International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Editorial

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2 pages, 177 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides

by Xinxin Wen, Lili Lin and Siwei Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 11188; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311188 - 7 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2362

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous two- or three-dimensional infinite structure materials consisting of metal ions or clusters and organic linkers, which are connected via coordination bonds [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

Research

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15 pages, 3751 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Construction of Dual-Shell Mo₂C/C Microsphere towards Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

by Xuesong Deng, Yahui Wang, Lifang Ma, Zhigang Li, Zongsheng Chen, Xiangyin Lv, Yajing Chang, Yi Liu and Jiaming Shi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14502; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314502 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1577

Abstract

Carbon-based carbides have attracted tremendous attention for electromagnetic energy attenuation due to their adjustable dielectric properties, oxidation resistance, and good chemical stability. Herein, we reasonably regulate the growth of dopamine hydrochloride on the surface of the Mo-glycerate (Mo-GL) microsphere and then transform the [...] Read more.

Carbon-based carbides have attracted tremendous attention for electromagnetic energy attenuation due to their adjustable dielectric properties, oxidation resistance, and good chemical stability. Herein, we reasonably regulate the growth of dopamine hydrochloride on the surface of the Mo-glycerate (Mo-GL) microsphere and then transform the resultant Mo-polydopamine (Mo-PD) microsphere into a dual-shell Mo₂C/C (DS-Mo₂C/C) microsphere in a high-temperature pyrolysis process under an inert atmosphere. It is found that the pyrolysis temperature plays an important role in the graphitization degree of the carbon matrix and internal architecture. The fabrication of a dual-shell structure can be propitious to the optimization of impedance matching, and the introduction of Mo₂C nanoparticles also prompts the accumulation of polarization loss. When the pyrolysis temperature reaches 800 °C, the optimized composite of DS-Mo₂C/C-800 exhibits good EM absorption performance in the frequency range of 2.0–18.0 GHz. DS-Mo₂C/C-800′s qualified bandwidth can reach 4.4 GHz at a matching thickness of 1.5 mm, and the integrated qualified bandwidth (QBW) even exceeds 14.5 GHz with a thickness range of 1.5–5.0 mm. The positive effects of the dual-shell structure and Mo₂C nanoparticles on EM energy attenuation may render the DS-Mo₂C/C microsphere as a promising candidate for lightweight and broad bandwidth EM absorption materials in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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18 pages, 6160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Construction of Highly Active Zn₃In₂S₆ (110)/g-C₃N₄ System by Low Temperature Solvothermal for Efficient Degradation of Tetracycline under Visible Light

by Haohao Huo, Yuzhen Li, Shaojie Wang, Siyang Tan, Xin Li, Siyuan Yi and Lizhen Gao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13221; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113221 - 30 Oct 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2238

Abstract

Herein, Zn₃In₂S₆ photocatalyst with (110) exposed facet was prepared by low temperature solvothermal method. On this basis, a highly efficient binary Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ was obtained by low temperature solvothermal method [...] Read more.

Herein, Zn₃In₂S₆ photocatalyst with (110) exposed facet was prepared by low temperature solvothermal method. On this basis, a highly efficient binary Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ was obtained by low temperature solvothermal method and applied to the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The samples of the preparation were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, UV–vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, the degradation performance of photocatalysts on TC was investigated under different experimental conditions. Finally, the mechanism of Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ composite material degrading TC is discussed. The results show that Zn₃In₂S₆ and Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts with excellent performance could be successfully prepared at lower temperature. The Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst could significantly improve the photocatalytic activity compared with g-C₃N₄. After 150 min of illumination, the efficiency of 80%Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ to degrade TC was 1.35 times that of g-C₃N₄. The improvement of photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, which promoted the transfer of photogenerated electron–holes. The cycle experiment test confirmed that Zn₃In₂S₆/g-C₃N₄ composite material had excellent stability. The free radical capture experiment showed that ·O₂⁻ was the primary active material. This study provides a new strategy for the preparation of photocatalysts with excellent performance at low temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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14 pages, 2846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metal–Organic Frameworks Meet Metallic Oxide on Carbon Fiber: Synergistic Effect for Enhanced Photodegradation of Antibiotic Pollutant

by Na Zhu, Sijie Zhou, Chunhua Zhang, Zhuan Fu, Junyao Gong, Zhaozixuan Zhou, Xiaofeng Wang, Pei Lyu, Li Li and Liangjun Xia

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911286 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2028

Abstract

Photodegradation shows a potential strategy for alleviating the excessive antibiotics crisis. The synergistic effect of various metal compounds immobilized on conductive substrates has been considered for wastewater treatment. However, developing a facile and universal approach for rational design and enhancing photocatalytic properties has [...] Read more.

