International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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3 pages, 174 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue “Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress”

by Helena P. Felgueiras

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137153 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1016

Abstract

Biomaterials have demonstrated their ability to serve as effective drug delivery platforms, enabling targeted and localized administration of therapeutic agents [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

Research

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17 pages, 9013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Characterization of a Sustained Nitric Oxide-Releasing Orthodontic Elastomeric Chain for Antimicrobial Action

by Alec McDonald, Carly Warden, Jinlian Tan, Kellianne M. Piell, Jill M. Steinbach-Rankins, Nandakumar Janakiraman, David A. Scott, Marsha P. Cole and Sudha Gudhimella

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 6982; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136982 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1185

Abstract

The acidic byproducts of bacteria in plaque around orthodontic brackets contribute to white spot lesion (WSL) formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has antibacterial properties, hindering biofilm formation and inhibiting the growth of oral microbes. Materials that mimic NO release could prevent oral bacteria-related pathologies. [...] Read more.

The acidic byproducts of bacteria in plaque around orthodontic brackets contribute to white spot lesion (WSL) formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has antibacterial properties, hindering biofilm formation and inhibiting the growth of oral microbes. Materials that mimic NO release could prevent oral bacteria-related pathologies. This study aims to integrate S-nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a promising NO donor, into orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, apply an additional polymer coating, and evaluate the NO-release kinetics and antimicrobial activity against Streptococus mutans. SNAP was added to clear elastomeric chains (8 loops, 23 mm long) at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/mL, and a control). Chains were then coated, via electrospinning, with additional polymer (Elastollan^®) to aid in extending the NO release. NO flux was measured daily for 30 days. Samples with 75 mg/mL SNAP + Elastollan^® were tested against S. mutans for inhibition of biofilm formation on and around the chain. SNAP was successfully integrated into ligatures at each concentration. Only the 75 mg/mL SNAP chains maintained their elasticity. After polymer coating, samples exhibited a significant burst of NO on the first day, exceeding the machine’s reading capacity, which gradually decreased over 29 days. Ligatures also inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Future research will assess their mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. This study presents a novel strategy to address white spot lesion (WSL) formation and bacterial-related pathologies by utilizing nitric oxide-releasing materials. Manufactured chains with antimicrobial properties provide a promising solution for orthodontic challenges, showing significant potential for academic-industrial collaboration and commercial viability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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27 pages, 7810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microwave Irradiation vs. Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Features of Porous Environmentally Active Silver–Silica Nanocomposites

by Aleksandra Strach, Mateusz Dulski, Daniel Wasilkowski, Oliwia Metryka, Anna Nowak, Krzysztof Matus, Karolina Dudek, Patrycja Rawicka, Jerzy Kubacki, Natalia Waloszczyk, Agnieszka Mrozik and Sylwia Golba

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6632; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076632 - 1 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2302

Abstract

Heavy metals and other organic pollutants burden the environment, and their removal or neutralization is still inadequate. The great potential for development in this area includes porous, spherical silica nanostructures with a well-developed active surface and open porosity. In this context, we modified [...] Read more.

Heavy metals and other organic pollutants burden the environment, and their removal or neutralization is still inadequate. The great potential for development in this area includes porous, spherical silica nanostructures with a well-developed active surface and open porosity. In this context, we modified the surface of silica spheres using a microwave field (variable power and exposure time) to increase the metal uptake potential and build stable bioactive Ag₂O/Ag₂CO₃ heterojunctions. The results showed that the power of the microwave field (P = 150 or 700 W) had a more negligible effect on carrier modification than time (t = 60 or 150 s). The surface-activated and silver-loaded silica carrier features like morphology, structure, and chemical composition correlate with microbial and antioxidant enzyme activity. We demonstrated that the increased sphericity of silver nanoparticles enormously increased toxicity against E. coli, B. cereus, and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, such structures negatively affected the antioxidant defense system of E. coli, B. cereus, and S. epidermidis through the induction of oxidative stress, leading to cell death. The most robust effects were found for nanocomposites in which the carrier was treated for an extended period in a microwave field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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18 pages, 4238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chitosan as a Promising Support of a CDH Activity Preservation System for Biomedical and Industrial Applications

by Justyna Sulej, Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk, Magdalena Jaszek, Anna Olszewska, Anna Belcarz and Wiktoria Piątek-Gołda

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4535; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054535 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2193

Abstract

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular hemoflavoprotein catalyzing the oxidation reaction of β-1,4-glycosidic-bonded sugars (lactose or cellobiose), which results in the formation of aldobionic acids and hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. The biotechnological application of CDH requires the immobilization of the enzyme on [...] Read more.

