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New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications
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New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 12942

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anca Pantea Stoian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: diabetes; nutrition; metabolic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

I have the honour and privilege of being a Guest Editor for the new Special Issue "New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications".

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in modern society. Nevertheless, unfortunately, there are still insufficient research data on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications.

This Special Issue aims to bring forward exciting papers based on the new pathological mechanisms and therapeutic discoveries related to type 2 diabetes and its complications. Therefore, we encourage you to submit original research and review articles regarding recent advances in diabetes pathophysiology and new therapeutic molecules, as well as those related to cardiovascular disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, chronic kidney disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Thank you in advance for your interest. 

Dr. Anca Pantea Stoian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • diabetes type 2
  • diabetes complications
  • pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
  • new diabetes treatment
  • cardiovascular disease
  • stroke
  • peripheral artery disease
  • chronic kidney disease
  • retinopathy
  • neuropathy
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2846 KiB  
Article
Dioxin-Induced PAI-1 Expression: A Novel Pathway to Pancreatic β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes
by Suyeol Im, Sora Kang, Woo Jung Son, Minuk Son, Seung Jun Oh, Hye Ji Yoon and Youngmi Kim Pak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 11974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211974 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 519
Abstract
Exposure to environment-polluting chemicals (EPCs), which are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study explores the mechanisms by which AhR ligands contribute to β-cell failure in T2D. Incubation of RINm5F rat [...] Read more.
Exposure to environment-polluting chemicals (EPCs), which are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study explores the mechanisms by which AhR ligands contribute to β-cell failure in T2D. Incubation of RINm5F rat pancreatic β-cells with low-dose 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), the most potent AhR ligand, inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). A single injection of TCDD in wild type mice reduced the size of Langerhans islets, but not in AhR liver knock-out mice (AhR-LKO). RNA-seq database analysis identified Serpine1, encoding for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) as a TCDD-mediated secretory protein that is synthesized in an AhR-dependent manner in the liver. Elevated PAI-1 levels were shown to induce Caspase-3/7-dependent apoptosis in RINm5F cells, suggesting a novel pathway through which EPCs exacerbate T2D. These findings support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to AhR ligands may directly inhibit GSIS in pancreatic β-cells and indirectly induce β-cell apoptosis through increased PAI-1. This study provides new insights into the EPC-PAI-1 axis as a missing link between pancreatic β-cell failure and the progression of T2D and offers a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications)
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Review

