched in 18O. There was an overall mismatch between δ34SSO4 and the significantly higher δ34SCAS values. A negative correlation was observed between the Ca/Mg ratio and higher δ34SCAS values. The results show that the size difference between the two lagoons induces differences in the intensity of evaporation, which leads to the increased secretion of extrapolymeric substances (EPSs) by microbes in the smaller Brejo do Espinho. EPS provides the microenvironment where Ca/Mg carbonate can nucleate and preserve increased δ34SCAS values. Apart from EPS, increased sulfur oxidation is proposed to be a second factor causing relative enrichment of Ca/Mg carbonates at Brejo do Espinho. Our results emphasize the role of evaporative processes on Ca/Mg carbonate formation, and indicate that the respective δ34SCAS values reflect microenvironments rather than preserving an open marine δ34SSO4 signature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbonate Diagenesis)
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