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular hemoflavoprotein catalyzing the oxidation reaction of β-1,4-glycosidic-bonded sugars (lactose or cellobiose), which results in the formation of aldobionic acids and hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. The biotechnological application of CDH requires the immobilization of the enzyme on a suitable support. As a carrier of natural origin used for CDH immobilization, chitosan seems to increase the catalytic potential of the enzyme, especially for applications as packaging in the food industry and as a dressing material in medical applications. The present study aimed to immobilize the enzyme on chitosan beads and determine the physicochemical and biological properties of immobilized CDHs obtained from different fungal sources. The chitosan beads with immobilized CDHs were characterized in terms of their FTIR spectra or SEM microstructure. The most effective method of immobilization in the proposed modification was the covalent bonding of enzyme molecules using glutaraldehyde, resulting in efficiencies ranging from 28 to 99%. Very promising results, compared to free CDH, were obtained in the case of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. Summarizing the obtained data, chitosan seems to be a valuable material for the development of innovative and effective immobilization systems for biomedical applications or food packaging, preserving the unique properties of CDH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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13 pages, 2719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structure and Microbiological Activity of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole Derivatives

by Andrzej Olczak, Tomasz Pawlak, Sylwia Kałużyńska, Katarzyna Gobis, Izabela Korona-Głowniak, Katarzyna Suśniak, Marcin Zaborowski and Małgorzata Szczesio

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043319 - 7 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1848

Abstract

Three new crystal structures of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were determined. In the structures of these compounds, an identical system of hydrogen bonds, C(4), was observed. Solid-state NMR was applied for testing the quality of the obtained samples. All of these [...] Read more.

Three new crystal structures of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were determined. In the structures of these compounds, an identical system of hydrogen bonds, C(4), was observed. Solid-state NMR was applied for testing the quality of the obtained samples. All of these compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal activity, by checking their selectivity. ADME calculations indicate that the compounds can be tested as potential drugs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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20 pages, 9312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New N-(1-Hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-6-yl)(hetero)aryl-2-carboxamides as Potential Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase

by Petr Šlechta, Adam Anthony Needle, Ondřej Jand’ourek, Pavla Paterová, Klára Konečná, Pavel Bárta, Jiří Kuneš, Vladimír Kubíček, Martin Doležal and Marta Kučerová-Chlupáčová

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2951; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032951 - 2 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2558

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a serious killer among infectious diseases due to its incidence, mortality, and occurrence of resistant mycobacterial strains. The challenge to discover new antimycobacterial agents forced us to prepare a series of N-(1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-6-yl)(hetero)aryl-2-carboxamides 1–19 via the acylation of 6-aminobenzo[ [...] Read more.

Tuberculosis remains a serious killer among infectious diseases due to its incidence, mortality, and occurrence of resistant mycobacterial strains. The challenge to discover new antimycobacterial agents forced us to prepare a series of N-(1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-6-yl)(hetero)aryl-2-carboxamides 1–19 via the acylation of 6-aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol with various activated (hetero)arylcarboxylic acids. These novel compounds have been tested in vitro against a panel of clinically important fungi and bacteria, including mycobacteria. Some of the compounds inhibited the growth of mycobacteria in the range of micromolar concentrations and retained this activity also against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Half the maximal inhibitory concentrations against the HepG2 cell line indicated an acceptable toxicological profile. No growth inhibition of other bacteria and fungi demonstrated selectivity of the compounds against mycobacteria. The structure–activity relationships have been derived and supported with a molecular docking study, which confirmed a selectivity toward the potential target leucyl-tRNA synthetase without an impact on the human enzyme. The presented compounds can become important materials in antimycobacterial research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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17 pages, 4434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antimicrobial Performance of Innovative Functionalized Surfaces Based on Enamel Coatings: The Effect of Silver-Based Additives on the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

by Hamza Ur Rehman, Francesca Russo, Massimo Calovi, Orietta Massidda and Stefano Rossi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032364 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2135

Abstract

Frequently touched surfaces (FTS) that are contaminated with pathogens are one of the main sources of nosocomial infections, which commonly include hospital-acquired and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). HAIs are considered the most common adverse event that has a significant burden on the public’s health [...] Read more.

