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Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women
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Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Women's Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 40948

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Benoît Chénais

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment), UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, F-72085 Le Mans, France
Interests: cancer cell biology; DNA repair; transposable elements; bioactive molecules; gene expression; stress response; microalgae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna M. Giudetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73047 Lecce, Italy
Interests: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; diabetes; lipid metabolism; mitochondrial carriers; obesity; thyroid hormones
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution of our society's lifestyle, marked by an increase in energy intake and a decrease in physical activity, is the main cause of the increases in cardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity. The so-called “western diet” and its pathological consequences also increase the risk of cancer. By contrast, the Mediterranean diet displays preventive effects. In addition, if the consumption of food supplements can also have beneficial effects, it must be supervised and well dosed so as not to have disastrous effects. Several controversies exist in the scientific and medical community about the benefits of food supplements and Mediterranean diets. This is due to the multifactorial aspect of metabolic, cardiovascular and cancerous diseases, which makes it extremely difficult to draw a cause-and-effect relationship between nutritional diet and pathology or its remediation.

The present Special Issue expects to present new data supporting the relationship between diet and women’s pathology or its remediation by mean of epidemiologic studies, case reports, basic experimental science results, etc.

Prof. Dr. Benoît Chénais
Prof. Dr. Anna M. Giudetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mediterranean diet
  • cardiovascular disease
  • breast cancer
  • obesity
  • ovarian cancer
  • metabolic syndrome
  • preeclampsia
  • Western diet

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Could Self-Reported Body Sizes Be an Alternative Tool for Assessing Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women?
by Beata Świątkowska, Marta Szkiela, Radosław Zajdel and Dorota Kaleta
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031809 - 5 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Background: The use of self-reported body size as an alternative tool to estimate body weight for health risk assessment is not widely reported, especially in relation to breast cancer. Therefore, we examined the association between breast cancer and body-mass index (BMI) and the [...] Read more.
Background: The use of self-reported body size as an alternative tool to estimate body weight for health risk assessment is not widely reported, especially in relation to breast cancer. Therefore, we examined the association between breast cancer and body-mass index (BMI) and the usefulness of pictograms. Methods: The case–control study was conducted among postmenopausal women from 2015 to 2019. The study involved 151 women with breast cancer and 67 control subjects. Data were collected by a self-reported detailed questionnaire. Results: An increased, 4.13-fold risk of breast cancer (OR = 4.13; 95% CI [1.69, 10.28]) was observed for women with BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 compared to women with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), whereas the association in the case of obese women was not statistically significant. An increased risk of breast cancer was observed for pictogram scores 3–4 (OR = 8.95; 95% CI [3.22, 24.88]) and for the highest level of self-reported body size, pictograms ≥ 5 (OR = 3.20; 95% CI [1.13, 9.09]). Conclusions: The risk of breast cancer is associated with an increased BMI and visual overweigh and obesity. The results suggest that a self-reporting alternative tool can be used to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity, particularly in situations where no other tools are available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women)
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14 pages, 1240 KiB  
Article
Effects of Mixed of a Ketogenic Diet in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
by Raffaele Ivan Cincione, Francesca Losavio, Fabiana Ciolli, Anna Valenzano, Giuseppe Cibelli, Giovanni Messina and Rita Polito
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12490; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312490 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 9443
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly occurring endocrine disorder characterized by hirsutism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Often comorbid with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity, it also carries significant risk for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a commonly occurring endocrine disorder characterized by hirsutism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Often comorbid with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity, it also carries significant risk for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae, including diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between central obesity and the development of insulin resistance is widely verified. Adipose tissue excess and the coexistent dysregulation of adipocyte functions directly contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic complications observed in women with PCOS. In the light of these evidence, the most therapeutic option prescribed to obese women with PCOS, regardless of the phenotype e from the severity of clinical expression, is lifestyle correction by diet and physical activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in 17 obese women with PCOS. Our results showed that the ketogenic diet inducing therapeutic ketosis, improves the anthropometric and many biochemical parameters such as LH, FSH, SHBG, insulin sensitivity and HOMA index. In addition, it induces a reduction in androgenic production, whereas the contextual reduction of fat mass reduced the acyclic production of estrogens deriving from the aromatization in the adipose tissue of the androgenic excess, with an improvement of the LH/FSH ratio. This is the first study on the effects of the ketogenic diet on PCOS, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying ketogenic diet effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women)
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11 pages, 349 KiB  
Article
Associations of Diet with Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Profiles in Pregnant Women at Risk for Metabolic Complications
by Kataryna Jaworsky, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Petar Planinic and Arpita Basu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11105; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111105 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2263
Abstract
Dietary intakes play an important role in the development of metabolic complications during pregnancy. While reported observational studies reveal an inverse association of healthy diets with weight gain, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive complications during pregnancy, there is a paucity of studies conducted among [...] Read more.
Dietary intakes play an important role in the development of metabolic complications during pregnancy. While reported observational studies reveal an inverse association of healthy diets with weight gain, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive complications during pregnancy, there is a paucity of studies conducted among women of specific ethnicities vulnerable to higher risks of pregnancy complications. This is a secondary cross sectional analysis using baseline data from a previously reported clinical trial. We aim to identify associations of maternal habitual dietary intakes with cardiometabolic risks and inflammatory profiles in primarily African American (AA) and Hispanic women in the first half of pregnancy. Fifty-two women met the study criteria and anthropometric, clinical, and dietary data were obtained at baseline. Linear regression analysis was used to determine associations after covariate adjustments. Among the maternal dietary nutrient intakes, total fats were positively associated with maternal body weight, BMI, and serum CRP (β ± SE: 0.25 ± 0.13, 0.28 ± 0.18, and 0.29 ± 0.14, respectively, all p < 0.05), and saturated fats were positively associated with glycated hemoglobin (0.32 ± 0.12). Dietary fiber intake showed a consistent inverse association with body weight (−0.26 ± 0.13), BMI (−0.19 ± 0.15), glycated hemoglobin (−0.22 ± 0.16), as well as serum CRP (−0.19 ± 0.14). Among the maternal food group intakes, dairy intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (−0.18 ± 0.15) and serum IL-6 (−0.22 ± 0.17), and vegetable intake showed an inverse association with serum CRP (−0.17 ± 0.12) all in adjusted analyses (all p < 0.05). Thus, maternal diet modifications, especially decreasing fats and increasing fiber and dairy may help address obesity and inflammation leading to pregnancy complications in AA and Hispanic women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women)

