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Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the...
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Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Imaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5374

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Zhonghua Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
Interests: 3D visualization; virtual reality; mixed reality and extended reality; 3D printing; diagnostic radiology; cardiovascular disease; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in imaging technologies over the last few decades have revolutionized the role of cardiovascular imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with cardiovascular disease. Traditional reliance on 2D and 3D imaging has been significantly augmented with the development of advanced technologies, including CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT), photon-counting CT, patient-specific 3D-printed models, virtual reality and mixed reality tools, and computational modelling, as well as the increasing use of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and risk stratification. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect submissions focusing on the use of the latest technologies in cardiovascular imaging. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • The use of cardiovascular imaging modalities in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease;
  • FFRCT in coronary artery disease;
  • 3D printing in cardiovascular disease;
  • Virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality in cardiovascular disease;
  • Computational modelling in cardiovascular disease;
  • Photon-counting CT in cardiovascular disease;
  • The use of AI/ML/DL in cardiovascular disease.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Zhonghua Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • cardiovascular imaging
  • diagnosis
  • risk stratification
  • visualisation
  • photon-counting CT
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2397 KiB  
Article
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Calcium Burden with Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume Obtained from PET–CT Imaging in Oncological Patients
by Carmela Nappi, Andrea Ponsiglione, Carlo Vallone, Roberto Lepre, Luigi Basile, Roberta Green, Valeria Cantoni, Ciro Gabriele Mainolfi, Massimo Imbriaco, Mario Petretta and Alberto Cuocolo
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(10), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11100331 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 628
Abstract
Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) imaging performed for oncological purposes may provide additional parameters such as the coronary artery calcium (CAC) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume with cost-effective prognostic information in asymptomatic people beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated [...] Read more.
Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) imaging performed for oncological purposes may provide additional parameters such as the coronary artery calcium (CAC) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume with cost-effective prognostic information in asymptomatic people beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring the CAC score and EAT volume in cancer patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD) referred to whole-body 18F-FDG PET–CT imaging, regardless of the main clinical problem. We also investigated the potential relationships between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and CAC with EAT volume. A total of 109 oncological patients without overt CAD underwent whole-body PET–CT imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Unenhanced CT images were retrospectively viewed for CAC and EAT measurements on a dedicated platform. Overall, the mean EAT volume was 99 ± 49 cm3. Patients with a CAC score ≥ 1 were older than those with a CAC = 0 (p < 0.001) and the prevalence of hypertension was higher in patients with detectable CAC as compared to those without (p < 0.005). The EAT volume was higher in patients with CAC than in those without (p < 0.001). For univariable age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and CAC were associated with increasing EAT values (all p < 0.005). However, the correlation between the CAC score and EAT volume was weak, and in multivariable analysis only age and BMI were independently associated with increased EAT (both p < 0.001), suggesting that potential prognostic information on CAC and EAT is not redundant. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a cost-effective assessment of CAC scores and EAT volumes in oncological patients undergoing whole-body 18F-FDG PET–CT imaging, enabling staging cancer disease and atherosclerotic burden by a single test already included in the diagnostic work program, with optimization of the radiation dose and without additional costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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12 pages, 1879 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Clinical Value of Four Visualization Modalities for Congenital Heart Disease
by Shen-yuan Lee, Andrew Squelch and Zhonghua Sun
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(9), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11090278 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 643
Abstract
Diagnosing congenital heart disease (CHD) remains challenging because of its complex morphology. Representing the intricate structures of CHD on conventional two-dimensional flat screens is difficult owing to wide variations in the pathologies. Technological advancements, such as three-dimensional-printed heart models (3DPHMs) and virtual reality [...] Read more.
Diagnosing congenital heart disease (CHD) remains challenging because of its complex morphology. Representing the intricate structures of CHD on conventional two-dimensional flat screens is difficult owing to wide variations in the pathologies. Technological advancements, such as three-dimensional-printed heart models (3DPHMs) and virtual reality (VR), could potentially address the limitations of viewing complex structures using conventional methods. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness and clinical value of four visualization modalities across three different cases of CHD, including ventricular septal defect, double-outlet right ventricle, and tetralogy of Fallot. Seventeen cardiac specialists were invited to participate in this study, which was aimed at assessing the usefulness and clinical value of four visualization modalities, namely, digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images, 3DPHM, VR, and 3D portable document format (PDF). Out of these modalities, 76.4% of the specialists ranked VR as the best for understanding the spatial associations between cardiac structures and for presurgical planning. Meanwhile, 94.1% ranked 3DPHM as the best modality for communicating with patients and their families. Of the various visualization modalities, VR was the best tool for assessing anatomical locations and vessels, comprehending the spatial relationships between cardiac structures, and presurgical planning. The 3DPHM models were the best tool for medical education as well as communication. In summary, both 3DPHM and VR have their own advantages and outperform the other two modalities, i.e., DICOM images and 3D PDF, in terms of visualizing and managing CHD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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18 pages, 9680 KiB  
Article
Efficient and Accurate 3D Thickness Measurement in Vessel Wall Imaging: Overcoming Limitations of 2D Approaches Using the Laplacian Method
by SeyyedKazem HashemizadehKolowri, Ebru Yaman Akcicek, Halit Akcicek, Xiaodong Ma, Marina S. Ferguson, Niranjan Balu, Thomas S. Hatsukami and Chun Yuan
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(8), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11080249 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 840
Abstract
The clinical significance of measuring vessel wall thickness is widely acknowledged. Recent advancements have enabled high-resolution 3D scans of arteries and precise segmentation of their lumens and outer walls; however, most existing methods for assessing vessel wall thickness are 2D. Despite being valuable, [...] Read more.
