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State-of-the-Art Dental Adhesives and Restorative Composites
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State-of-the-Art Dental Adhesives and Restorative Composites

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 7108

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jirun Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
Interests: biomaterials; nanotechnology; tissue engineering; self-healing; additive manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the early 1960s, Dr. Rafael Bowen of the American Dental Association pioneered the development of methacrylate-based resin composites. Over a decade later, dentists began utilizing these composites in the treatment of caries. Fast forward six decades from their inception, and methacrylate-based restoratives continue to maintain their dominance in the realm of dental adhesives and restorative composites. Their enduring popularity can be attributed to their natural tooth-like appearance, strong bonding capabilities with natural teeth, and versatility for use in both small and large restorations. This has propelled them into the limelight, surpassing alternatives such as amalgam and glass ionomer cements.

Modern dental composite restorative systems, in tandem with the associated adhesives for dentin and enamel, are typically composed of three essential components: 1) a resin network, 2) reinforcing filler particles, and 3) additives that supply unique functions. Dentists and scientists creatively blend these three components, akin to artists mixing RGB colors, to address a wide array of complex dental cases. With over half a century of clinical data and ongoing development, new materials and advanced technologies continue to emerge.

In this Special Issue, our objective is to provide a comprehensive review and witness the evolution of dental adhesives and resin composites. We will delve into the artistry involved in crafting functional dental restoratives, explore the excitement of applying cutting-edge materials and technologies, and take immense satisfaction in contributing to the overall well-being of humanity.

Dr. Jirun Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adhesives
  • composites
  • dental restoratives
  • caries
  • biomaterials
  • nanotechnology
  • digital dentistry

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5361 KiB  
Article
Novel Resin-Based Antibacterial Root Surface Coating Material to Combat Dental Caries
by Nader Almutairi, Abdullah Alhussein, Mohammad Alenizy, Ibrahim Ba-Armah, Jirun Sun, Michael D. Weir and Hockin H. K. Xu
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(6), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060168 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1325
Abstract
Root caries caused by cariogenic bacteria are a burden on a large number of individuals worldwide, especially the elderly. Applying a protective coating to exposed root surfaces has the potential to inhibit the development of caries, thus preserving natural teeth. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Root caries caused by cariogenic bacteria are a burden on a large number of individuals worldwide, especially the elderly. Applying a protective coating to exposed root surfaces has the potential to inhibit the development of caries, thus preserving natural teeth. This study aimed to develop a novel antibacterial coating to combat root caries and evaluate its effectiveness using the antibacterial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM). DMAHDM was synthesized and incorporated into a resin consisting of 55.8% urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and 44.2% TEG-DVBE (UV) at a 10% mass fraction of glass filler. Multiple concentrations of DMAHDM were tested for their impact on the resin’s mechanical and physical properties. S. mutans biofilms grown on resin disks were analyzed for antibacterial efficacy. Cytotoxicity was assessed against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The results showed an 8-log reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) against S. mutans biofilm (mean ± sd; n = 6) (p < 0.05) when 5% DMAHDM was incorporated into the UV resin. There was a 90% reduction in metabolic activity and lactic acid production. A low level of cytotoxicity against HGF was observed without compromising the physical and mechanical properties of the resin. This coating material demonstrated promising physical properties, potent antibacterial effects, and low toxicity, suggesting its potential to protect exposed roots from caries in various dental procedures and among elderly individuals with gingival recession. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Dental Adhesives and Restorative Composites)
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Review

