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Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development
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Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development

A special issue of International Journal of Plant Biology (ISSN 2037-0164). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant–Microorganisms Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 16704

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Martelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Science, Università degli studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: genetic; molecular biology; agronomy; microalgae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rosa Paola Radice

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Science, Università degli studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: genetic; molecular biology; agronomy; microalgae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The journal International Journal of Plant Biology (EISSN 2037-0164) is currently running a Special Issue entitled “Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development”. Prof. Giuseppe Martelli and Dr. Rosa Paola Radice are serving as Guest Editors for this issue. Based on your expertise in this field, I would like to invite you to contribute a review or full research paper for peer-review and possible publication in this Special Issue.

Please feel free to let me know your opinions or if you have any questions. We will be happy to provide any necessary details.

For further details on the submission process, please see the journal website for the instructions for authors (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijpb/instructions)

We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Dr. Giuseppe Martelli 
Dr. Rosa Paola Radice
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Plant Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmaceutical application
  • agrofood industries
  • microalgae metabolites
  • bioremediation processes

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2808 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of the Fatty Acid Profiles of Selected Representatives of Chlorella-Clade to Evaluate Their Biotechnological Potential
by Elena Krivina, Evgeny Degtyaryov, Elizaveta Tebina, Anna Temraleeva and Tatyana Savchenko
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2024, 15(3), 837-854; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15030060 - 21 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 918
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the fatty acid composition of five strains from the genera Chlorella, Micractinium, and Meyerella and conduct an initial assessment of their biotechnological potential. It was found that the strain C. vulgaris VKM Al-335 [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to analyze the fatty acid composition of five strains from the genera Chlorella, Micractinium, and Meyerella and conduct an initial assessment of their biotechnological potential. It was found that the strain C. vulgaris VKM Al-335 is a good producer of palmitic acid, the Micractinium strains VKM Al-332 and VKM Al-343 are rich in ω-3 fatty acids, whereas the Meyerella strains VKM Al-346 and VKM Al-428 are producers of ω-6 fatty acids. A comparison of the biotechnological potential of algae with that of higher plant leaves (wheat) demonstrates that algal fatty acids exhibit greater diversity, although it is inferior to wheat leaves in terms of polyunsaturated and ω-3 fatty acids. Correlation analysis showed that when only straight-chain fatty acids were considered, the strains were distributed on the principal component analysis plot in accordance with their genetic relationships. However, when the entire fatty acid profile, inclusive of minor branched-chain and cyclic fatty acids, was analyzed, the algae distribution was in accordance with the environmental conditions in the original habitat, suggesting a possible connection between branched-chain and cyclic fatty acids and microalgae adaptability to environmental temperature conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development)
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17 pages, 3131 KiB  
Article
Absorption Spectra as Predictors of Algal Biomass and Pigment Content of the Cultured Microalgae Amphidinium carterae, Isochrysis galbana, Nephroselmis sp., and Anabaena sp.
by George N. Hotos and Vlasoula Bekiari
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(4), 879-895; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14040065 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2453
Abstract
Background: In the search of a rapid and representative method for the approximate calculation of culture density and cell content of useful pigments, the study of absorption spectra of cultures of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana, the chlorophyte [...] Read more.
Background: In the search of a rapid and representative method for the approximate calculation of culture density and cell content of useful pigments, the study of absorption spectra of cultures of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana, the chlorophyte Nephroselmis sp., and the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. were selected as representative species of different taxa. Methods: The experimental cultures were established in small volumes by the discontinuous method under 20–21 °C, salinity of 30 or 40 ppt, and 2000 or 8000 lux illumination, and the absorbance spectra, density of the culture and concentration of the extracted pigments chlorophyll, total carotenoids, and phycocyanin were recorded during cultivation. Results: Algal density can be predicted sufficiently correctly because the regression equation of the correlation of the OD value of 750 nm from each absorption spectrum and the measured algal biomass was very strong. The same is true for the corresponding correlations between OD 750 nm and the detected pigments. Conclusions: Absorption spectra of microalgal cultures can be a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for the growers to obtain the necessary information for predicting the right time to collect an ideal combination of maximum biomass and useful pigments, provided that the interpretation of the spectra is performed according to the method described herein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development)
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10 pages, 1924 KiB  
Article
Genetic Improvement to Obtain Specialized Haematococcus pluvialis Genotypes for the Production of Carotenoids, with Particular Reference to Astaxanthin
by Rosa Paola Radice, Maria Carmela Padula, Angelica Liguori, Gabriele D’Arienzo and Giuseppe Martelli
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(1), 276-285; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010023 - 8 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2063
Abstract
Nowadays, the search for natural substances with a high nutraceutical effect positively impact the world market. Among the most attractive macromolecules are antioxidants, capable of preventing the development of various pathologies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is antioxidant molecule produced by the microalga H. pluvialis as [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the search for natural substances with a high nutraceutical effect positively impact the world market. Among the most attractive macromolecules are antioxidants, capable of preventing the development of various pathologies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is antioxidant molecule produced by the microalga H. pluvialis as a response to different types of stress. Usually, astaxanthin production involves the first phase of accumulation of the biomass of H. pluvialis (green phase), which is then stressed to stimulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of ASX (red phase). In this study, the H. pluvialis wild-type strain was subjected to random mutagenesis by UV. Among the different mutant strains obtained, only two showed interesting bio-functional characteristics, such as a good growth rate. The results demonstrated that the HM1010 mutant not only has a higher growth trend than the WT mutant but accumulates and produces ASX even in the green phase. This innovative genotype would guarantee the continuous production of ASX, not linked to the two-step process and the uniqueness of the product obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development)
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14 pages, 10390 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, and Toxicity Effects of Two Brown Algae: Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora
by Jesús Javier Alvarado-Sansininea, Rosario Tavera-Hernández, Manuel Jiménez-Estrada, Enrique Wenceslao Coronado-Aceves, Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón, Sergio Díaz-Martínez, Lisandro Hernández-Anaya, Rosalva Rangel-Corona and Alejandrina Graciela Avila-Ortiz
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(1), 63-76; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010006 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3979
Abstract
Seaweed has a variety or biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory ones. Mexico has great macroalgae diversity, with nearly 1700 species; therefore, in this research two seaweeds from Mexico, Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora, were investigated for their antibacterial, antidiabetic, [...] Read more.
Seaweed has a variety or biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory ones. Mexico has great macroalgae diversity, with nearly 1700 species; therefore, in this research two seaweeds from Mexico, Sargassum buxifolium and Padina gymnospora, were investigated for their antibacterial, antidiabetic, and toxic potential; and to understand their phytochemical components both were subjected to various extractions. Only the hexanic fraction was active, and the presence of fatty acids was detected. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis). The α-glucosidase activity was estimated for checking the antidiabetic capacity; S. buxifolium had best α-glucosidase inhibition compared with P. gymnospora. For toxicity, the hexanic extracts administered orally as nontoxic in the treated mice. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development)
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Review