Review

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19 pages, 1424 KiB  
Review
Contribution of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to the Prevention of Breast Cancer Risk Factors
by Mostefa Fodil, Vincent Blanckaert, Lionel Ulmann, Virginie Mimouni and Benoît Chénais
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137936 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3177
Abstract
Nowadays, diet and breast cancer are studied at different levels, particularly in tumor prevention and progression. Thus, the molecular mechanisms leading to better knowledge are deciphered with a higher precision. Among the molecules implicated in a preventive and anti-progressive way, n-3 long chain [...] Read more.
Nowadays, diet and breast cancer are studied at different levels, particularly in tumor prevention and progression. Thus, the molecular mechanisms leading to better knowledge are deciphered with a higher precision. Among the molecules implicated in a preventive and anti-progressive way, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are good candidates. These molecules, like docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, are generally found in marine material, such as fat fishes or microalgae. EPA and DHA act as anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and anti-angiogenic molecules in breast cancer cell lines, as well as in in vivo studies. A better characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways involving the action of these fatty acids is essential to have a realistic image of the therapeutic avenues envisaged behind their use. This need is reinforced by the increase in the number of clinical trials involving more and more n-3 LC-PUFAs, and this, in various pathologies ranging from obesity to a multitude of cancers. The objective of this review is, therefore, to highlight the new elements showing the preventive and beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs against the development and progression of breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women)
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16 pages, 9860 KiB  
Review
Expanding Roles of De Novo Lipogenesis in Breast Cancer
by Pasquale Simeone, Stefano Tacconi, Serena Longo, Paola Lanuti, Sara Bravaccini, Francesca Pirini, Sara Ravaioli, Luciana Dini and Anna M. Giudetti
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073575 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5818
Abstract
In recent years, lipid metabolism has gained greater attention in several diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is a key component in breast cancer malignant transformation. In particular, de novo lipogenesis provides the substrate required by the proliferating tumor cells to [...] Read more.
In recent years, lipid metabolism has gained greater attention in several diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is a key component in breast cancer malignant transformation. In particular, de novo lipogenesis provides the substrate required by the proliferating tumor cells to maintain their membrane composition and energetic functions during enhanced growth. However, it appears that not all breast cancer subtypes depend on de novo lipogenesis for fatty acid replenishment. Indeed, while breast cancer luminal subtypes rely on de novo lipogenesis, the basal-like receptor-negative subtype overexpresses genes involved in the utilization of exogenous-derived fatty acids, in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation. These metabolic differences are specifically associated with genomic and proteomic changes that can perturb lipogenic enzymes and related pathways. This behavior is further supported by the observation that breast cancer patients can be stratified according to their molecular profiles. Moreover, the discovery that extracellular vesicles act as a vehicle of metabolic enzymes and oncometabolites may provide the opportunity to noninvasively define tumor metabolic signature. Here, we focus on de novo lipogenesis and the specific differences exhibited by breast cancer subtypes and examine the functional contribution of lipogenic enzymes and associated transcription factors in the regulation of tumorigenic processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women)
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15 pages, 3358 KiB  
Review
Uterine Fibroids and Diet
by Andrea Tinelli, Marina Vinciguerra, Antonio Malvasi, Mladen Andjić, Ivana Babović and Radmila Sparić
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031066 - 25 Jan 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 17092
Abstract
Uterine myomas or fibroids are the most common benign female tumors of the reproductive organs, associated with significant morbidity and quality of life impairment. Several epidemiological risk factors for their occurrence have been identified so far, including nutrition and dietary habits. In this [...] Read more.
Uterine myomas or fibroids are the most common benign female tumors of the reproductive organs, associated with significant morbidity and quality of life impairment. Several epidemiological risk factors for their occurrence have been identified so far, including nutrition and dietary habits. In this investigation, authors reviewed, as a narrative review, the data about diet and uterine myoma development in order to homogenize the current data. A PubMed search was conducted for the years 1990–2020, using a combination of keywords of interest for the selected topic. The authors searched the databases, selecting the randomized clinical studies, the observational studies, and the basic (experimental), clinical, and epidemiological researches. Once they collected the articles, they analyzed them according to the number of citations of each article, starting from the most cited to the least cited articles. Subsequently, authors collected the data of each article and inserted them in the various research paragraphs, summarizing the data collected. In this way, they crossed the available data regarding the association between nutrition habits and dietary components and myoma onset and growth. Many nutrients and dietary habits are associated with myoma development risk. These factors include low intakes of fruit, vegetables, and vitamin D, as well as pollutants in food. Despite the available data on the influence of some foods on the development of fibroids, further research is mandatory to understand all the nutrition risk factors which contribute to myoma growth and how exactly these risk factors influence myoma pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Diet and Pathologies in Women)
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