Frequently touched surfaces (FTS) that are contaminated with pathogens are one of the main sources of nosocomial infections, which commonly include hospital-acquired and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). HAIs are considered the most common adverse event that has a significant burden on the public’s health worldwide currently. The persistence of pathogens on contaminated surfaces and the transmission of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens by way of healthcare surfaces, which are frequently touched by healthcare workers, visitors, and patients increase the risk of acquiring infectious agents in hospital environments. Moreover, not only in hospitals but also in high-traffic public places, FTS play a major role in the spreading of pathogens. Consequently, attention has been devoted to developing novel and alternative methods to tackle this problem. This study planned to produce and characterize innovative functionalized enameled coated surfaces supplemented with 1% AgNO₃ and 2% AgNO₃. Thus, the antimicrobial properties of the enamels against relevant nosocomial pathogens including the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans were assessed using the ISO:22196:2011 norm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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19 pages, 1483 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultrasensitive Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using SuperSelective Primer-Based Real-Time PCR Assays

by Anshika Narang, Salvatore A. E. Marras, Natalia Kurepina, Varsha Chauhan, Elena Shashkina, Barry Kreiswirth, Mandira Varma-Basil, Christopher Vinnard and Selvakumar Subbian

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15752; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415752 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3058

Abstract

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant global health issue. The presence of heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical to developing fully drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. The currently available molecular techniques may detect one copy of mutant bacterial genomic DNA in the presence of [...] Read more.

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant global health issue. The presence of heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical to developing fully drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. The currently available molecular techniques may detect one copy of mutant bacterial genomic DNA in the presence of about 1–1000 copies of wild-type M. tuberculosis DNA. To improve the limit of heteroresistance detection, we developed SuperSelective primer-based real-time PCR assays, which, by their unique assay design, enable selective and exponential amplification of selected point mutations in the presence of abundant wild-type DNA. We designed SuperSelective primers to detect genetic mutations associated with M. tuberculosis resistance to the anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid and rifampin. We evaluated the efficiency of our assay in detecting heteroresistant M. tuberculosis strains using genomic DNA isolated from laboratory strains and clinical isolates from the sputum of tuberculosis patients. Results show that our assays detected heteroresistant mutations with a specificity of 100% in a background of up to 10⁴ copies of wild-type M. tuberculosis genomic DNA, corresponding to a detection limit of 0.01%. Therefore, the SuperSelective primer-based RT-PCR assay is an ultrasensitive tool that can efficiently diagnose heteroresistant tuberculosis in clinical specimens and contributes to understanding the drug resistance mechanisms. This approach can improve the management of antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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10 pages, 935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The In Vitro Effect of Laser Irradiation (Er:YAG and CO₂) and Chemical Reagents (Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, or Sodium Fluoride) Alone or in Combination on Reducing Root Caries Bacteria

by Nitya Reddy, Janina Golob Deeb, Todd Kitten, Caroline K. Carrico and Kinga Grzech-Leśniak

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15732; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415732 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1797

Abstract

(1) Lasers have been used for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity and bacterial reductions in periodontology. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) lasers with chlorhexidine [...] Read more.

