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Advanced Plant Molecular Responses to Abiotic Stresses

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2024 | Viewed by 2946

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Dr. Dong-Gwan Kim

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2. Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
Interests: environmental stresses to plant; phytoremediation; CRISPR/Cas9; plant molecular biology; plant physiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants always encounter stressful circumstances from germination to death, such as light, water, salts, temperature, and nutrient and biotic stresses, primarily affecting the plant’s growth, development, and progeny. But, the plant itself always overcomes these stresses through molecular responses, which means recognition, signal transduction, transcription factor activation/deactivation responses, and finally gene expression. Plant gene expression helps to register or be tolerant and even overcome stressful environments. In addition, plant hormones are crucial compounds for regulating these kinds of target gene expressions.

This Special Issue aims to provide an advanced molecular mechanism on plant abiotic stress acclimation or adaptation with a special focus on the plant abiotic stress registance mechanism. I am confident that this Special Issue will help expand the understanding of the tolerance or overcome mechanism of abiotic stress in plants and further expand the molecular biological basis for researchers studying plant stress. We welcome all research papers or reviews containing molecular biological data.

Dr. Dong-Gwan Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

abiotic stress responses (heat, drought, salinity, nutrient deficiency, oxygen quality, flooding, light, etc.)
genetically modified plants
CRISPR/Cas-mediated stress overcome
microplastic/nanoparticle stresses
bioinformatic studies
miRNAs and other noncoding RNAs involved in abiotic stresses in plants
secondary metabolite synthesis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical Composition, Physiological and Morphological Variations in Salvia subg. Perovskia Populations in Response to Different Salinity Levels

by Zahra Ghaffari, Mehdi Rahimmalek, Mohammad R. Sabzalian, Ahmad Arzani, Razieh Kiani, Shima Gharibi, Katarzyna Wróblewska and Antoni Szumny

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12566; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312566 - 22 Nov 2024

Viewed by 386

Abstract

This study evaluated the salinity tolerance of five populations of Salvia subg. Perovskia (S. abrotanoides and S. yadngii). The aims of the study were to assess essential oil components, as well as growth and physiological parameters of two Salvia species in response to salt stress. Four different levels of salinity (0, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl) were applied. The effects of various concentrations of NaCl on essential oil content, composition, growth, water relation, proline, lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydrogen peroxide content, and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as Na and K contents in leaves and the roots were evaluated. The results revealed that root dry weight loss was higher than that of shoots, indicating root vulnerability due to direct exposure to the salt stress. The lowest and highest oil content was obtained in PATKH (0.6%) at 60 mM and PABAD (0.6%) in 90 mM to 2.16% in PABSM population under 120 mM NaCl. Based on GC-MS analysis, 1,8-cineol (11.64 to 22.02%), camphor (2.67 to 27.14%), bornyl acetate (2.12 to 11.07%), borneol (2.38 to 24.37%), β-caryophyllene (3.24 to 7.58%), α-humulene (2.97 to 7.92%), and δ-3-carene (5.31 to 26.65%) were the most abundant compounds. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), the most salinity-tolerant populations belonged to P. abrotanoides species. These populations are characterized by high root stress tolerance index (STI), root elements, and relative water content (RWC) with elevated levels of salinity stress. Finally, the findings might be useful in unraveling the salinity tolerance mechanisms for integrating stress tolerance with medicinal qualities in future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Molecular Responses to Abiotic Stresses)

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18 pages, 9697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Cytoskeletal Profilin Genes in Plasticity Elongation of Mesocotyl and Coleoptile of Maize Under Diverse Abiotic Stresses

by Xiaoqiang Zhao, Siqi Sun, Zhenzhen Shi, Fuqiang He, Guoxiang Qi, Xin Li and Yining Niu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111693 - 30 Oct 2024