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38 pages, 3106 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Properties and Indications of Chairside CAD/CAM Materials in Restorative Dentistry
by Codruţa-Eliza Ille, Anca Jivănescu, Daniel Pop, Eniko Tunde Stoica, Razvan Flueras, Ioana-Cristina Talpoş-Niculescu, Raluca Mioara Cosoroabă, Ramona-Amina Popovici and Iustin Olariu
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16020046 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 309
Abstract
The present review provides an up-to-date overview of chairside CAD/CAM materials used in restorative dentistry, focusing on their classification, properties, and clinical applications. If CAD/CAM technology was only an aspiration in the past, a higher proportion of clinics are employing it nowadays. The [...] Read more.
The present review provides an up-to-date overview of chairside CAD/CAM materials used in restorative dentistry, focusing on their classification, properties, and clinical applications. If CAD/CAM technology was only an aspiration in the past, a higher proportion of clinics are employing it nowadays. The market is overflowing with biomaterials, and these materials are constantly evolving, making it challenging for practitioners to choose the most appropriate one, especially in correlation with patients’ medical diseases. The evolution of CAD/CAM technology has revolutionized dental practice, enabling the efficient fabrication of high-quality restorations in a single appointment. The main categories of chairside CAD/CAM materials include feldspathic ceramics, leucite-reinforced ceramics, lithium disilicate, zirconia, hybrid ceramics, and acrylic resins. The mechanical, physical, and aesthetic properties of these materials are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations for different clinical scenarios. Factors influencing material selection, such as strength, aesthetics, and ease of use, are also assessed. Ultimately, the guiding principle of dentistry is minimally invasive treatment following the particularity of the clinical case to obtain the envisioned result. Correlating all these factors, a simple, up-to-date classification is required to begin an individualized treatment. By synthesizing current evidence, this comprehensive review aims to guide clinicians in selecting appropriate chairside CAD/CAM materials to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes in restorative procedures. The integration of digital workflows and continued development of novel materials promise to further enhance the capabilities of chairside CAD/CAM systems in modern dental practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Dental Adhesives and Restorative Composites)
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21 pages, 4188 KiB  
Review
Preservation Strategies for Interfacial Integrity in Restorative Dentistry: A Non-Comprehensive Literature Review
by Carmem S. Pfeifer, Fernanda S. Lucena and Fernanda M. Tsuzuki
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16020042 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 505
Abstract
The preservation of interfacial integrity in esthetic dental restorations remains a critical challenge, with hybrid layer degradation being a primary factor in restoration failure. This degradation is driven by a combination of host-derived enzymatic activity, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), bacterial proteases, and hydrolytic [...] Read more.
The preservation of interfacial integrity in esthetic dental restorations remains a critical challenge, with hybrid layer degradation being a primary factor in restoration failure. This degradation is driven by a combination of host-derived enzymatic activity, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), bacterial proteases, and hydrolytic breakdown of the polymerized adhesive due to moisture exposure. This review examines the multifactorial mechanisms underlying hybrid layer degradation and presents current advancements in restorative materials aimed at counteracting these effects. Principal strategies include collagen preservation through the inhibition of enzymatic activity, the integration of antimicrobial agents to limit biofilm formation, and the use of ester-free, hydrolysis-resistant polymeric systems. Recent research highlights acrylamide-based adhesives, which exhibit enhanced resistance to acidic and enzymatic environments, as well as dual functionality in collagen stabilization. Furthermore, innovations in bioactive resins and self-healing materials present promising future directions for developing adhesives that actively contribute to long-term restoration stability. These findings underscore the importance of continuous advancements in adhesive technology to enhance the durability and clinical performance of dental restorations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Dental Adhesives and Restorative Composites)
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13 pages, 1633 KiB  
Review
A Historical Perspective on Dental Composite Restorative Materials
by Jack L. Ferracane
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(7), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15070173 - 25 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4454
Abstract
This review article will discuss the origin of resin-based dental composite materials and their adoption as potentially useful adjuncts to the primary material used by most dentists for direct restorations. The evolution of the materials, largely driven by the industry’s response to the [...] Read more.
This review article will discuss the origin of resin-based dental composite materials and their adoption as potentially useful adjuncts to the primary material used by most dentists for direct restorations. The evolution of the materials, largely driven by the industry’s response to the needs of dentists, has produced materials that are esthetic, strong, and versatile enough to be used in most areas of the oral cavity to replace or restore missing tooth structures. Significant advancements, such as the transition from chemical to light-curing materials, refinements in reinforcing particles to produce optimum polishing and wear resistance, formulating pastes with altered viscosities to create highly flowable and highly stiff materials, and creating materials with enhanced depth of cure to facilitate placement, will be highlighted. Future advancements will likely reflect the movement away from simply being a biocompatible material to one that is designed to produce some type of beneficial effect upon interaction within the oral environment. These new materials have been called “bioactive” by virtue of their potential effects on bacterial biofilms and their ability to promote mineralization of adjacent tooth structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Dental Adhesives and Restorative Composites)
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