Photodegradation shows a potential strategy for alleviating the excessive antibiotics crisis. The synergistic effect of various metal compounds immobilized on conductive substrates has been considered for wastewater treatment. However, developing a facile and universal approach for rational design and enhancing photocatalytic properties has endured extreme challenges. Herein, we develop a strategy to facilitate the photocatalytic reactions by designing a composite architecture of ZIF–8 ligand binding to the in–situ synthesis ZnO seed layer on carbon fiber. In this architecture, the dissolution and release of the seed layer in the excessive 2–Methylimidazole methanol solution were used as the binder to enhance the interplay between organic ligand and substrate. As an evaluated system for antibiotic contaminants, the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride was performed with a removal efficiency of 88.47% (TC = 50 mg/L, pH = 4, 0.08 g of photocatalyst, illumination within 100 min). Moreover, the photocatalyst exhibited a steady photocatalytic activity (75.0%) after five cycles. The present work demonstrated a strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic performances of carbon fiber and accordingly provided useful perception into the design of the synergistic structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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Review

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27 pages, 5940 KiB

Open AccessReview

Confinement Effects in Well-Defined Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Selective CO₂ Hydrogenation: A Review

by Xiaofei Lu, Chuqiao Song, Xingyu Qi, Duanxing Li and Lili Lin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 4228; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044228 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3593

Abstract

Decarbonization has become an urgent affair to restrain global warming. CO₂ hydrogenation coupled with H₂ derived from water electrolysis is considered a promising route to mitigate the negative impact of carbon emission and also promote the application of hydrogen. It is [...] Read more.

Decarbonization has become an urgent affair to restrain global warming. CO₂ hydrogenation coupled with H₂ derived from water electrolysis is considered a promising route to mitigate the negative impact of carbon emission and also promote the application of hydrogen. It is of great significance to develop catalysts with excellent performance and large-scale implementation. In the past decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely involved in the rational design of catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation due to their high surface areas, tunable porosities, well-ordered pore structures, and diversities in metals and functional groups. Confinement effects in MOFs or MOF-derived materials have been reported to promote the stability of CO₂ hydrogenation catalysts, such as molecular complexes of immobilization effect, active sites in size effect, stabilization in the encapsulation effect, and electron transfer and interfacial catalysis in the synergistic effect. This review attempts to summarize the progress of MOF-based CO₂ hydrogenation catalysts up to now, and demonstrate the synthetic strategies, unique features, and enhancement mechanisms compared with traditionally supported catalysts. Great emphasis will be placed on various confinement effects in CO₂ hydrogenation. The challenges and opportunities in precise design, synthesis, and applications of MOF-confined catalysis for CO₂ hydrogenation are also summarized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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16 pages, 2157 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in Environmental Biosystems

by Lu Zhang, Qingwen Zheng, Zheng Zhang, Huidong Li, Xue Liu, Jinzhi Sun and Ruiwen Wang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032145 - 21 Jan 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3879