Viewed by 448

Abstract

The plasticity elongation of mesocotyl (MES) and coleoptile (COL) largely determines the morphology of maize seedlings under abiotic stresses. The profilin (PRF) proteins play a pivotal role in cytoskeleton dynamics and plant development via regulating actin polymerization. However, little is known about whether and how the expression of the ZmPRF gene family regulates MES and COL elongation in maize under adverse abiotic stresses. Here, a total of eight ZmPRF gene members were identified in the maize genome. They were mainly located in the cytoplasm, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, and clearly divided into four classes, based on phylogenetic analysis. Segmental duplication was the main driver for the expansion of ZmPRF genes. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that most ZmPRF genes were intensely purified and selected. Promoter cis-element analysis suggested their potential roles in response to growth and development, stress adaption, hormone response, and light response. The protein–protein interaction network and two independent RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that eight ZmPRF genes and their thirty-seven interacting genes showed varied expression patterns in MES and COL of three maize genotypes under different sowing depths, 24-epibrassinolide application, and light spectral-quality treatments, of which ZmPRF3.3 was a potential core conserved gene for breeding application. Moreover, the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verified that the relative expression levels of most ZmPRF genes in MES and COL under above treatments were significantly correlated with the plasticity elongation of MES and COL in maize. Therefore, these results perform a comprehensive overview of the ZmPRF family and will provide valuable information for the validation of the function of ZmPRF genes in maize development under diverse abiotic stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Molecular Responses to Abiotic Stresses)

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41 pages, 6783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stress-Responsive Gene Expression, Metabolic, Physiological, and Agronomic Responses by Consortium Nano-Silica with Trichoderma against Drought Stress in Bread Wheat

by Ghalia S. Aljeddani, Ragaa A. Hamouda, Amal M. Abdelsattar and Yasmin M. Heikal

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 10954; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010954 - 11 Oct 2024

Viewed by 860

Abstract

The exploitation of drought is a critical worldwide challenge that influences wheat growth and productivity. This study aimed to investigate a synergistic amendment strategy for drought using the single and combined application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) (Trichoderma harzianum) and biogenic silica nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) from rice husk ash (RHA) on Saudi Arabia’s Spring wheat Summit cultivar (Triticum aestivum L.) for 102 DAS (days after sowing). The significant improvement was due to the application of 600 ppm SiO₂NPs and T. harzianum + 600 ppm SiO₂NPs, which enhanced the physiological properties of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total pigments, osmolytes, and antioxidant contents of drought-stressed wheat plants as adaptive strategies. The results suggest that the expression of the studied genes (TaP5CS1, TaZFP34, TaWRKY1, TaMPK3, TaLEA, and the wheat housekeeping gene TaActin) in wheat remarkably enhanced wheat tolerance to drought stress. We discovered that the genes and metabolites involved significantly contributed to defense responses, making them potential targets for assessing drought tolerance levels. The drought tolerance indices of wheat were revealed by the mean productivity (MP), stress sensitivity index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), and stress tolerance index (STI). We employed four databases, such as BAR, InterPro, phytozome, and the KEGG pathway, to predict and decipher the putative domains in prior gene sequencing. As a result, we discovered that these genes may be involved in a range of important biological functions in specific tissues at different developmental stages, including response to drought stress, proline accumulation, plant growth and development, and defense response. In conclusion, the sole and/or dual T. harzianum application to the wheat cultivar improved drought tolerance strength. These findings could be insightful data for wheat production in Saudi Arabia under various water regimes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Molecular Responses to Abiotic Stresses)

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14 pages, 3283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Identification of Glutathione S-Transferase Family from Dendrobium officinale and the Functional Characterization of DoGST5 in Cadmium Tolerance

by Wu Jiang, Tao Wang, Man Zhang, Xiaojing Duan, Jiadong Chen, Yingying Liu, Zhengming Tao and Qiaosheng Guo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8439; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158439 - 2 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 840

Abstract

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are members of a protein superfamily with diverse physiological functions, including cellular detoxification and protection against oxidative damage. However, there is limited research on GSTs responding to cadmium (Cd) stress. This study classified 46 GST genes in Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) into nine groups using model construction and domain annotation. Evolutionary analysis revealed nine subfamilies with diverse physical and chemical properties. Prediction of subcellular localization revealed that half of the GST members were located in the cytoplasm. According to the expression analysis of GST family genes responding to Cd stress, DoGST5 responded significantly to Cd stress. Transient expression of DoGST5-GFP in tobacco leaves revealed that DoGST5 was localized in the cytoplasm. DoGST5 overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced Cd tolerance by reducing Cd-induced H₂O₂ and O₂⁻ levels. These findings demonstrate that DoGST5 plays a critical role in enhancing Cd tolerance by balancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, offering potential applications for improving plant adaptability to heavy metal stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Plant Molecular Responses to Abiotic Stresses)

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