(1) Lasers have been used for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity and bacterial reductions in periodontology. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) lasers with chlorhexidine (CHX), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), or sodium fluoride (NaF) on the viability of oral bacteria associated with root caries. (2) Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, diluted to an OD660 of 0.5, and treated with antiseptics with or without simultaneous irradiation with the Er:YAG and CO₂ lasers for 30 s repeated three times. The treatment groups consisted of 1: no treatment, 2: 0.5% H₂O₂ alone, 3: 0.5% NaOCl alone, 4: 0.12% CHX alone, 5: 2% NaF alone, 6: laser alone, 7: laser with 0.5% H₂O₂, 8: laser with 0.5% NaOCl, 9: laser with 0.12% CHX, and 10: laser with 2% NaF for both lasers. The microbial viability was determined through plating and viable colonies were counted, converted into CFU/mL, and transformed into log form. The statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed paired t-test. (3) The use of CO₂ and Er:YAG lasers alone failed to show statistically significant antibacterial activity against any of the bacteria. The only effective monotreatment was CHX for S. mutans. The combined treatment of 0.5% NaOCl with Er:YAG produced the greatest reduction in overall viability. (4) The combination of the Er:YAG laser with 0.5% NaOCl resulted in the largest reduction in bacterial survival when compared to monotherapies with antimicrobial solutions or lasers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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18 pages, 3807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Ag@AgCl Nanoparticle Synthesized by Arctic Marine Bacterium: Characterization, Activity and Mechanism

by Shuang Li, Hui Zhang, Bailin Cong, Peiqing He, Wenqi Liu and Shenghao Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415558 - 8 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2203

Abstract

An additive- and pollution-free method for the preparation of biogenic silver and silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag@AgCl NPs) was developed from the bacteria Shewanella sp. Arc9-LZ, which was isolated from the deep sea of the Arctic Ocean. The optimal synthesizing conditions were explored, including [...] Read more.

An additive- and pollution-free method for the preparation of biogenic silver and silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag@AgCl NPs) was developed from the bacteria Shewanella sp. Arc9-LZ, which was isolated from the deep sea of the Arctic Ocean. The optimal synthesizing conditions were explored, including light, pH, Ag⁺ concentration and time. The nanoparticles were studied by means of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers (ICP-OES). The transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and well dispersed, with particle sizes less than 20.00 nm. With Ag@AgCl nanoparticles, the kinetic rate constants for congo red (CR) and rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation were 2.74 × 10⁻¹ min⁻¹ and 7.78 × 10⁻¹ min⁻¹, respectively. The maximum decolourization efficiencies of CR and RhB were 93.36% and 99.52%, respectively. Ag@AgCl nanoparticles also showed high antibacterial activities against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum indicated that the O-H, N-H and -COO- groups in the supernatant of Arc9-LZ might participate in the reduction, stabilization and capping of nanoparticles. We mapped the schematic diagram on possible mechanisms for synthesizing Ag@AgCl NPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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14 pages, 2526 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preharvest Application of Commercial Products Based on Chitosan, Phosphoric Acid Plus Micronutrients, and Orange Essential Oil on Postharvest Quality and Gray Mold Infections of Strawberry

by Razieh Rajestary, Panayiota Xylia, Antonios Chrysargyris, Gianfranco Romanazzi and Nikolaos Tzortzakis

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415472 - 7 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2529

Abstract

Strawberry is a perishable fruit with a limited shelf life after harvest due to deterioration of quality and the development of gray mold, Rhizopus rot and other minor diseases. In this study, the effectiveness of commercial compounds based on chitosan, phosphoric acid plus [...] Read more.

Strawberry is a perishable fruit with a limited shelf life after harvest due to deterioration of quality and the development of gray mold, Rhizopus rot and other minor diseases. In this study, the effectiveness of commercial compounds based on chitosan, phosphoric acid plus micronutrients, and sweet orange essential oil (EO) in reducing decay and optimizing the quality of strawberries was analyzed. The plant canopy of a greenhouse crop was sprayed once and strawberry fruit were harvested three days later. Gray mold infections were evaluated after chilled storage for seven days at 4 ± 0.5 °C followed by five days shelf life. The qualitative parameters were recorded at harvest (initial day) and after three days of storage at room temperature (RT, 20 °C) or after cold storage and shelf life (CS, 4 °C). The application of sweet orange EO increased the antioxidant and flavonoid content at harvest, while a decrease was reported following three days of storage at RT. At the same time, increased ethylene production and weight loss were observed during CS three days after harvesting. Chitosan treatment maintained the harvest fruit quality and was effective in the control of postharvest decay. Our results suggest that the investigated natural compounds could improve strawberry quality after harvest. Since chitosan performed best in terms of maintaining quality and reducing postharvest decay, it could be considered as a good substitute for chemical-synthetic fungicides for the preservation of strawberry postharvest gray mold. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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13 pages, 2272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into the Biocompatibility and Biological Potential of a Chitosan Nanoencapsulated Textile Dye

by Eduardo M. Costa, Sara Silva, Freni K. Tavaria and Manuela Pintado

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214234 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1418

