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Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas
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Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 13400

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carla Faraci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: boundary layer dynamics; wave–current interaction; coastal morphodynamics; wave–structure interaction; scour around marine structures; vegetation–flow interaction; breaking waves
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dag Myrhaug

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Interests: boundary layer dynamics; wave–current interaction; coastal morphodynamics; wave–structure interaction; scour around marine structures; vegetation–flow interaction; breaking waves

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to call your attention to the Special Issue “Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas” in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Impact Factor of 1.732, Journal Citation Reports, 2018).

The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish original research articles and review articles that cover various aspects of the fascinating field of combined wave–current flows. Wave–current interaction is especially crucial for coastal regions and occurs over a wide range of both wave and current conditions with implications for coastal circulation, turbulence, and sediment transport.

Studies that consider the effects and the impacts of wave–current interaction, along with modeling and monitoring studies related to morphodynamics, sediment dynamics, and hydrodynamics, are particularly welcome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • physical/numerical/field studies focusing on wave–current interaction;
  • large- and small-scale hydrodynamics and turbulence induced by combined flows;
  • effects of climate change on combined flows and related adaptation and/or mitigation measures;
  • statistical and probabilistic methods for wave–current interaction modeling;
  • case studies and/or lessons learned from coastal, estuarine, or lagoon areas experiencing combined flows;
  • impact of bed roughness, vegetation, etc. on wave–current interaction;
  • interaction of gravity-, tide-, or wave-generated currents with waves;
  • effects of wave–current interaction on sediment transport and bed morphodynamics.

