Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 15040

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which include small EVs or exosomes and microvesicles, are a subtype of membrane vesicles released from the endocytic compartment of live cells. EVs play an important role in local and distant cell-to-cell communication. EVs are able to transport functional biological cargoes (nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, etc.). These aspects of drug delivery are essential for the field of gene therapy. Recent studies have shown that EVs may be used to encapsulate and protect exogenous siRNA/miRNAs or edogeneous miRNA/mRNA for delivery to target cells. Thus, EV-mediated nanodelivery is very promising and may bridge the gap in current delivery systems for systemic gene therapy. 

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Bioengineering.

Dr. Prakash Gangadaran
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • microvesicles exosome mimetics/bionanovesicles
  • miRNA
  • mRNA
  • siRNA
  • gene therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 1428 KiB  
Review
Application of Orthobiologics in Achilles Tendinopathy: A Review
by Luciano C. Ramires, Madhan Jeyaraman, Sathish Muthu, Navaladi Shankar A, Gabriel Silva Santos, Lucas Furtado da Fonseca, José Fábio Lana, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran, Prakash Gangadaran, Manasi P. Jogalekar, Alfredo A. Cardoso and Alex Eickhoff
Life 2022, 12(3), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030399 - 9 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5897
Abstract
Orthobiologics are biological materials that are intended for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and soft tissues. In this review, we discuss the application of orthobiologics in Achilles tendinopathy, more specifically. We explain the concepts and definitions of each orthobiologic and the literature regarding [...] Read more.
Orthobiologics are biological materials that are intended for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and soft tissues. In this review, we discuss the application of orthobiologics in Achilles tendinopathy, more specifically. We explain the concepts and definitions of each orthobiologic and the literature regarding its use in tendon disorders. The biological potential of these materials can be harnessed and administered into injured tissues, particularly in areas where standard healing is disrupted, a typical feature of Achilles tendinopathy. These products contain a wide variety of cell populations, cytokines, and growth factors, which have been shown to modulate many other cells at local and distal sites in the body. Collectively, they can shift the state of escalated inflammation and degeneration to reestablish tissue homeostasis. The typical features of Achilles tendinopathy are failed healing responses, persistent inflammation, and predominant catabolic reactions. Therefore, the application of orthobiologic tools represents a viable solution, considering their demonstrated efficacy, safety, and relatively easy manipulation. Perhaps a synergistic approach regarding the combination of these orthobiologics may promote more significant clinical outcomes rather than individual application. Although numerous optimistic results have been registered in the literature, additional studies and clinical trials are still highly desired to further illuminate the clinical utility and efficacy of these therapeutic strategies in the management of tendinopathies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)
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19 pages, 1999 KiB  
Review
Small Extracellular Vesicles: Functions and Potential Clinical Applications as Cancer Biomarkers
by Yi Wang, Ruichen Zhao, Xueqiao Jiao, Longyuan Wu, Yuxuan Wei, Fuxiu Shi, Junpei Zhong and Lixia Xiong
Life 2021, 11(10), 1044; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101044 - 4 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2614
Abstract
Cancer, as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is a major public health concern that imposes a heavy social and economic burden. Effective approaches for either diagnosis or therapy of most cancers are still lacking. Dynamic monitoring and personalized therapy are the [...] Read more.
Cancer, as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is a major public health concern that imposes a heavy social and economic burden. Effective approaches for either diagnosis or therapy of most cancers are still lacking. Dynamic monitoring and personalized therapy are the main directions for cancer research. Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential disease biomarkers. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecules (protein, nucleic acid, and lipids) at various stages of carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis of sEVs, and their functions in cancer, revealing the potential applications of sEVs as cancer biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)
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26 pages, 2248 KiB  
Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as an Emerging Paradigm for Regenerative Therapy and Nano-Medicine: A Comprehensive Review
by Biswajit Panda, Yashvi Sharma, Suchi Gupta and Sujata Mohanty
Life 2021, 11(8), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080784 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5411
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells are potent therapeutic candidates in the field of regenerative medicine, owing to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. However, several complications come with their translational application like viability, duration, and degree of expansion, long-term storage, and high maintenance cost. Therefore, drawbacks [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells are potent therapeutic candidates in the field of regenerative medicine, owing to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. However, several complications come with their translational application like viability, duration, and degree of expansion, long-term storage, and high maintenance cost. Therefore, drawbacks of cell-based therapy can be overcome by a novel therapeutic modality emerging in translational research and application, i.e., exosomes. These small vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as new avenues in the field of nano-medicine. These nano-vesicles have caught the attention of researchers with their potency as regenerative medicine both in nanotherapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in the biology and handling of exosomes, with their limitations and future applications. Additionally, we highlight current perspectives that primarily focus on their effect on various diseases and their potential as a drug delivery vehicle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)
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