Abstract

Traditionally synthetic textile dyes are hazardous and toxic compounds devoid of any biological activity. As nanoencapsulation of yellow everzol textile dye with chitosan has been shown to produce biocompatible nanoparticles which were still capable of dyeing textiles, this work aims to further characterize [...] Read more.

Traditionally synthetic textile dyes are hazardous and toxic compounds devoid of any biological activity. As nanoencapsulation of yellow everzol textile dye with chitosan has been shown to produce biocompatible nanoparticles which were still capable of dyeing textiles, this work aims to further characterize the biocompatibility of yellow everzol nanoparticles (NPs) and to ascertain if the produced nanoencapsulated dyes possess any biological activity against various skin pathogens in vitro assays and in a cell infection model. The results showed that the NPs had no deleterious effects on the HaCat cells’ metabolism and cell wall, contrary to the high toxicity of the dye. The biological activity evaluation showed that NPs had a significant antimicrobial activity, with low MICs (0.5–2 mg/mL) and MBCs (1–3 mg/mL) being registered. Additionally, NPs inhibited biofilm formation of all tested microorganisms (inhibitions between 30 and 87%) and biofilm quorum sensing. Lastly, the dye NPs were effective in managing MRSA infection of HaCat cells as they significantly reduced intracellular and extracellular bacterial counts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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14 pages, 5098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antibacterial Soy Protein Isolate Prepared by Quaternization

by Qi Dong, Jingwen Lei, Hanjian Wang, Meifang Ke, Xiao Liang, Xindi Yang, Hui Liang, Céline Huselstein, Zan Tong and Yun Chen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169110 - 14 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2603

Abstract

Soy protein isolate (SPI) is green, high-yield natural plant protein, which is widely applied in industry (packing material and adhesives) and tissue engineering. It is meaningful to improve the antibacterial property of soy protein isolate to fabricate versatile safe products to meet people’s [...] Read more.

Soy protein isolate (SPI) is green, high-yield natural plant protein, which is widely applied in industry (packing material and adhesives) and tissue engineering. It is meaningful to improve the antibacterial property of soy protein isolate to fabricate versatile safe products to meet people’s requirements. In this study, quaternized soy protein isolate (QSPI) was synthesized by the reaction between 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC) and SPI. The positive charged (17.8 ± 0.23 mV) quaternary ammonium groups endow the QSPI with superior antibacterial properties against multiple bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Notably, QSPI maintains its good biocompatibility and promotes bacterial-infected wound healing in rat models. Furthermore, QSPI possesses superior water solubility in a broad pH range than raw SPI. Altogether, this soy protein isolate derivative with antibacterial property and superior water solubility may extend the application of SPI in industry and tissue engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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Review

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22 pages, 1636 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Peptide Hydrogels

by Aryanna Copling, Maxwell Akantibila, Raaha Kumaresan, Gilbert Fleischer, Dennise Cortes, Rahul S. Tripathi, Valerie J. Carabetta and Sebastián L. Vega

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7563; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087563 - 20 Apr 2023

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5011

Abstract

Advances in the number and type of available biomaterials have improved medical devices such as catheters, stents, pacemakers, prosthetic joints, and orthopedic devices. The introduction of a foreign material into the body comes with a risk of microbial colonization and subsequent infection. Infections [...] Read more.