Prof. Carla Faraci
Prof. Dag Myrhaug
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • boundary layer dynamics
  • sea level rise
  • combined flows
  • gravity currents
  • bed morphodynamics
  • sediment transport
  • aquatic vegetation.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
Time Scale for Scour Beneath Pipelines Due to Long-Crested and Short-Crested Nonlinear Random Waves Plus Current
by Dag Myrhaug and Muk Chen Ong
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(2), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020114 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1564
Abstract
This article derives the time scale of pipeline scour caused by 2D (long-crested) and 3D (short-crested) nonlinear irregular waves and current for wave-dominant flow. The motivation is to provide a simple engineering tool suitable to use when assessing the time scale of equilibrium [...] Read more.
This article derives the time scale of pipeline scour caused by 2D (long-crested) and 3D (short-crested) nonlinear irregular waves and current for wave-dominant flow. The motivation is to provide a simple engineering tool suitable to use when assessing the time scale of equilibrium pipeline scour for these flow conditions. The method assumes the random wave process to be stationary and narrow banded adopting a distribution of the wave crest height representing 2D and 3D nonlinear irregular waves and a time scale formula for regular waves plus current. The presented results cover a range of random waves plus current flow conditions for which the method is valid. Results for typical field conditions are also presented. A possible application of the outcome of this study is that, e.g., consulting engineers can use it as part of assessing the on-bottom stability of seabed pipelines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas)
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15 pages, 4901 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modelling of the Effects of the Gulf Stream on the Wave Characteristics
by Sonia Ponce de León and C. Guedes Soares
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010042 - 4 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2618
Abstract
The influence of the Gulf Stream on the wind wave characteristics is investigated. Wave–current interaction inside the current field can result in significant inhomogeneities of the wave field that change the wave spectrum and wave statistics. This study relies on regional realistic simulations [...] Read more.
The influence of the Gulf Stream on the wind wave characteristics is investigated. Wave–current interaction inside the current field can result in significant inhomogeneities of the wave field that change the wave spectrum and wave statistics. This study relies on regional realistic simulations using high resolution in time, space and in the spectral space that allow to solve small scale features of the order of 5 km. Wave model simulations are performed with and without ocean currents to understand the impact of the Gulf Stream. Modelled wave spectra are examined along the main axis of the Gulf Stream, and also along a transect that crosses the current. The behavior of significant wave height (Hs), the current speed, as well as the mean wave propagation and the current direction are analyzed at the selected transect locations. It is shown that inside the current the spectral wave energy grows if the wave and the current are aligned and opposed which result in a very peaked and elongated spectrum. The Gulf Stream causes a widening of the spectrum angular distribution. The results indicate that the Hs increases with the current velocity once the waves are inside the Gulf Stream. Most of the time, waves travelled in opposite direction to the current that flows from the SW to the NE, which could explain why inside the Gulf Stream waves are high. The validation of the numerical simulations is performed for Hs using different wave buoy data available in the study region for the winter period of 2019. In addition, one-dimensional wave spectra measured by an NDBC (National Data Buoy Center) wave buoy are compared with the WAM (Wave Advanced Modeling) modelled 1d spectra showing a good correlation. Accounting for ocean currents improves the quality of the simulated results, which is more realistic than only considering waves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas)
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11 pages, 894 KiB  
Article
Direct Numerical Simulations of the Pulsating Flow over a Plane Wall
by Giovanna Vittori, Paolo Blondeaux and Marco Mazzuoli
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(11), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110893 - 9 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1878
Abstract
The results of direct numerical simulations of the flow generated in a plane duct by a pressure gradient which is the sum of two terms are described. The first term of the pressure gradient is constant in space but it oscillates in time [...] Read more.
The results of direct numerical simulations of the flow generated in a plane duct by a pressure gradient which is the sum of two terms are described. The first term of the pressure gradient is constant in space but it oscillates in time whereas the second term is constant both in space and in time. Therefore, a pulsating flow is generated, similar to that generated at the bottom of a monochromatic propagating surface wave when nonlinear effects are taken into account. The simulations are carried out for values of the parameters similar to those considered in previous investigations. It is shown that even a small constant pressure gradient influences the flow regime in the bottom boundary layer. In particular, turbulence strength is damped when the steady velocity component has the direction opposite to the oscillating velocity component whereas turbulence strength increases when the steady and oscillating components point in the same direction. Even though the flow is not exactly equal to that generated at the bottom of sea waves, where second order effects in the wave steepness induce a steady streaming in the direction of wave propagation, our results provide information on the interaction of the steady streaming with the oscillatory flow and are also relevant for investigating the dynamics of sediment close to the sea bottom. Indeed, since the turbulent eddies tend to pick-up the sediment from the bottom, it can be inferred that the triggering of turbulence enhances sediment transport towards the shore. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas)
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14 pages, 4917 KiB  
Article
Wave-Current Flow and Vorticity Close to a Fixed Rippled Bed
by Alessia Ruggeri, Rosaria Ester Musumeci and Carla Faraci
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(11), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110867 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
An experimental study of wave and current interaction over ripples is presented in this paper. The campaign was carried out at the shallow water tank at the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI, Denmark), in the framework of the TA WINGS (Waves plus currents INteracting [...] Read more.
An experimental study of wave and current interaction over ripples is presented in this paper. The campaign was carried out at the shallow water tank at the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI, Denmark), in the framework of the TA WINGS (Waves plus currents INteracting at a right anGle over rough bedS), funded by the European Union (EU) through the Hydralab+ program. Mean velocity profiles, measured with acoustic Doppler velocimeters for different flow conditions including current only, wave only and wave plus current were recorded and allowed to recover flow and vorticity fields. Recirculating cells in both wave only and wave plus current conditions form but they flatten when the current superposes over the wave. It was found that the superposition of current reduces the undertow present in the case of only waves and leads to an increase of vorticity outside the boundary layer. Instead, inside the boundary layer, the vorticity is dumped by the effect of current. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas)
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11 pages, 468 KiB  
Article
The Equilibrium Scour Depth around a Pier under the Action of Collinear Waves and Current
by Ainal Hoque Gazi, Subhrangshu Purkayastha and Mohammad Saud Afzal
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010036 - 11 Jan 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4527
Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical equation is developed for the equilibrium scour depth considering an arbitrary shape of the scour hole around a pier under the action of collinear waves and current. A power-law current velocity profile is assumed for the purpose of [...] Read more.
In this paper, a mathematical equation is developed for the equilibrium scour depth considering an arbitrary shape of the scour hole around a pier under the action of collinear waves and current. A power-law current velocity profile is assumed for the purpose of the analysis. The equilibrium scour depth is obtained by equating the work done by the flowing fluid while interacting with the pier under the action of the collinear waves and the current and the work done by the total volume of the sediment particles removed from the scour hole, respectively. The equilibrium scour depths predicted by the model show good agreement with the experimental and numerical results available in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave–Current Interaction in Coastal Areas)
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