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18 pages, 2619 KiB  
Review
Pathophysiological Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Novel Therapeutic Approaches
by Shifat-E Ferdous and Jessica M. Ferrell
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8731; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168731 - 10 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2412
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often featuring hyperglycemia or insulin resistance, is a global health concern that is increasing in prevalence in the United States and worldwide. A common complication is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often featuring hyperglycemia or insulin resistance, is a global health concern that is increasing in prevalence in the United States and worldwide. A common complication is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that is also rapidly increasing in prevalence. The majority of patients with T2DM will experience MASLD, and likewise, individuals with MASLD are at an increased risk for developing T2DM. These two disorders may act synergistically, in part due to increased lipotoxicity and inflammation within the liver, among other causes. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear, as is how the improvement of one disorder can ameliorate the other. This review aims to discuss the pathogenic interactions between T2D and MASLD, and will highlight novel therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of these diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications)
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15 pages, 521 KiB  
Review
Skin Autofluorescence as a Potential Adjunctive Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
by Delia Reurean-Pintilei, Anca Pantea Stoian, Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru, Teodor Salmen, Delia Cinteză, Roxana-Adriana Stoica, Sandra Lazăr and Bogdan Timar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073889 - 31 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its long-term hyperglycemia, leads to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), especially in the vessel walls. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a non-invasive tool that measures AGEs. DM patients have a rich dietary source in AGEs, associated with [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its long-term hyperglycemia, leads to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), especially in the vessel walls. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a non-invasive tool that measures AGEs. DM patients have a rich dietary source in AGEs, associated with high oxidative stress and long-term inflammation. AGEs represent a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, and they are linked with CV events. Our objective was to assess whether SAF predicts future CV events (CVE) by examining its association with other CV risk factors in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Additionally, we assessed the strengths and limitations of SAF as a predictive tool for CVE. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology, we conducted a systematic review with CRD42024507397 protocol, focused on AGEs, T2DM, SAF, and CV risk. We identified seven studies from 2014 to 2024 that predominantly used the AGE Reader Diagnostic Optic tool. The collective number of patients involved is 8934, with an average age of 63. So, SAF is a valuable, non-invasive marker for evaluating CV risk in T2DM patients. It stands out as a CV risk factor associated independently with CVE. SAF levels are influenced by prolonged hyperglycemia, lifestyle, aging, and other chronic diseases such as depression, and it can be used as a predictive tool for CVE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications)
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19 pages, 2676 KiB  
Review
Natural Inhibitors of Mammalian α-Amylases as Promising Drugs for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases
by Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii, Oksana V. Sintsova, Irina N. Gladkikh and Elena V. Leychenko
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16514; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216514 - 20 Nov 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3438
Abstract
α-Amylase is a generally acknowledged molecular target of a distinct class of antidiabetic drugs named α-glucosidase inhibitors. This class of medications is scarce and rather underutilized, and treatment with current commercial drugs is accompanied by unpleasant adverse effects. However, mammalian α-amylase inhibitors are [...] Read more.
α-Amylase is a generally acknowledged molecular target of a distinct class of antidiabetic drugs named α-glucosidase inhibitors. This class of medications is scarce and rather underutilized, and treatment with current commercial drugs is accompanied by unpleasant adverse effects. However, mammalian α-amylase inhibitors are abundant in nature and form an extensive pool of high-affinity ligands that are available for drug discovery. Individual compounds and natural extracts and preparations are promising therapeutic agents for conditions associated with impaired starch metabolism, e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the structural diversity and action mechanisms of active natural products with inhibitory activity toward mammalian α-amylases, and emphasizes proteinaceous inhibitors as more effective compounds with significant potential for clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications)
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16 pages, 1736 KiB  
Review
A Critical View over the Newest Antidiabetic Molecules in Light of Efficacy—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Teodor Salmen, Liviu-Ionut Serbanoiu, Ioana-Cristina Bica, Cristian Serafinceanu, Emir Muzurović, Andrej Janez, Stefan Busnatu, Maciej Banach, Ali Abbas Rizvi, Manfredi Rizzo and Anca Pantea Stoian
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9760; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119760 - 5 Jun 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3863
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy without a decrease in the years lived without disability leads to the rise of the population aged over 65 years prone to polypharmacy. The novel antidiabetic drugs can improve this global therapeutic and health problem in patients with [...] Read more.
The increase in life expectancy without a decrease in the years lived without disability leads to the rise of the population aged over 65 years prone to polypharmacy. The novel antidiabetic drugs can improve this global therapeutic and health problem in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to establish the efficacy (A1c hemoglobin reduction) and safety of the newest antidiabetic drugs (considered so due to their novelty in medical practice use), specifically DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, GLP-1 Ra, and tirzepatide. The present meta-analysis followed the protocol registered at Prospero with the CRD42022330442 registration number. The reduction in HbA1c in the DPP4-i class for tenegliptin was 95% CI −0.54 [−1.1, 0.01], p = 0.06; in the SGLT2-iclass for ipragliflozin 95% CI −0.2 [−0.87, 0.47], p = 0.55; and for tofogliflozin 95% CI 3.13 [−12.02, 18.28], p = 0.69, while for tirzepatide it was 0.15, 95% CI [−0.50, 0.80] (p = 0.65). The guidelines for treatment in type 2 DM are provided from cardiovascular outcome trials that report mainly major adverse cardiovascular events and data about efficacy. The newest antidiabetic non-insulinic drugs are reported to be efficient in lowering HbA1c, but this effect depends between classes, molecules, or patients’ age. The newest antidiabetic drugs are proven to be efficient molecules in terms of HbA1c decrease, weight reduction, and safety, but more studies are needed in order to characterize exactly their efficacy and safety profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications)
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