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials that are formed by self-assembling organic linkers and metal ions with large specific areas and pore volumes. Their chemical tunability, structural diversity, and tailor-ability make them adaptive to decorate many substrate materials, such as biomass-derived carbon materials, [...] Read more.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials that are formed by self-assembling organic linkers and metal ions with large specific areas and pore volumes. Their chemical tunability, structural diversity, and tailor-ability make them adaptive to decorate many substrate materials, such as biomass-derived carbon materials, and competitive in many environmental biosystems, such as biofuel cells, bioelectrocatalysts, microbial metal reduction, and fermentation systems. In this review, we surmised the recent progress of MOFs and MOF-derived materials and their applications in environmental biosystems. The behavior of MOFs and MOF-derived materials in different environmental biosystems and their influences on performance are described. The inherent mechanisms will guide the rational design of MOF-related materials and lead to a better understanding of their interaction with biocomponents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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22 pages, 5885 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mastering the D-Band Center of Iron-Series Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

by Jing Hu, Adel Al-Salihy, Bin Zhang, Siwei Li and Ping Xu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15405; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315405 - 6 Dec 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4787

Abstract

The development of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts with high performance for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is highly desirable in advancing electrocatalytic water-splitting technology but proves to be challenging. One promising way to improve the catalytic activity is to tailor the d-band [...] Read more.

The development of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts with high performance for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is highly desirable in advancing electrocatalytic water-splitting technology but proves to be challenging. One promising way to improve the catalytic activity is to tailor the d-band center. This approach can facilitate the adsorption of intermediates and promote the formation of active species on surfaces. This review summarizes the role and development of the d-band center of materials based on iron-series metals used in electrocatalytic water splitting. It mainly focuses on the influence of the change in the d-band centers of different composites of iron-based materials on the performance of electrocatalysis. First, the iron-series compounds that are commonly used in electrocatalytic water splitting are summarized. Then, the main factors affecting the electrocatalytic performances of these materials are described. Furthermore, the relationships among the above factors and the d-band centers of materials based on iron-series metals and the d-band center theory are introduced. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on remaining challenges and future directions are given. Such information can be helpful for adjusting the active centers of catalysts and improving electrochemical efficiencies in future works. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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22 pages, 4216 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Fighting Planktonic Bacteria and Biofilms: A Review Emphasizing on Mechanistic Aspects

by Caixia Sun, Xiaobai Wang, Jianjun Dai and Yanmin Ju

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911348 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2846

Abstract

The misuse and mismanagement of antibiotics have made the treatment of bacterial infections a challenge. This challenge is magnified when bacteria form biofilms, which can increase bacterial resistance up to 1000 times. It is desirable to develop anti-infective materials with antibacterial activity and [...] Read more.

The misuse and mismanagement of antibiotics have made the treatment of bacterial infections a challenge. This challenge is magnified when bacteria form biofilms, which can increase bacterial resistance up to 1000 times. It is desirable to develop anti-infective materials with antibacterial activity and no resistance to drugs. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, anti-infective strategies based on metal and metal oxide nanomaterials have been widely used in antibacterial and antibiofilm treatments. Here, this review expounds on the state-of-the-art applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials in bacterial infective diseases. A specific attention is given to the antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials, including disrupting cell membranes, damaging proteins, and nucleic acid. Moreover, a practical antibiofilm mechanism employing these metal and metal oxide nanomaterials is also introduced based on the composition of biofilm, including extracellular polymeric substance, quorum sensing, and bacteria. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials in the anti-infective field are presented to facilitate their development and use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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32 pages, 10631 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks MIL-101(Cr)

by Minmin Zou, Ming Dong and Tian Zhao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9396; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169396 - 20 Aug 2022

Cited by 72 | Viewed by 18313

Abstract

MIL-101(Cr) is one of the most well-studied chromium-based metal–organic frameworks, which consists of metal chromium ion and terephthalic acid ligand. It has an ultra-high specific surface area, large pore size, good thermal/chemical/water stability, and contains unsaturated Lewis acid sites in its structure. Due [...] Read more.

MIL-101(Cr) is one of the most well-studied chromium-based metal–organic frameworks, which consists of metal chromium ion and terephthalic acid ligand. It has an ultra-high specific surface area, large pore size, good thermal/chemical/water stability, and contains unsaturated Lewis acid sites in its structure. Due to the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics, MIL-101(Cr) has a wide range of applications in aqueous phase adsorption, gas storage and separation, and catalysis. In this review, the latest synthesis of MIL-101(Cr) and its research progress in adsorption and catalysis are reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in MOF (Metal-Organic Framework) and Metal X-ides)

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