The clinical significance of measuring vessel wall thickness is widely acknowledged. Recent advancements have enabled high-resolution 3D scans of arteries and precise segmentation of their lumens and outer walls; however, most existing methods for assessing vessel wall thickness are 2D. Despite being valuable, reproducibility and accuracy of 2D techniques depend on the extracted 2D slices. Additionally, these methods fail to fully account for variations in wall thickness in all dimensions. Furthermore, most existing approaches are difficult to be extended into 3D and their measurements lack spatial localization and are primarily confined to lumen boundaries. We advocate for a shift in perspective towards recognizing vessel wall thickness measurement as inherently a 3D challenge and propose adapting the Laplacian method as an outstanding alternative. The Laplacian method is implemented using convolutions, ensuring its efficient and rapid execution on deep learning platforms. Experiments using digital phantoms and vessel wall imaging data are conducted to showcase the accuracy, reproducibility, and localization capabilities of the proposed approach. The proposed method produce consistent outcomes that remain independent of centerlines and 2D slices. Notably, this approach is applicable in both 2D and 3D scenarios. It allows for voxel-wise quantification of wall thickness, enabling precise identification of wall volumes exhibiting abnormal wall thickness. Our research highlights the urgency of transitioning to 3D methodologies for vessel wall thickness measurement. Such a transition not only acknowledges the intricate spatial variations of vessel walls, but also opens doors to more accurate, localized, and insightful diagnostic insights. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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13 pages, 1288 KiB  
Article
Atrial and Ventricular Involvement in Acute Myocarditis Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Single-Center Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study
by Riccardo Cau, Francesco Pisu, Giuseppe Muscogiuri, Jasjit S. Suri, Roberta Montisci and Luca Saba
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(7), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11070191 - 25 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1276
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is commonly employed to confirm the diagnosis of acute myocarditis (AM). However, the impact of atrial and ventricular function in AM patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF) deserves further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore [...] Read more.
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is commonly employed to confirm the diagnosis of acute myocarditis (AM). However, the impact of atrial and ventricular function in AM patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF) deserves further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the incremental diagnostic value of combining atrial and strain functions using CMR in patients with AM and preserved EF. This retrospective study collected CMR scans of 126 consecutive patients with AM (meeting the Lake Louise criteria) and with preserved EF, as well as 52 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) strain functions were assessed using conventional cine-SSFP sequences. In patients with AM and preserved EF, impaired ventricular and atrial strain functions were observed compared to control subjects. These impairments remained significant even in multivariable analysis. The combined model of atrial and ventricular functions proved to be the most effective in distinguishing AM patients with preserved ejection fraction from control subjects, achieving an area under the curve of 0.77 and showing a significant improvement in the likelihood ratio. These findings suggest that a combined analysis of both atrial and ventricular functions may improve the diagnostic accuracy for patients with AM and preserved EF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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Review

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13 pages, 3854 KiB  
Review
The Role of Coronary Imaging in Chronic Total Occlusions: Applications and Future Possibilities
by Giuseppe Panuccio, Youssef S. Abdelwahed, Nicole Carabetta, Ulf Landmesser, Salvatore De Rosa and Daniele Torella
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(9), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11090295 - 21 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1136
Abstract
Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) represent a challenging scenario in coronary artery disease (CAD). The prevalence of CTOS in patients undergoing coronary angiography underscores the need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Coronary angiography, while essential, offers limited insights into lesion morphology, vessel course, [...] Read more.
Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) represent a challenging scenario in coronary artery disease (CAD). The prevalence of CTOS in patients undergoing coronary angiography underscores the need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Coronary angiography, while essential, offers limited insights into lesion morphology, vessel course, and myocardial viability. In contrast, coronary imaging techniques—including optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)—provide comprehensive insights for each stage of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OCT facilitates the assessment of plaque morphology and stent optimization, despite low evidence and several limitations in CTO-PCI. IVUS offers deeper penetration, allowing managing proximal cap scenarios and guiding subintimal navigation. CCTA provides a non-invasive, three-dimensional view of coronary anatomy, enabling the precise evaluation of myocardial mass at risk and detailed procedural planning. Despite their individual limitations, these imaging modalities have enhanced the success rates of CTO-PCI, thus reducing procedural and long-term complications and improving patient outcomes. The future of CTO management lies in further technological advancements, including hybrid imaging, artificial intelligence (AI) integration, and improved fusion imaging. These innovations promise to refine procedural precision and personalize interventions, ultimately improving the care of patients with complex coronary artery disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging: An Exciting Future to Revolutionize the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)
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