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14 pages, 743 KiB  
Review
Algal Adaptation to Environmental Stresses: Lipidomics Research
by Ksenia Chadova
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2024, 15(3), 719-732; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15030052 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1114
Abstract
Algal lipidomics is a new field of research that is gaining increasing popularity. The use of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has made it possible to accurately determine the structure of each lipid molecule in a sample. Since algae are considered as a [...] Read more.
Algal lipidomics is a new field of research that is gaining increasing popularity. The use of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has made it possible to accurately determine the structure of each lipid molecule in a sample. Since algae are considered as a promising source of various compounds with pharmacological and biotechnological potential, including bioactive lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipidomics research of this group of organisms are of particular interest. The algae lipidome has high plasticity, which is due to the influence of abiotic and biotic environmental factors, and the observed changes in lipid composition are, as a rule, adaptive reactions. This review examines current research in the field of algal lipidomics, discusses the results of studying the influence of various environmental factors, such as temperature, light intensity, nutrient concentration, epi- and endophytic infections on the algae lipidome, and seasonal and geographical plasticity of algae lipidome; questions about the adaptation mechanisms of algae at the level of individual lipid molecular species are considered, and gaps in this area of research are noted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development)
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14 pages, 1604 KiB  
Review
Production of Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
by Cesar Andres Diaz Arias, Caroline Frere Martiniuc de Oliveira, João Vitor Dutra Molino, Livia Seno Ferreira-Camargo, Marcelo Chuei Matsudo and João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(1), 39-52; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010004 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4818
Abstract
This review aimed to present Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an alternative for heterologous protein production, especially for biopharmaceuticals, and its general characteristics when compared with other expression systems. The need to produce heterologous proteins for industrial interest, therapeutic ends, and diagnostic kits has led [...] Read more.
This review aimed to present Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an alternative for heterologous protein production, especially for biopharmaceuticals, and its general characteristics when compared with other expression systems. The need to produce heterologous proteins for industrial interest, therapeutic ends, and diagnostic kits has led to the development of recombinant microalgal technology. This technology presents some interesting features, such as rapid growth and low transgene dispersion compared to plants, the ability to fold complex proteins compared to bacteria, and low production costs compared to other expression systems, such as yeast and mammalian cells. Overall, C. reinhardtii heterologous protein expression is coming of age with several research groups focused on developing an optimal producer strain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae as a Powerful Tool for Biopharming Development)
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