Advances in the number and type of available biomaterials have improved medical devices such as catheters, stents, pacemakers, prosthetic joints, and orthopedic devices. The introduction of a foreign material into the body comes with a risk of microbial colonization and subsequent infection. Infections of surgically implanted devices often lead to device failure, which leads to increased patient morbidity and mortality. The overuse and improper use of antimicrobials has led to an alarming rise and spread of drug-resistant infections. To overcome the problem of drug-resistant infections, novel antimicrobial biomaterials are increasingly being researched and developed. Hydrogels are a class of 3D biomaterials consisting of a hydrated polymer network with tunable functionality. As hydrogels are customizable, many different antimicrobial agents, such as inorganic molecules, metals, and antibiotics have been incorporated or tethered to them. Due to the increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being increasingly explored as alternative agents. AMP-tethered hydrogels are being increasingly examined for antimicrobial properties and practical applications, such as wound-healing. Here, we provide a recent update, from the last 5 years of innovations and discoveries made in the development of photopolymerizable, self-assembling, and AMP-releasing hydrogels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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12 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessReview

Prevention of Ventriculostomy Related Infection: Effectiveness of Impregnated Biomaterial

by Sylvain Diop, Ariane Roujansky, Hatem Kallel and Roman Mounier

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054819 - 2 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1980

Abstract

External ventricular drain(EVD) exposes the patient to infectious complications which are associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. Biomaterials impregnated with various antimicrobial agents have been developed to decrease the rate of bacterial colonization and subsequent infection. While promising, antibiotics and silver-impregnated EVD [...] Read more.

External ventricular drain(EVD) exposes the patient to infectious complications which are associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. Biomaterials impregnated with various antimicrobial agents have been developed to decrease the rate of bacterial colonization and subsequent infection. While promising, antibiotics and silver-impregnated EVD showed conflicting clinical results. The aim of the present review is to discuss the challenges associated with the development of antimicrobial EVD catheters and their effectiveness from the bench to the bedside. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

21 pages, 2917 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Potential of Antibiotics and Nanomaterial Combinations as Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Infections: A Review

by Oluwaseun Ola Adeniji, Nolonwabo Nontongana, Janet Chiyem Okoh and Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315038 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4629

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health concern around the world. This is exacerbated by the non-discovery of novel drugs, the development of resistance mechanisms in most of the clinical isolates of bacteria, as well as recurring infections, hindering disease treatment efficacy. [...] Read more.

Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health concern around the world. This is exacerbated by the non-discovery of novel drugs, the development of resistance mechanisms in most of the clinical isolates of bacteria, as well as recurring infections, hindering disease treatment efficacy. In vitro data has shown that antibiotic combinations can be effective when microorganisms are resistant to individual drugs. Recently, advances in the direction of combination therapy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections have embraced antibiotic combinations and the use of nanoparticles conjugated with antibiotics. Nanoparticles (NPs) can penetrate the cellular membrane of disease-causing organisms and obstruct essential molecular pathways, showing unique antibacterial mechanisms. Combined with the optimal drugs, NPs have established synergy and may assist in regulating the general threat of emergent bacterial resistance. This review comprises a general overview of antibiotic combinations strategies for the treatment of microbial infections. The potential of antibiotic combinations with NPs as new entrants in the antimicrobial therapy domain is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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23 pages, 5094 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Agents Delivery—An Up-to-Date Review

by Doina-Antonia Mercan, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 13862; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213862 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3162

Abstract

Infectious diseases constitute an increasing threat to public health and medical systems worldwide. Particularly, the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has left the pharmaceutical arsenal unarmed to fight against such severe microbial infections. Thus, the context has called for a paradigm shift in managing [...] Read more.

Infectious diseases constitute an increasing threat to public health and medical systems worldwide. Particularly, the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has left the pharmaceutical arsenal unarmed to fight against such severe microbial infections. Thus, the context has called for a paradigm shift in managing bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, leading to the collision of medicine with nanotechnology. As a result, renewed research interest has been noted in utilizing various nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles, aiming to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In more detail, numerous studies have loaded natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents into different inorganic, lipid, and polymeric-based nanomaterials and tested them against clinically relevant pathogens. In this respect, this paper reviews the most recently reported successfully fabricated nanoformulations that demonstrated a great potential against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites of interest for human medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Biomaterials: Recent Progress)

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